der Nachbar 30秒で
- Der Nachbar: male neighbor, a person living next door or nearby.
- Key usage: Describing people in your immediate vicinity.
- Grammar: Masculine noun, requires specific articles and case endings.
- Important distinction: Use 'die Nachbarin' for a female neighbor.
Understanding 'der Nachbar' (The Male Neighbor)
In German, 'der Nachbar' specifically refers to a male neighbor. It's a common and essential word for describing the people who live next door or nearby your home. Imagine living in an apartment building or a row of houses; the individuals residing in the adjacent units are your 'Nachbarn'. The word is used in everyday conversations, whether you're discussing a friendly wave hello, borrowing a cup of sugar, or even complaining about noise. It's a fundamental part of community life and social interaction in German-speaking countries. The term is gender-specific, meaning if you are referring to a female neighbor, you would use 'die Nachbarin'. However, when speaking generally about neighbors or a group of neighbors that includes at least one male, the masculine plural 'die Nachbarn' is used. Understanding this distinction is key to accurate communication.
- Core Meaning
- A male person living next door or nearby.
- Usage Context
- Daily life, community interactions, describing proximity.
Mein Nachbar ist sehr freundlich.
Consider the scenario of a new person moving into the house next to yours. If it's a man, you would say, 'Ein neuer Nachbar ist eingezogen.' (A new neighbor has moved in.) This word is incredibly useful when you're establishing yourself in a new place or simply describing your immediate surroundings. It's a term you'll encounter frequently in conversations about local life, housing, and social relationships. The concept of neighbors is universal, and 'der Nachbar' is the specific German term for one aspect of this concept. The plural form, 'die Nachbarn', is used when referring to neighbors in general or multiple neighbors. For instance, 'Ich kenne meine Nachbarn gut' means 'I know my neighbors well'. The grammatical gender is important in German, and 'der Nachbar' being masculine dictates the articles and adjective endings used with it. It’s a simple word, but its correct usage is vital for clear and natural-sounding German.
Der Nachbar hilft mir oft.
- Gender Specificity
- Refers exclusively to a male neighbor.
- Plural Form
- 'Die Nachbarn' for multiple neighbors or a mixed group.
Constructing Sentences with 'der Nachbar'
Using 'der Nachbar' correctly involves understanding its role as a masculine noun and applying appropriate articles and adjective endings. At the A1 CEFR level, you'll primarily encounter simple sentence structures where 'der Nachbar' is the subject or object. For instance, 'Der Nachbar wohnt nebenan.' (The neighbor lives next door.) Here, 'der Nachbar' is the subject, taking the nominative case article 'der'.
- Nominative Case (Subject)
- When 'der Nachbar' is performing the action: 'Der Nachbar liest Zeitung.' (The neighbor is reading the newspaper.)
- Accusative Case (Direct Object)
- When 'der Nachbar' is being acted upon (less common at A1, but good to know): 'Ich sehe den Nachbarn.' (I see the neighbor.) Note the article change to 'den'.
- Dative Case (Indirect Object)
- When 'der Nachbar' receives the action indirectly: 'Ich gebe dem Nachbarn einen Brief.' (I give the neighbor a letter.) Note the article change to 'dem'.
Der Nachbar hat einen Hund.
As you progress, you'll use 'der Nachbar' in more complex sentences, including those with prepositions and relative clauses. For example, 'Der Mann, der mein Nachbar ist, ist sehr nett.' (The man who is my neighbor is very nice.) Here, 'Nachbar' is used predicatively after 'ist', maintaining the nominative case.
Mein Nachbar spielt Gitarre.
The word can also be used in possessive constructions. For example, 'Das Auto meines Nachbarn ist neu.' (My neighbor's car is new.) Here, 'Nachbarn' is in the genitive case, following the possessive pronoun 'meines'.
Ich helfe meinem Nachbarn bei der Gartenarbeit.
- Common Verb Collocations
- 'wohnen' (to live), 'helfen' (to help), 'besuchen' (to visit), 'kennen' (to know), 'sehen' (to see).
Real-World Scenarios for 'der Nachbar'
You'll hear 'der Nachbar' frequently in everyday German conversations, especially in contexts related to housing, community, and daily life. Imagine yourself in a typical German neighborhood or apartment building. Conversations often revolve around shared spaces, local events, or simple neighborly interactions.
Entschuldigung, haben Sie meinen Nachbarn gesehen?
- Daily Interactions
- When greeting people in your building or on your street: 'Guten Tag, Herr Müller, wie geht es Ihrem Nachbarn?' (Good day, Mr. Müller, how is your neighbor doing?).
- Community Events
- Organizing neighborhood parties or discussing local issues: 'Wir möchten die Nachbarn zum Grillen einladen.' (We would like to invite the neighbors for a barbecue.)
