bruise 30秒で
- A bruise is a dark mark on the skin from injury.
- It can also mean damaged fruit or hurt feelings.
- Common in sports, accidents, and talking about emotions.
- The verb 'to bruise' means to cause a bruise.
- Physical Injury
- A bruise, in its most common sense, refers to a physical injury to the body that causes discoloration of the skin. This happens when small blood vessels beneath the skin are damaged, often from a bump or impact, leading to blood leaking into the surrounding tissues. The characteristic dark blue, purple, or black appearance is the result of this trapped blood. These are typically minor injuries that heal on their own, but they can be painful and tender to the touch. People often use the word 'bruise' when describing the aftermath of an accident, a fall, or even a sports-related incident. For example, 'He fell off his bike and got a nasty bruise on his knee.' The severity can vary; a light bump might cause a small, faint bruise, while a more significant impact could result in a larger, more painful one.
- Damage to Fruit
- Beyond human injuries, the term 'bruise' is also commonly applied to fruits and vegetables. When produce is handled roughly, dropped, or subjected to pressure, it can develop soft, discolored spots. These areas are referred to as bruises, indicating that the cells within the fruit have been damaged. A bruised apple, for instance, might have a soft, brown patch that is less appealing to eat and can eventually lead to rotting. This usage highlights the idea of damage to a surface without breaking it, similar to a skin bruise.
- Metaphorical Injury
- The word 'bruise' extends metaphorically to describe damage to a person's emotional state, pride, or reputation. In this context, it signifies an emotional wound or a blow to one's self-esteem. When someone's feelings are hurt, or their ego is damaged, it can be described as being 'bruised.' This usage implies a less visible but equally impactful form of injury. For example, a harsh criticism might 'bruise someone's ego,' or a public humiliation could 'bruise their reputation.' This metaphorical application acknowledges that emotional pain can be as real and significant as physical pain, even though it doesn't leave a visible mark. It suggests a lasting negative impact on how someone feels about themselves or how others perceive them. The idea is that something has been dented or damaged, making it less perfect or whole than it was before.
A fall from the stairs left a large, painful bruise on his leg.
Be careful not to bruise the delicate berries when picking them.
His arrogant comment was intended to bruise her confidence.
- Describing Physical Injuries
- The most straightforward use of 'bruise' is to describe the mark left by a physical impact. This can involve describing the injury itself or the cause of it. You might talk about the color, size, or tenderness of a bruise. For instance, 'The impact left a deep purple bruise on his shin that was very sore.' You can also use it to explain how the injury occurred: 'She stumbled on the rug and got a nasty bruise on her hip.' In medical contexts, doctors might refer to 'contusions,' which is a more formal term for bruises. However, in everyday conversation, 'bruise' is the standard word. The verb form, 'to bruise,' is used when an action causes the injury: 'The child fell and bruised his knee badly.' This usage is prevalent in discussions about accidents, sports, and any situation where physical contact is involved.
- Referring to Damaged Produce
- When discussing fruits and vegetables, 'bruise' signifies damage that affects the texture and appearance. This is particularly relevant in grocery shopping, cooking, and food storage. For example, 'Inspect the peaches carefully; you don't want any bruises.' Or, 'The apples were bruised from being stacked too high.' This usage is crucial for understanding food quality and preventing waste. A bruised banana might still be edible in a smoothie, but a bruised strawberry is often discarded. The verb form is also used here: 'If you handle the tomatoes too roughly, you'll bruise them.' This application is common in agricultural settings, markets, and home kitchens.
- Expressing Emotional or Reputational Harm
- The metaphorical use of 'bruise' is powerful for conveying emotional or psychological damage. It implies a wound to pride, self-esteem, or reputation that may not be visible but is deeply felt. 'His harsh criticism left her feeling emotionally bruised.' 'The scandal deeply bruised the company's reputation.' This usage is common in literature, psychology, and everyday conversations about personal experiences. It suggests a lingering negative effect, a dent in one's confidence or public image. The verb form can also be used: 'Don't say that; you'll bruise his ego.' This metaphorical sense allows for a nuanced expression of hurt and damage that goes beyond the physical. It emphasizes the vulnerability of people's feelings and their public standing.
The clumsy waiter managed to bruise several glasses while clearing the table.
After the public argument, his reputation was severely bruised.
She accidentally bruised the ripe mango by pressing too hard.
