A2 · 初中級 チャプター 11

The Past: Perfect and Review

1 トータルルール
4 例文
1 分
このチャプターのルール クイック練習

Chapter in 30 Seconds

Master the art of storytelling by sequencing past events with precision and clarity.

  • Identify the difference between past and past perfect actions.
  • Construct sentences using 'had' plus the past participle.
  • Review and contrast simple past, past continuous, and past perfect.
Connect your past stories like a pro.

学べること

Go deeper into the past: learn the past perfect for events before other past events, and review all past tenses together so you can choose the right one.

Learning Objectives

By the end of this chapter, you will be able to:

  1. 1
    By the end you will be able to: Use the past perfect to describe an event that happened before another action in the past.

重要な例文 (2)

1

When I arrived, they had already started dinner.

Past Perfect: What Had Happened Before?
2

She had studied French before she moved to Paris.

Past Perfect: What Had Happened Before?

ヒントとコツ (1)

💡

Use 'already'

Adding 'already' makes the Past Perfect sound more natural.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Past Perfect: What Had Happened Before?

重要な語彙 (5)

already before now or a specific time by the time at the moment that forgotten past participle of forget arrived past tense of arrive missed past tense of miss

Real-World Preview

train

Missing the Train

Review Summary

  • Subject + had + past participle

よくある間違い

Use 'had' for past events, not 'have', which is for the present.

Wrong: I have gone to the store before he arrived.
正解: I had gone to the store before he arrived.

The past perfect always requires the past participle (eaten), not the base form.

Wrong: She had eat the cake.
正解: She had eaten the cake.

Keep the sequence simple; use the simple past for the second action.

Wrong: I had arrived before he was coming.
正解: I had arrived before he came.

Next Steps

You have mastered the past! Keep that momentum going as we head into the future.

Write a short summary of a movie you saw recently.

Continue to: The Future: Arrangements and Predictions

クイック練習 (3)

Find the error.

Find and fix the mistake:

I had go to the store.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: I had gone
Need V3.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Past Perfect: What Had Happened Before?

Fill in the blank.

By the time I arrived, he ___ (leave).

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: had left
Sequence requires Past Perfect.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Past Perfect: What Had Happened Before?

Choose the correct sentence.

Which is correct?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: I had already eaten.
Adverb placement.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Past Perfect: What Had Happened Before?

Score: /3

よくある質問 (2)

No, it needs a reference point in the past.
Yes, it is the auxiliary verb for this tense.
前のチャプター
Present Tenses: Simple, Continuous and Perfect
次のチャプター
The Future: Arrangements and Predictions
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