- Asking for Favors
- Needing help with something: 'Könnten Sie bitte meinem Nachbarn ausrichten, dass ich später komme?' (Could you please tell my neighbor that I will be later?)
Mein Nachbar hat mir bei der Reparatur geholfen.
You might also hear it in news reports or discussions about urban planning or community issues. For example, a news segment might discuss how to improve relations between 'die Nachbarn' in a particular district.
Der Nachbar beschwert sich über den Lärm.
- Formal vs. Informal
- In formal settings, you might hear 'mein Herr Nachbar' (my esteemed neighbor), though this is less common in modern everyday speech. Informally, it's simply 'mein Nachbar'.
- Media
- In German TV shows or movies, characters often refer to their neighbors, providing excellent listening practice.
Avoiding Pitfalls with 'der Nachbar'
While 'der Nachbar' is a straightforward word, learners can sometimes make errors, primarily related to gender, case, and the distinction between singular and plural forms. Understanding these common mistakes will help you use the word more accurately.
- Mistake 1: Gender Confusion
- Using 'der Nachbar' for a female neighbor or vice versa. Remember: 'der Nachbar' is male, 'die Nachbarin' is female.
- Mistake 2: Incorrect Pluralization
- Using the singular 'Nachbar' when referring to more than one neighbor. The plural is 'die Nachbarn'.
- Mistake 3: Case Errors
- Failing to change the article ('der', 'den', 'dem') and adjective endings when 'Nachbar' is not the subject of the sentence. For example, saying 'Ich helfe der Nachbar' instead of 'Ich helfe dem Nachbarn'.
Incorrect: Ich sehe der Nachbar.
Correct: Ich sehe den Nachbarn.
Another common slip is forgetting the 'n' at the end of 'Nachbar' in certain cases (accusative, dative, genitive), especially when it's preceded by a possessive pronoun or definite article. For example, 'Mein Nachbar' is correct, but in the dative case, it becomes 'meinem Nachbarn'.
Incorrect: Das Geschenk ist für mein Nachbar.
Correct: Das Geschenk ist für meinen Nachbarn.
- Overgeneralization
- Sometimes learners might try to apply English pluralization rules or forget that German nouns have grammatical gender.
Exploring Neighbors: Synonyms and Related Terms
While 'der Nachbar' is the standard term for a male neighbor, German offers other ways to refer to people living nearby, depending on the context and desired nuance. Understanding these alternatives enriches your vocabulary and allows for more precise communication.
- Die Nachbarin (Female Neighbor)
- This is the direct feminine counterpart to 'der Nachbar'. It's crucial to use the correct gender-specific term when referring to a female neighbor.
- Die Nachbarn (Plural)
- This term refers to neighbors in general, or a group of neighbors that may include both males and females. It's the most common way to refer to multiple people living nearby.
- Der Anwohner (Resident)
- This is a more general term for someone who lives in a particular area or building. It doesn't necessarily imply close proximity like 'Nachbar', but rather legal residency. 'Ein Anwohner beschwerte sich über den Verkehr.' (A resident complained about the traffic.)
My neighbor is a doctor.
Mein Nachbar ist Arzt.
In specific contexts, you might encounter more descriptive terms:
- Der Hausbewohner (Housemate/House dweller)
- This term is used for someone living in the same house, particularly if it's a shared dwelling or a multi-family house. It can sometimes overlap with 'Nachbar' but focuses more on shared living space.
- Der Mitbewohner (Flatmate/Roommate)
- This specifically refers to someone you share an apartment or house with, a person you live *with* rather than just next to. 'Mein Mitbewohner ist sehr ordentlich.' (My roommate is very tidy.)
My female neighbor is a teacher.
Meine Nachbarin ist Lehrerin.
In informal settings, especially among younger people, you might hear slang terms, but for standard German, sticking to the terms above is best.
- Comparison Table
- | Term | Gender | Meaning | Proximity |
|---|---|---|---|
| der Nachbar | Masculine | Male neighbor | Immediate next door/nearby |
| die Nachbarin | Feminine | Female neighbor | Immediate next door/nearby |
| die Nachbarn | Plural | Neighbors (mixed or general) | Immediate next door/nearby |
| der Anwohner | Masculine | Resident | Lives in the area/building |
| der Mitbewohner | Masculine | Roommate/Flatmate | Shares the same living space |
How Formal Is It?
豆知識
The concept of a 'neighbor' is ancient and present in many Indo-European languages, often reflecting a similar 'near dweller' construction. For instance, the English word 'neighbor' also derives from Old English 'nēahgebūr', meaning 'near dweller'. The structure is remarkably consistent across related languages.
発音ガイド
- Pronouncing the 'ch' sound as in 'chair' (like /tʃ/). It should be a guttural sound.
- Making the 'a' sound too long or too short depending on the dialect.
- Omitting the final 'r' sound in American English, making it sound like 'Nachba'.