- Healthcare Settings
- In hospitals, doctor's offices, and emergency rooms, the word 'bruise' is used frequently. Doctors will ask patients about injuries, and 'bruise' is a common term to describe the visible signs of trauma. Patients might say, 'I have a large bruise on my arm from the fall,' or a nurse might note, 'The patient presented with multiple bruises.' It's also used in discussions about medical procedures, such as blood draws or injections, where minor bruising can sometimes occur as a side effect. The medical term 'contusion' is often used in formal reports, but 'bruise' is universally understood and used in patient communication.
- Sports and Athletics
- The world of sports is rife with opportunities for bruising! Athletes, coaches, and commentators regularly use the word. A football player might get 'a nasty bruise on his thigh' after a tackle, or a basketball player might experience 'a bruise on their ankle' from landing awkwardly. Discussions about injuries often involve the severity and location of bruises. For example, 'He's playing through the pain, but he's got a significant bruise on his shoulder.' Even in sports reporting, the term is common: 'The team is hoping the star player's bruise doesn't prevent him from playing in the next game.'
- Grocery Stores and Markets
- When you're shopping for fruits and vegetables, the condition of the produce is often described using 'bruise.' Shoppers might be looking for produce that is 'free from bruises,' and grocery store employees are trained to identify and remove bruised items. 'Be careful not to bruise the soft fruits like berries and peaches when packing them,' is common advice. This usage is practical and directly relates to the quality and edibility of food.
- Conversations about Personal Experiences
- In everyday conversations, people use 'bruise' to describe minor accidents and their consequences. 'I bumped into the door and now I have a huge bruise on my forehead.' 'My child fell off the swing and got a bruise on his knee.' The metaphorical use also appears frequently when discussing interpersonal relationships or professional setbacks. 'His ego was bruised by the rejection,' or 'The public criticism left her feeling bruised.' This demonstrates the word's versatility in capturing both physical and emotional impact.
- Parenting and Childcare
- Parents often use 'bruise' when talking to or about their children's minor injuries. 'Oh, you got a bruise? Let's put a cold compress on it.' 'Be careful not to bruise your little brother's arm.' It's a common and understandable term for parents to use when explaining minor bumps and falls to their children, helping them understand what happened and how to care for themselves.
The coach was worried that the player's knee bruise might affect his performance in the championship game.
The shopper carefully examined the apples, looking for any signs of a bruise or soft spot.
After the job interview, she felt her confidence had been bruised by the interviewer's pointed questions.
- Confusing Noun and Verb Forms
- A frequent mistake is using the noun form 'bruise' when the verb form 'to bruise' is needed, or vice versa. For example, saying 'He bruise his leg' is incorrect; it should be 'He bruised his leg' (verb). Conversely, saying 'He has to bruise his leg' when referring to the mark itself is also incorrect; it should be 'He has a bruise on his leg' (noun). The verb 'to bruise' implies an action that causes the injury, while the noun 'bruise' refers to the resulting mark or damage.
- Overusing 'Bruise' for Minor Scratches
- 'Bruise' specifically refers to damage beneath the skin's surface where blood vessels break, causing discoloration. It is not typically used for superficial cuts or abrasions where the skin is broken. Someone might mistakenly say, 'I got a bruise from the paper cut,' when 'scratch' or 'cut' would be more accurate. A bruise involves subcutaneous bleeding, whereas a scratch is a surface-level injury.
- Misapplication in Metaphorical Contexts
- While 'bruise' is effectively used metaphorically for emotional or reputational harm, learners might sometimes use it for less severe or fleeting negative feelings. For instance, calling a momentary feeling of disappointment a 'bruise' might be an overstatement. The term implies a more significant, lasting impact, akin to a physical injury that takes time to heal. Using it for very minor emotional bumps might dilute its impact.
- Confusing with 'Black Eye' or 'Cut'
- A 'black eye' is a specific type of severe bruise around the eye, characterized by swelling and dark discoloration. While it is a bruise, using the general term 'bruise' might not convey the specific severity of a black eye. Similarly, confusing a bruise with a cut is a mistake. A cut involves a break in the skin, whereas a bruise is the result of internal bleeding without an open wound.
Incorrect: 'The fall gave him a bad bruise on his head.' Correct: 'The fall gave him a bad bruise on his head.' (Using the noun correctly)
Incorrect: 'Be careful not to bruise the skin.' (If referring to a scratch) Correct: 'Be careful not to scratch the skin.' (Using the appropriate term for a surface wound)
Incorrect: 'His feelings were a little bruised after the comment.' (If the feeling was fleeting) A better choice might be: 'His feelings were slightly hurt after the comment.' (Using 'bruised' for more significant emotional impact).