難易度
At A1/A2 levels, 'der Nachbar' appears in simple sentences, making it easy to understand. Its frequent use in daily life contexts aids recognition. However, understanding its declensions (case changes) can increase difficulty for intermediate learners.
Basic usage is straightforward. The main challenge lies in correctly applying articles and adjective endings based on grammatical case, which is essential for accurate writing.
Easy to pronounce and use in simple greetings or descriptions. The challenge comes with spontaneous use in complex sentences or when needing to recall correct case endings.
The word is frequently used in spoken German, making it easy to pick out once you are familiar with its sound. Context usually makes its meaning clear.
次に学ぶべきこと
前提知識
次に学ぶ
上級
知っておくべき文法
Declension of Nouns (Cases)
The word 'Nachbar' changes its ending depending on its grammatical function (case) in a sentence. For example, 'Der Nachbar' (nominative) vs. 'den Nachbarn' (accusative) vs. 'dem Nachbarn' (dative).
Grammatical Gender
'Nachbar' is a masculine noun. This affects the articles ('der', 'den', 'dem') and adjective endings used with it. The feminine form is 'die Nachbarin'.
Plural Formation
The plural of 'Nachbar' is 'Nachbarn'. When used in the plural, the article also changes, e.g., 'die Nachbarn'.
Possessive Pronouns
When using possessive pronouns like 'mein' (my), 'dein' (your), 'sein' (his), their endings also change based on the case and gender of 'Nachbar'. 'Mein Nachbar' (nominative) vs. 'meinen Nachbarn' (accusative) vs. 'meinem Nachbarn' (dative).
Prepositions and Cases
Prepositions like 'mit' (with) or 'zu' (to) require the dative case. So, you would say 'mit meinem Nachbarn' (with my neighbor) or 'zu meinem Nachbarn' (to my neighbor).
レベル別の例文
Mein Nachbar ist nett.
My neighbor is nice.
'Nachbar' is masculine, so 'mein' is used.
Der Nachbar wohnt neben mir.
The neighbor lives next to me.
Nominative case for the subject 'Der Nachbar'.
Ich sehe den Nachbarn.
I see the neighbor.
Accusative case: 'den Nachbarn'.
Der Nachbar hat einen Hund.
The neighbor has a dog.
Possession indicated by 'hat'.
Guten Tag, Herr Schmidt, Ihr Nachbar!
Good day, Mr. Schmidt, your neighbor!
Addressing someone as 'your neighbor'.
Mein Nachbar ist Arzt.
My neighbor is a doctor.
Profession without an article after 'ist'.
Der Nachbar hilft mir.
The neighbor helps me.
Verb 'helfen' takes the dative case for the person being helped.
Ist das Ihr Nachbar?
Is that your neighbor?
Question formation.
Mein Nachbar hat mir bei der Gartenarbeit geholfen.
My neighbor helped me with the gardening.
Dative case: 'mir', and with 'helfen bei'.
Wir kennen unseren Nachbarn schon seit fünf Jahren.
We have known our neighbor for five years.
Using 'seit' with the dative case.
Der Nachbar hat mir sein Werkzeug geliehen.
The neighbor lent me his tools.
Dative case for the indirect object 'mir'.
Ich habe den neuen Nachbarn noch nicht kennengelernt.
I haven't met the new neighbor yet.
Accusative case: 'den neuen Nachbarn'.
Mein Nachbar ist ein passionierter Radfahrer.
My neighbor is a passionate cyclist.
Adjective declension: 'neuen'.
Die Nachbarn organisieren ein Straßenfest.
The neighbors are organizing a street party.
Plural form 'Nachbarn'.
Ich habe meinem Nachbarn eine E-Mail geschrieben.
I wrote an email to my neighbor.
Dative case: 'meinem Nachbarn'.
Der Nachbar beschwerte sich über den Lärm.
The neighbor complained about the noise.
Verb 'sich beschweren über' + accusative.
Mein Nachbar, der im dritten Stock wohnt, ist Musiker.
My neighbor, who lives on the third floor, is a musician.
Relative clause: 'der im dritten Stock wohnt'.
Wir haben uns mit unseren Nachbarn gut verstanden.
We got along well with our neighbors.
Reflexive verb 'sich verstehen mit' + dative.
Der Nachbar hat mir angeboten, meinen Rasen zu mähen.
The neighbor offered to mow my lawn.
Infinitive clause with 'zu'.
Ich bin meinem Nachbarn für seine Hilfe sehr dankbar.
I am very grateful to my neighbor for his help.
Dative case after 'dankbar sein'.
Die Beziehung zu den Nachbarn ist mir wichtig.
The relationship with the neighbors is important to me.
Dative case after 'Beziehung zu'.
Der Nachbar warf einen besorgten Blick auf das Wetter.
The neighbor cast a worried glance at the weather.
Adjective declension: 'besorgten'.
Wir laden die Nachbarn zu unserer Einweihungsparty ein.
We are inviting the neighbors to our housewarming party.
Accusative case for the guests.
Mein Nachbar hat einen kleinen Hund, der ständig bellt.
My neighbor has a small dog that barks constantly.
Relative clause modifying 'Hund'.
Die langjährigen Nachbarn haben sich über die Baustelle nebenan beschwert.
The long-term neighbors complained about the construction site next door.
Adjective declension: 'langjährigen'. Plural accusative: 'die Baustelle'.
Er pflegte ein gutes Verhältnis zu seinem Nachbarn, obwohl sie unterschiedliche Ansichten hatten.
He maintained a good relationship with his neighbor, although they had different views.
Subordinate clause with 'obwohl'.
Die Nachbarschaftshilfe wird von vielen als unverzichtbar angesehen.
Neighborhood help is considered indispensable by many.
Passive voice: 'wird angesehen'.
Unser Nachbar, ein pensionierter Lehrer, engagiert sich ehrenamtlich im örtlichen Verein.
Our neighbor, a retired teacher, volunteers in the local association.
Apposition: 'ein pensionierter Lehrer'.
Bei Konflikten mit Nachbarn ist es ratsam, zuerst das direkte Gespräch zu suchen.
In conflicts with neighbors, it is advisable to seek direct conversation first.
Prepositional phrase: 'mit Nachbarn'.
Der Nachbar, dessen Frau kürzlich verstorben ist, wirkt sehr einsam.
The neighbor, whose wife recently passed away, seems very lonely.
Genitive relative clause: 'dessen Frau'.
Sie bat ihren Nachbarn, während ihres Urlaubs nach der Katze zu sehen.
She asked her neighbor to look after the cat during her vacation.
Indirect speech/request.
Die ständigen Ruhestörungen durch den Nachbarn führten zu einer offiziellen Beschwerde.
The constant disturbances by the neighbor led to an official complaint.
Adjective declension: 'ständigen', 'offiziellen'.
Die soziale Kohäsion in der Nachbarschaft wird durch solche Initiativen gestärkt.
Social cohesion in the neighborhood is strengthened by such initiatives.
Abstract noun: 'soziale Kohäsion'. Passive voice: 'wird gestärkt'.
Obwohl er stets bemüht war, ein guter Nachbar zu sein, konnte er die Spannungen nicht gänzlich auflösen.
Although he always tried to be a good neighbor, he could not entirely resolve the tensions.
Subordinate clause with 'obwohl', infinitive with 'zu'.
Die Symbiose zwischen den alteingesessenen und den neuzugezogenen Nachbarn war bemerkenswert.
The symbiosis between the long-established and the newly moved-in neighbors was remarkable.
Advanced vocabulary: 'Symbiose', 'alteingesessen', 'neuzugezogen'.
Er fühlte sich durch die ständigen Übergriffe seines Nachbarn stark beeinträchtigt.
He felt significantly affected by the constant encroachments of his neighbor.
Genitive case: 'seines Nachbarn'. Abstract noun: 'Übergriffe'.
Die Mediation zwischen den streitenden Nachbarn gestaltete sich äußerst schwierig.
Mediation between the feuding neighbors proved extremely difficult.
Abstract noun: 'Mediation'. Adjective declension: 'streitenden', 'äußerst'.
Trotz der anfänglichen Vorbehalte entwickelte sich eine unerwartete Freundschaft mit dem neuen Nachbarn.
Despite initial reservations, an unexpected friendship developed with the new neighbor.
Prepositional phrase: 'Trotz der anfänglichen Vorbehalte'.
Die Aufrechterhaltung eines friedlichen Miteinanders mit den Nachbarn erforderte Geduld und Kompromissbereitschaft.
Maintaining peaceful coexistence with the neighbors required patience and willingness to compromise.
Nominalization: 'Aufrechterhaltung', 'Miteinanders', 'Kompromissbereitschaft'.
Er war stets darauf bedacht, die Privatsphäre seines Nachbarn zu respektieren.
He was always careful to respect his neighbor's privacy.
Idiomatic expression: 'darauf bedacht sein'.
Die gegenseitige Abhängigkeit der Nachbarn in ländlichen Gebieten ist oft ausgeprägter als in urbanen Zentren.
The mutual interdependence of neighbors in rural areas is often more pronounced than in urban centers.
Complex comparative structures, abstract nouns.
Die subtilen Spannungen zwischen den Nachbarn eskalierten, als die Grundstücksgrenze in Frage gestellt wurde.
The subtle tensions between the neighbors escalated when the property line was called into question.
Advanced vocabulary: 'subtil', 'eskalieren', 'Grundstücksgrenze'.