- Contusion
- Meaning: A bruise, especially one resulting from a blow that does not break the skin.
Usage: 'Contusion' is a more formal, often medical, term for a bruise. While 'bruise' is common in everyday language, 'contusion' is found in medical reports, scientific literature, and legal documents.
Example: 'The X-ray revealed no fractures, only a significant contusion to the muscle.'
Comparison: 'Bruise' is the general term; 'contusion' is more specific and formal. - Abrasion
- Meaning: An area damaged by scraping or wearing away.
Usage: Used for injuries where the skin's surface is worn off, like a scrape or a graze. It is distinct from a bruise, which involves internal bleeding without breaking the skin.
Example: 'He fell off his skateboard and got an abrasion on his knee and elbow.'
Comparison: An abrasion is a surface wound, while a bruise is an internal injury without a broken surface. - Laceration
- Meaning: A deep cut or tear in the skin or flesh.
Usage: This term is used for injuries where the skin is significantly torn or cut open. It implies a more severe wound than a bruise or abrasion, often requiring stitches.
Example: 'The accident resulted in a severe laceration to his arm.'
Comparison: A laceration is an open wound, whereas a bruise is a closed wound with internal bleeding. - Wound
- Meaning: An injury, typically one in which the skin is broken.
Usage: A general term that can encompass bruises, cuts, abrasions, and lacerations. It refers to any damage to the body.
Example: 'The doctor cleaned and dressed the wound carefully.'
Comparison: 'Wound' is a broad term; 'bruise' is a specific type of wound. - Emotional Scar
- Meaning: A lasting negative effect on someone's emotional state or psyche, often resulting from a traumatic experience.
Usage: This is a metaphorical alternative to the metaphorical use of 'bruise.' It implies a deeper, more psychological wound.
Example: 'The childhood trauma left him with deep emotional scars.'
Comparison: 'Emotional scar' suggests a more profound and long-term psychological impact than a 'bruised' ego or reputation.
A doctor might diagnose a contusion of the tibia, which in simpler terms is a bruise on the shin bone.
When you slide on the pavement, you get an abrasion, not necessarily a bruise, as the skin is scraped away.
A deep cut from a knife is a laceration, which is very different from a bruise caused by a blunt impact.
How Formal Is It?
豆知識
The verb 'bruise' and the noun 'bruise' share the same origin and form. This is common in English where a verb can easily become a noun representing the action or result of that verb. The evolution from 'to press/crush' to 'a mark from pressing/crushing' is a clear semantic development.
発音ガイド
- Pronouncing the 'oo' sound as short, like in 'book'.
- Pronouncing the final 's' as an unvoiced /s/ sound, like in 'bus'.
- Adding an extra syllable or misplacing the stress.
難易度
The word 'bruise' itself is relatively straightforward, especially in its physical sense. However, understanding its metaphorical applications for emotional states or reputation requires a higher level of comprehension. Recognizing the nuances between 'bruise,' 'wound,' and 'scar' in figurative language can also present a challenge.
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知っておくべき文法
Past Simple for completed actions in the past.
He fell and **bruised** his arm.
Present Perfect for current states resulting from past actions.
She **has a bruise** on her leg from the accident.
Modal verbs (can, might) for possibility.
These berries **can bruise** easily.
Gerunds after prepositions and certain verbs.
Avoid **bruising** the delicate fruit.
Metaphorical use in passive voice.
His ego **was bruised** by the criticism.
レベル別の例文
I have a blue bruise on my leg.
Tengo un moretón azul en mi pierna.
The ball hit my arm, and now it hurts.
La pelota golpeó mi brazo, y ahora duele.
Ouch! That was a big bump.
¡Ay! Ese fue un golpe fuerte.
The apple is soft here.
La manzana está blanda aquí.
My knee is sore.
Mi rodilla está adolorida.
It's a dark mark.
Es una marca oscura.
I fell down.
Me caí.
It hurts.
Duele.
I fell off my bike and got a bad bruise on my knee.
Me caí de mi bicicleta y me salió un moretón feo en la rodilla.
Past simple tense for the fall and the resulting bruise.
Be careful not to bruise the fruit when you pack it.