Er wurde von seinen Nachbarn als eine Integrationsfigur wahrgenommen, die Brücken zwischen verschiedenen Kulturen schlug.
He was perceived by his neighbors as an integrating figure who built bridges between different cultures.
Passive voice, metaphorical language: 'Integrationsfigur', 'Brücken schlagen'.
Die Nachbarschaftsstreitigkeiten, die sich über Jahre hingezogen hatten, fanden schließlich durch eine gerichtliche Einigung ein Ende.
The neighborhood disputes, which had dragged on for years, finally ended through a legal settlement.
Complex sentence structure, idiomatic phrases: 'sich hinziehen', 'gerichtliche Einigung'.
Die Anonymität der Großstadt birgt die Gefahr, dass Nachbarn sich kaum noch kennen.
The anonymity of the big city carries the risk that neighbors hardly know each other anymore.
Abstract concepts: 'Anonymität', 'Gefahr'.
Sein Engagement für die Gemeinschaft und seine Hilfsbereitschaft gegenüber jedem Nachbarn machten ihn zu einer respektierten Persönlichkeit.
His commitment to the community and his willingness to help every neighbor made him a respected personality.
Complex noun phrases, strong adjectives.
Die Wahrung der Hausordnung oblag nicht nur den Mietern, sondern auch deren Nachbarn.
The observance of the house rules was incumbent not only on the tenants but also on their neighbors.
Formal vocabulary: 'Wahrung', 'oblag'.
Ein jeder Nachbar fühlte sich verpflichtet, zur Sicherheit und zum Wohlbefinden der gesamten Wohnanlage beizutragen.
Every neighbor felt obligated to contribute to the safety and well-being of the entire residential complex.
Pronoun usage: 'Ein jeder'. Abstract nouns: 'Wohlbefinden', 'Wohnanlage'.
類義語
反対語
よく使う組み合わせ
よく使うフレーズ
— My neighbor (masculine). Used when referring to your own male neighbor.
Mein Nachbar hat mir geholfen.
— The neighbor from next door. Emphasizes immediate proximity.
Der Nachbar von nebenan ist sehr ruhig.
— A somewhat formal or polite greeting to a neighbor, often used playfully or if the name is unknown.
Guten Tag, Herr Nachbar! Wie geht es Ihnen?
— The neighbors (plural). Used for multiple neighbors or neighbors in general.
Die Nachbarn feiern heute Abend.
— I help my neighbor (masculine). Shows an act of assistance.
Ich helfe meinem Nachbarn beim Tragen.
— We are neighbors. States the relationship between two or more people.
Wir sind Nachbarn im selben Haus.
— My neighbor is... Used to describe the neighbor's profession, characteristic, etc.
Mein Nachbar ist ein begeisterter Gärtner.
— I see the neighbor (masculine). Using the accusative case.
Ich sehe den Nachbarn im Garten.
— Ask your neighbor (masculine). Giving advice or instruction.
Frag deinen Nachbarn, ob er Zeit hat.
よく混同される語
This is the feminine form for a female neighbor. Confusing 'der Nachbar' and 'die Nachbarin' is a common mistake related to gender.
This is the plural form. Using the singular 'Nachbar' when referring to multiple people is incorrect.
While related, 'Anwohner' means 'resident' and is more general. 'Nachbar' specifically implies proximity, usually immediate adjacency.
慣用句と表現
— Literally: The neighbor's cat doesn't eat dirt. This idiom implies that people are usually careful with what belongs to others or that things are not as bad as they seem, or that someone is being overly cautious about something minor.
Du machst dir Sorgen um so eine Kleinigkeit? Nachbars Katze frisst keinen Dreck.
Colloquial— One should not envy their neighbor. This is a moral saying advising against jealousy of what others possess or achieve.
Er hat ein schönes Haus, aber man soll seinen Nachbarn nicht beneiden.
Proverbial— Literally: The neighbor's rascal doesn't eat kale. Similar to the cat idiom, it suggests that someone is being selective or particular, or that a situation isn't as dire as presented.
Sie will das nicht essen? Nachbars Lummel frisst keinen Grünkohl.
Colloquial/Regional— To outdo or surpass one's neighbor, often in terms of possessions, achievements, or social standing. It implies competition.
Er versucht immer, seine Nachbarn auszustechen.
Informal— One's neighbor is their mirror. This suggests that observing and understanding your neighbor can reveal things about yourself or provide insights.
Manchmal lernt man viel über sich selbst, wenn man seinen Nachbarn beobachtet; sein Nachbar ist sein Spiegel.
Philosophical— A good neighborly relationship. This is a common phrase describing positive interactions and harmony between people living near each other.
Ein gutes Nachbarschaftsverhältnis ist wichtig für das Wohlbefinden.
Neutral— To be at odds with one's neighbor; to have a dispute or disagreement.
Seit dem Streit um den Zaun sind sie mit dem Nachbarn über Kreuz.