Ten cuidado de no magullar la fruta cuando la empaques.
Imperative verb 'bruise' used for caution.
He bumped into the table and now has a bruise on his shin.
Chocó contra la mesa y ahora tiene un moretón en la espinilla.
Present perfect tense for the current state of having a bruise.
The impact left a dark mark on her arm.
El impacto dejó una marca oscura en su brazo.
Past simple tense for the action and its result.
This apple has a soft spot; it's bruised.
Esta manzana tiene una parte blanda; está magullada.
Present tense to describe the current condition of the apple.
The game was rough, and several players got bruised.
El partido fue rudo, y varios jugadores se magullaron.
Past simple tense for the game and the resulting bruises.
Don't squeeze it too hard, or you'll bruise it.
No lo aprietes muy fuerte, o lo magullarás.
Conditional sentence structure to explain consequences.
The fall left a painful bruise.
La caída dejó un moretón doloroso.
Past simple tense for the event and its outcome.
After the accident, he had a large, discolored bruise on his thigh.
Después del accidente, tenía un moretón grande y descolorido en el muslo.
Past tense to describe a past event and its consequence.
The delicate berries can easily bruise if handled roughly.
Las bayas delicadas se pueden magullar fácilmente si se manipulan bruscamente.
Modal verb 'can' to indicate possibility and 'easily' to emphasize vulnerability.
His pride was bruised when his idea was rejected without consideration.
Su orgullo resultó herido cuando su idea fue rechazada sin consideración.
Metaphorical use of 'bruised' to describe emotional injury.
You need to be gentle when peeling the skin to avoid bruising the fruit underneath.
Necesitas ser gentil al pelar la piel para evitar magullar la fruta debajo.
Gerund 'bruising' used after the preposition 'avoid'.
The constant criticism from his boss began to bruise his confidence.
Las críticas constantes de su jefe comenzaron a dañar su confianza.
Past continuous tense to describe an ongoing action that had an effect.
The soccer player suffered a deep bruise to his calf muscle during the match.
El futbolista sufrió un profundo moretón en el músculo de la pantorrilla durante el partido.
Past simple tense for the injury sustained during the match.
Even a slight knock can cause a bruise on the elderly's skin.
Incluso un ligero golpe puede causar un moretón en la piel de los ancianos.
Present simple tense to state a general fact or tendency.
The scandal definitely bruised the company's reputation in the public eye.
El escándalo definitivamente dañó la reputación de la empresa a los ojos del público.
Adverb 'definitely' emphasizes the impact on reputation.
The fall from the ladder resulted in a significant bruise that took several weeks to heal.
La caída de la escalera resultó en un hematoma considerable que tardó varias semanas en sanar.
Past simple tense for the event and the duration of healing.
Handle the ripe avocados with care; they bruise very easily.
Manipula los aguacates maduros con cuidado; se magullan muy fácilmente.
Present tense to describe a characteristic of the avocados.
His ego was severely bruised by the public criticism of his work.
Su ego resultó gravemente dañado por la crítica pública de su trabajo.
Past participle 'bruised' used in a passive construction with an adverb 'severely'.
The fruit vendor advised us to choose the apples that showed no sign of bruising.
El vendedor de frutas nos aconsejó elegir las manzanas que no mostraran signos de magulladuras.
Past simple tense for the advice given, and 'no sign of' to indicate absence.
Repeatedly being overlooked for promotions can bruise even the most resilient employee's morale.
Ser pasado por alto repetidamente para ascensos puede dañar la moral incluso del empleado más resiliente.
Present participle 'being overlooked' as the subject of the sentence, and 'can bruise' to indicate potential impact.
The coach feared that the player's recent bruise might hinder his performance in the upcoming match.
El entrenador temía que el reciente hematoma del jugador pudiera obstaculizar su rendimiento en el próximo partido.
Modal verb 'might' to express possibility regarding the hindrance.
The delicate nature of the antique vase meant it was susceptible to bruising from even slight vibrations.
La naturaleza delicada del jarrón antiguo significaba que era susceptible a magullarse por vibraciones incluso leves.
Adjective 'susceptible' followed by the gerund 'bruising'.
The political scandal left a lasting bruise on the party's reputation, affecting voter turnout for years.
El escándalo político dejó una marca duradera en la reputación del partido, afectando la participación electoral durante años.
Metaphorical use of 'bruise' to describe a long-term negative impact on reputation.
The contusion on his tibia was so severe that it threatened to impair his mobility for an extended period.
La contusión en su tibia era tan grave que amenazaba con perjudicar su movilidad durante un período prolongado.
Formal vocabulary ('contusion', 'impair', 'mobility', 'extended period') and complex sentence structure.
One must exercise extreme caution when handling these rare orchids, as their petals bruise with the slightest touch.
Se debe tener extrema precaución al manipular estas orquídeas raras, ya que sus pétalos se magullan con el más mínimo contacto.
Impersonal passive voice ('One must exercise') and advanced vocabulary ('extreme caution', 'rare orchids', 'susceptible').
The public's perception of the company was irrevocably bruised by the series of ethical transgressions.
La percepción pública de la empresa quedó irrevocablemente dañada por la serie de transgresiones éticas.
Adverb 'irrevocably' and noun 'transgressions' to convey a strong, lasting negative impact.
The fruit's susceptibility to bruising is a significant factor in its shelf life and marketability.
La susceptibilidad de la fruta a magullarse es un factor importante en su vida útil y comercialización.
Abstract nouns ('susceptibility', 'shelf life', 'marketability') and complex phrasing.
His carefully constructed public image was deeply bruised by the leaked personal correspondence.
Su imagen pública cuidadosamente construida resultó gravemente dañada por la correspondencia personal filtrada.
Complex adjective phrases ('carefully constructed public image') and strong verbs ('deeply bruised').
The athlete's persistent hamstring bruise required extensive physiotherapy to prevent long-term repercussions.
El persistente hematoma en el tendón de la corva del atleta requirió fisioterapia extensiva para prevenir repercusiones a largo plazo.
Specialized vocabulary ('persistent', 'hamstring', 'physiotherapy', 'repercussions') and passive voice.
The delicate balance of the ecosystem can be easily bruised by invasive species, leading to cascading negative effects.
El delicado equilibrio del ecosistema puede verse fácilmente dañado por especies invasoras, lo que provoca efectos negativos en cascada.
Metaphorical use of 'bruised' in an ecological context, with complex sentence structure.
The political fallout from the scandal continued to bruise the administration's credibility for months.
Las repercusiones políticas del escándalo continuaron dañando la credibilidad de la administración durante meses.
Figurative language ('political fallout', 'credibility') and past continuous tense to show ongoing damage.
The subtle subcutaneous haemorrhage, manifesting as a livid ecchymosis, was indicative of a significant blunt force trauma.
La sutil hemorragia subcutánea, manifestada como una equimosis lívida, era indicativa de un traumatismo contundente significativo.
Highly technical medical vocabulary ('subcutaneous haemorrhage', 'livid ecchymosis', 'blunt force trauma') and complex sentence structure.
The inherent fragility of the artisanal glassware meant that even the slightest mishandling could result in aesthetic imperfections, colloquially termed bruises.
La fragilidad inherente de la cristalería artesanal significaba que incluso el más mínimo manejo inadecuado podía resultar en imperfecciones estéticas, coloquialmente denominadas magulladuras.
Sophisticated vocabulary ('inherent fragility', 'artisanal glassware', 'aesthetic imperfections', 'colloquially termed') and a complex descriptive sentence.
The reputational damage inflicted by the corporate malfeasance was so profound that it left an indelible bruise upon the company's historical narrative.
El daño a la reputación infligido por la mala conducta corporativa fue tan profundo que dejó una marca indeleble en la narrativa histórica de la empresa.
Elevated vocabulary ('reputational damage', 'corporate malfeasance', 'profound', 'indelible', 'historical narrative') and strong metaphorical language.
The cultivar's pronounced sensitivity to mechanical stress necessitates meticulous harvesting techniques to preclude the development of detrimental bruises.
La pronunciada sensibilidad del cultivar al estrés mecánico requiere técnicas de cosecha meticulosas para prevenir el desarrollo de magulladuras perjudiciales.
Specialized horticultural and scientific vocabulary ('cultivar', 'pronounced sensitivity', 'mechanical stress', 'meticulous', 'preclude', 'detrimental') and precise phrasing.
His erstwhile public persona, once unassailable, was irrevocably bruised by the cascade of revelations concerning his private life.
Su antigua persona pública, una vez inexpugnable, resultó irrevocablemente dañada por la cascada de revelaciones sobre su vida privada.