Colloquial— The neighbor from next door is a philistine/bourgeois. 'Spießer' is a derogatory term for someone perceived as conventional, narrow-minded, and overly concerned with material possessions and social norms.
Er regt sich über jede Kleinigkeit auf, der Nachbar von nebenan ist ein echter Spießer.
Informal/Derogatory— The neighbor knocks on the door. A very common and literal phrase indicating a neighbor's arrival or request.
Plötzlich klopft der Nachbar an die Tür.
Neutral— To keep an eye on the neighbor. This can mean to watch them out of suspicion or concern, or simply to be aware of their activities.
In dieser Gegend ist es ratsam, seine Nachbarn im Auge zu behalten.
Informal間違えやすい
Both refer to neighbors, but differ in gender.
'Der Nachbar' is exclusively masculine, referring to a male neighbor. 'Die Nachbarin' is exclusively feminine, referring to a female neighbor. The choice depends entirely on the gender of the person being described.
Mein Nachbar ist Ingenieur. Meine Nachbarin ist Ärztin.
Both refer to people living nearby.
'Der Nachbar' is singular and masculine. 'Die Nachbarn' is the plural form, used for two or more neighbors, or when the group includes both males and females. It's also used generically for 'neighbors'.
Ich kenne meinen Nachbarn gut. Ich kenne meine Nachbarn gut.
Both relate to people living in an area.
'Der Nachbar' implies immediate proximity, typically living next door or in the same building. 'Der Anwohner' is a broader term for anyone residing in a specific area or district, regardless of how close their dwelling is.
Der Nachbar hilft mir beim Tragen. Der Anwohner beschwert sich über den Verkehr.
Both relate to people living in close proximity.
'Der Nachbar' lives next door or nearby. 'Der Mitbewohner' lives *with* you in the same apartment or house. They share the same living space.
Mein Nachbar ist nett. Mein Mitbewohner ist mein Freund.
Both use the root 'Nachbar'.
'Der Nachbar' refers to a person living nearby. 'Das Nachbarland' refers to a country that borders your own country. It's a geographical term, not a personal one.
Deutschland hat viele Nachbarländer. Mein Nachbar hat eine neue Katze.
文型パターン
Der Nachbar + ist + Adjektiv.
Der Nachbar ist freundlich.
Mein Nachbar + hat + Nomen.
Mein Nachbar hat ein Auto.
Ich helfe dem Nachbarn.
Ich helfe dem Nachbarn bei der Arbeit.
Ich sehe den Nachbarn.
Ich sehe den Nachbarn im Garten.
Der Nachbar, der + Verb, ...
Der Nachbar, der neben uns wohnt, ist Musiker.
Ich bin + Dativ + dankbar.
Ich bin meinem Nachbarn dankbar.
Die Nachbarn + haben + Nomen.
Die Nachbarn haben eine Katze.
Mit dem Nachbarn + Verb.
Mit dem Nachbarn habe ich gesprochen.
語族
名詞
動詞
形容詞
関連
使い方
Very High
-
Using 'der Nachbar' for a female neighbor.
→
die Nachbarin
German nouns have grammatical gender. 'Der Nachbar' is masculine, referring specifically to a male neighbor. 'Die Nachbarin' is the correct term for a female neighbor.
-
Using the singular 'Nachbar' when referring to multiple neighbors.
→
die Nachbarn
The plural form is essential when talking about more than one neighbor, or neighbors in general. Forgetting to pluralize is a common error.
-
Incorrect article usage in different cases (e.g., 'Ich sehe der Nachbar').
→
Ich sehe den Nachbarn.
German nouns change their articles based on their grammatical case. 'Der Nachbar' is nominative (subject), but when it's the direct object (accusative), the article becomes 'den', and the noun often takes an '-n' ending.
-
Forgetting the '-n' ending in dative or genitive singular.
→
Ich helfe meinem Nachbarn.
In the dative and genitive singular cases, masculine nouns like 'Nachbar' often take an '-n' ending, especially after possessive pronouns or definite articles. Saying 'meinem Nachbar' is incorrect.
-
Confusing 'Nachbar' with 'Anwohner' or 'Mitbewohner'.
→
Use the correct term based on proximity and living arrangement.
'Nachbar' implies immediate proximity (next door). 'Anwohner' means resident (broader area). 'Mitbewohner' means roommate (sharing the same dwelling). Using them interchangeably can cause confusion.
ヒント
Master the Cases
The most crucial aspect of using 'der Nachbar' correctly is understanding German cases. Pay close attention to how the article ('der', 'den', 'dem') and the noun's ending change depending on whether the neighbor is the subject (nominative), direct object (accusative), or indirect object (dative).
Distinguish Genders
Always remember that 'der Nachbar' is masculine. Use 'die Nachbarin' for a female neighbor. This gender distinction is fundamental in German grammar and communication.