Archaic and sophisticated vocabulary ('erstwhile', 'unassailable', 'irrevocably', 'cascade of revelations') and powerful metaphorical language.
The contusions sustained by the deep-sea diver were attributed to extreme hydrostatic pressure and the potential for impact with submerged debris.
Las contusiones sufridas por el buzo de aguas profundas se atribuyeron a la extrema presión hidrostática y al potencial de impacto con escombros sumergidos.
Technical scientific terms ('contusions', 'hydrostatic pressure', 'submerged debris') and complex causal relationships.
The subtle yet pervasive bruising of democratic norms within the regime threatened to erode its legitimacy entirely.
La sutil pero generalizada erosión de las normas democráticas dentro del régimen amenazaba con erosionar por completo su legitimidad.
Abstract political and sociological concepts ('democratic norms', 'regime', 'legitimacy', 'erode') used metaphorically.
The fruit's inherent tendency to bruise upon contact necessitates innovative packaging solutions that mitigate physical trauma during transit.
La tendencia inherente de la fruta a magullarse al contacto requiere soluciones de embalaje innovadoras que mitiguen el trauma físico durante el transporte.
Precise vocabulary ('inherent tendency', 'mitigate', 'transit') and a focus on practical solutions to a specific problem.
よく使う組み合わせ
よく使うフレーズ
— To sustain a bruise as a result of an injury.
I fell down the stairs and got a big bruise on my hip.
— To be currently experiencing or showing a bruise.
She has a bruise on her arm from where she bumped into the door.
— To be prone to getting bruises, often due to thin skin or delicate tissues.
My grandmother bruises easily; even a light touch can leave a mark.
— To damage someone's self-esteem or sense of importance.
His condescending remarks really bruised her ego.
— Similar to bruising someone's ego, this means to hurt their sense of dignity or self-respect.
Being passed over for the promotion bruised his pride.
— To damage the good name or standing of an individual or organization.
The allegations of fraud bruised the company's reputation.
— Fruit that has been damaged, resulting in soft or discolored spots.
I had to throw away the bruised apples before they spoiled.
— Emotional hurt or disappointment.
After the argument, he was left with bruised feelings.
— A bruise that is particularly severe, often painful and very discolored.
The impact from the fall left a deep bruise that was difficult to walk on.
— A bruise that is losing its dark color and becoming less noticeable as it heals.
The bruise on my leg is a fading yellow now.
よく混同される語
An abrasion is a scrape where the skin's surface is worn away. A bruise is internal bleeding without an open wound. You can have both from the same fall, but they are distinct injuries.
A laceration is a deep cut or tear in the skin. A bruise is a mark caused by internal bleeding, not a break in the skin.
Swelling often accompanies a bruise, but it's the puffiness or enlargement of the area due to inflammation. A bruise is the discoloration from bleeding.
慣用句と表現
— A deep emotional sorrow or hurt, often from betrayal or loss.
The betrayal left a bruise of the heart that took years to mend.
literary, poetic— To deeply demoralize or discourage someone, affecting their inner strength and will.
The constant setbacks threatened to bruise his spirit, but he persevered.
literary— A profound emotional or moral injury that leaves a lasting, negative impact on one's inner being.
Witnessing such cruelty left a bruise on his soul that he could never forget.
philosophical, literary— To bend or stretch the law in a way that is technically legal but morally questionable or unfair.
The lawyer managed to bruise the law just enough to get his client acquitted.
informal, legal jargon— To be visually unpleasant or offensive to look at.
The garish colors of the advertisement were a bruise to the eyes.
informal, descriptive— To be audibly unpleasant or offensive to hear.
The constant screeching of the brakes was a bruise to the ears.
informal, descriptive— To have an unpleasant taste or texture in the mouth.
The overcooked vegetables bruised the palate.
culinary, informal— To stifle or damage one's ability to be creative or imaginative.
The rigid curriculum seemed to bruise the imagination of the young students.
literary, educational critique— To cause someone to feel guilty or morally troubled.
His dishonest actions bruised his conscience.
moral, literary— To negatively affect or damage the stability or performance of a market.
The unexpected policy change seemed to bruise the stock market.
financial, informal間違えやすい
Both refer to marks or damage.
A bruise is a discolored mark from internal bleeding without a break in the skin. An abrasion is a scrape where the skin's surface is worn away. You can get both from falling, but they are different types of injury.
He fell and got a bruise on his elbow and an abrasion on his knee.
Both can describe damage.