Listen and Repeat
Listen to native German speakers using the word 'Nachbar' in various contexts. Try to imitate their pronunciation and intonation. Repeating sentences aloud helps solidify the word in your memory and improves fluency.
Observe Real-Life Usage
Pay attention to how people talk about their neighbors in German movies, TV shows, or podcasts. Understanding the context in which 'Nachbar' is used will provide valuable insights into its nuances and common collocations.
Create Associations
Link the word 'Nachbar' to a visual image or a personal experience. For example, imagine a specific neighbor or create a short story involving a neighbor. The more personal the connection, the easier it will be to recall.
Use the Plural Correctly
When referring to more than one neighbor, or neighbors in general, use the plural form 'die Nachbarn'. Forgetting to pluralize can lead to misunderstandings.
Practice the 'ch' Sound
The 'ch' sound in 'Nachbar' is a guttural sound made in the back of the throat. Practice this sound separately and then incorporate it into the full word to avoid mispronunciation.
Write Sentences
Actively write your own sentences using 'der Nachbar'. Start with simple sentences and gradually progress to more complex ones, incorporating different cases and prepositions. This reinforces grammatical rules.
Compare with Related Words
Understand the differences between 'Nachbar', 'Nachbarin', 'Nachbarn', 'Anwohner', and 'Mitbewohner'. Knowing these distinctions allows for more precise and accurate vocabulary use.
Regular Review
Consistently review the word 'der Nachbar' along with its forms and related vocabulary. Regular exposure and practice are key to long-term retention and confident usage.
暗記しよう
記憶術
Imagine a man named 'Bar' who lives right next door to you. He's your 'Nach-bar' (Near-Bar). Every time you think of 'Nachbar', picture this friendly man, Bar, living right beside you.
視覚的連想
Picture a house with a fence. On one side of the fence is your house, and on the other side is another house with a man standing in the doorway, waving. Label the man 'Nachbar'.
Word Web
チャレンジ
Try to describe your actual neighbors (if you have any) using the word 'Nachbar' or 'Nachbarin' in German sentences. If you don't have neighbors, imagine you do and describe them.
語源
The word 'Nachbar' is of Germanic origin. It can be traced back to Old High German 'nahgibur' and Proto-Germanic '*nahugibōras'. The word is composed of two parts: 'nah' meaning 'near' and 'gibur' meaning 'dweller' or 'inhabitant'. Thus, its literal meaning is 'near dweller'.
元の意味： Near dweller.
Germanic文化的な背景
It's important to be mindful of the gender distinction. Using 'der Nachbar' for a woman would be incorrect. Also, depending on the context and level of formality, using overly familiar terms might be inappropriate. Generally, politeness and respect are key when referring to or interacting with neighbors.
In English-speaking countries, the term 'neighbor' is gender-neutral. While the concept is similar, the grammatical distinction present in German ('der Nachbar' vs. 'die Nachbarin') is absent.
実生活で練習する
実際の使用場面
Introducing yourself in a new neighborhood.
- Hallo, ich bin Ihr neuer Nachbar.
- Mein Name ist [Name]. Ich bin Ihr Nachbar von nebenan.
- Ich wollte mich kurz vorstellen. Ich bin Ihr neuer Nachbar.
Asking for a small favor.
- Können Sie meinem Nachbarn ausrichten, dass ich später komme?
- Mein Nachbar braucht Hilfe mit seinem Auto.
- Kann ich bitte Ihren Nachbarn fragen, ob er kurz vorbeikommen kann?
Describing your neighbors.
- Mein Nachbar ist sehr nett.
- Der Nachbar von oben macht viel Lärm.
- Wir haben gute Nachbarn.
Discussing neighborhood events.
- Die Nachbarn organisieren ein Fest.
- Wir laden die Nachbarn ein.
- Die Nachbarschaft hilft zusammen.
Complaining or discussing issues.
- Der Nachbar beschwert sich.
- Die Nachbarn sind laut.
- Mein Nachbar hat ein Problem.
会話のきっかけ
"Haben Sie einen guten Draht zu Ihren Nachbarn?"
"Was ist das Wichtigste an einem guten Nachbarn?"
"Was würden Sie tun, wenn Ihr Nachbar ständig Lärm macht?"
"Gibt es in Ihrer Nachbarschaft oft Feste oder Treffen?"
"Wie wichtig ist Ihnen die Gemeinschaft in Ihrer Wohngegend?"
日記のテーマ
Beschreiben Sie Ihren Nachbarn (oder stellen Sie sich einen vor). Wie ist er? Was macht er gerne?
Was sind die Vorteile davon, gute Nachbarn zu haben?
Welche möglichen Probleme könnte es mit Nachbarn geben und wie könnte man sie lösen?
Stellen Sie sich vor, Sie ziehen in eine neue Stadt. Was würden Sie tun, um Ihre Nachbarn kennenzulernen?
Wie wichtig ist es Ihnen, dass Ihre Nachbarn Ihre Privatsphäre respektieren?
よくある質問
10 問Yes, 'der Nachbar' specifically refers to a male neighbor. If you are talking about a female neighbor, you must use 'die Nachbarin'. If you are referring to neighbors in general or a group of neighbors that includes both men and women, you use the plural form 'die Nachbarn'.
The plural of 'der Nachbar' is 'die Nachbarn'. This form is used when referring to more than one neighbor, or when referring to neighbors collectively without specifying gender or number.
You use it like any other noun. For example, as the subject: 'Der Nachbar ist nett.' (The neighbor is nice.) As the direct object (accusative): 'Ich sehe den Nachbarn.' (I see the neighbor.) As an indirect object (dative): 'Ich helfe dem Nachbarn.' (I help the neighbor.) Remember to adjust the article and adjective endings based on the case.
'Der Nachbar' refers to someone living immediately next door or very close by, implying a certain level of proximity and potential interaction. 'Der Anwohner' is a broader term for a resident of an area or building, without the specific implication of immediate adjacency.
Yes, absolutely. Someone living in the same building, even on a different floor, is typically considered your 'Nachbar' or 'Nachbarin'. The term emphasizes proximity within the same residential structure or immediate vicinity.
If you don't know the gender or are referring to neighbors generally, use the plural form 'die Nachbarn'. If you are referring to a single neighbor and are unsure of the gender, it's often best to ask or use a more general term if appropriate, but typically you'd use the masculine form 'der Nachbar' if you have to guess or if it's a group context where one male is present.
Generally, 'Nachbar' is a neutral term. However, like in any language, context matters. Discussions about 'streitende Nachbarn' (feuding neighbors) or 'lärmende Nachbarn' (noisy neighbors) highlight negative situations. The word itself is neutral, but the circumstances surrounding neighbors can be positive or negative.
You would use the genitive case. For a male neighbor: 'das Haus meines Nachbarn'. For a female neighbor: 'das Haus meiner Nachbarin'. For multiple neighbors: 'das Haus unserer Nachbarn'.
Yes, a significant difference. 'Der Nachbar' lives next door or nearby. 'Der Mitbewohner' is someone you share the same living space with, like a roommate or flatmate.
Common phrases include 'Mein Nachbar ist...', 'Der Nachbar hilft mir.', 'Wir sind Nachbarn.', and 'Die Nachbarn organisieren...'. Listening to native speakers will expose you to many more.
自分をテスト 10 問
/ 10 correct
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Summary
Der Nachbar is the German word for a male neighbor. It's a fundamental term for describing people in your immediate residential area and requires attention to grammatical gender and case when used in sentences.
- Der Nachbar: male neighbor, a person living next door or nearby.
- Key usage: Describing people in your immediate vicinity.
- Grammar: Masculine noun, requires specific articles and case endings.
- Important distinction: Use 'die Nachbarin' for a female neighbor.
Master the Cases
The most crucial aspect of using 'der Nachbar' correctly is understanding German cases. Pay close attention to how the article ('der', 'den', 'dem') and the noun's ending change depending on whether the neighbor is the subject (nominative), direct object (accusative), or indirect object (dative).
Distinguish Genders
Always remember that 'der Nachbar' is masculine. Use 'die Nachbarin' for a female neighbor. This gender distinction is fundamental in German grammar and communication.
Listen and Repeat
Listen to native German speakers using the word 'Nachbar' in various contexts. Try to imitate their pronunciation and intonation. Repeating sentences aloud helps solidify the word in your memory and improves fluency.
Observe Real-Life Usage
Pay attention to how people talk about their neighbors in German movies, TV shows, or podcasts. Understanding the context in which 'Nachbar' is used will provide valuable insights into its nuances and common collocations.
例文
Unser Nachbar ist sehr freundlich.
関連コンテンツ
societyの関連語
Aktivist
A2活動家は、政治的または社会的な変化のために働く人です。
Amt
A2役所や公的機関。彼は昨日、市長としての新しい職務に就きました。
Arbeitslosigkeit
A2失業 (しつぎょう)。仕事がない状態。
Armut
A2貧困とは、基本的な生活ニーズを満たすための資金や資源が不足している状態です。
ausgrenzen
B1ある人をグループや社会から除外したり、のけ者にしたりすること。
begegnen
A2偶然、計画せずに誰かや何かに会う、遭遇する。
begleiten
A2同行する
Behörde
A2政府機関または公的権威。新しい住所を登録するために役所（Behörde）に行かなければなりません。
Beitrag
B1組合や保険に定期的に支払う金額（会費・保険料）。
beitragen
A2目的やグループのために、時間やお金などを提供して助けること。