A bruise is a mark from internal bleeding. A laceration is a deep cut or tear in the skin, meaning the skin is broken. A bruise doesn't break the skin.
The knife caused a laceration, while the punch resulted in a bruise.
Both can involve pain and a visible mark.
A bruise is caused by broken blood vessels under the skin, leading to discoloration. Swelling is the puffiness or enlargement of an area due to inflammation, which often occurs with bruises but is a separate phenomenon.
The impact caused both a deep bruise and significant swelling.
Both can refer to a negative impact.
A bruise is a physical mark or metaphorical hurt. A scar is a permanent mark left after a wound heals. Metaphorically, a scar implies a deeper, longer-lasting emotional or psychological impact than a bruise.
The experience left him with emotional scars, not just a bruised ego.
Both are types of injuries.
A bruise is a specific type of injury involving internal bleeding. A wound is a general term for any injury, especially one where the skin is broken, like a cut or abrasion. A bruise is a type of closed wound.
The doctor treated the wound and noted a large bruise underneath.
文型パターン
I have a [color] bruise on my [body part].
I have a blue bruise on my leg.
I [verb] and got a bruise.
I fell and got a bruise.
Be careful not to bruise the [noun].
Be careful not to bruise the berries.
His [noun] was bruised by [event].
His ego was bruised by the criticism.
The [noun] resulted in a [adjective] bruise.
The accident resulted in a nasty bruise.
[Noun] tend to bruise easily.
Ripe avocados tend to bruise easily.
The [noun] was severely bruised by [event/action].
Her confidence was severely bruised by the rejection.
The [noun]'s susceptibility to bruising necessitates [action/solution].
The fruit's susceptibility to bruising necessitates careful handling.
語族
名詞
動詞
形容詞
関連
使い方
Common
-
Using 'bruise' for a cut or scratch.
→
Use 'cut' or 'scratch' for injuries where the skin is broken. Use 'bruise' for internal bleeding without a broken surface.
A bruise is specifically damage beneath the skin's surface. Cuts and scratches break the skin, which is a different type of wound. For example, 'He got a scratch on his arm, not a bruise.'
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Confusing noun and verb forms.
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Use 'bruise' as a noun (the mark) and 'to bruise' as a verb (to cause the mark).
Incorrect: 'He bruise his leg.' Correct: 'He bruised his leg.' (verb) or 'He has a bruise on his leg.' (noun). The verb form implies action, while the noun form refers to the result.
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Overstating minor emotional upset as a 'bruise'.
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Use 'bruised' metaphorically for significant emotional or reputational damage, not for fleeting disappointments.
While 'bruised ego' is common, calling a momentary feeling of being slightly annoyed a 'bruise' might be an overstatement. It implies a more lasting negative impact. 'He was a little annoyed' might be better than 'his feelings were bruised' for minor issues.
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Using 'bruise' for swelling without discoloration.
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Distinguish between bruising (discoloration from bleeding) and swelling (puffiness from inflammation).
Swelling often accompanies a bruise, but it's a separate symptom. If there's no discoloration, it might be primarily swelling rather than a bruise. For example, 'The impact caused swelling, but no significant bruise.'
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Using 'bruise' for plants other than fruits/vegetables.
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While possible in some contexts, 'bruise' is most commonly used for fruits and vegetables to describe damage. For other plants, terms like 'damaged,' 'broken,' or 'wilted' might be more appropriate.
While one might say a delicate flower petal can be 'bruised,' the primary and most common usage for plant damage is with fruits and vegetables. For example, 'The rose was damaged by the wind' is more typical than 'The rose was bruised.'
ヒント
Distinguish Physical and Metaphorical Uses
Remember that 'bruise' has both literal and figurative meanings. When discussing physical injuries, it refers to the discolored mark. Metaphorically, it signifies damage to feelings, ego, or reputation, implying a lasting negative impact.
Noun vs. Verb
Be mindful of using 'bruise' as a noun (the mark) and 'to bruise' as a verb (to cause the mark). For example, 'He has a bruise' (noun) vs. 'He bruised his leg' (verb).
Synonym Awareness
While 'bruise' is common, know its synonyms like 'contusion' (formal/medical) and related terms like 'abrasion' and 'laceration' to describe different types of injuries accurately.
Common Scenarios
Think about where you're most likely to hear or use 'bruise': in discussions about sports, accidents, cooking (damaged fruit), or emotional setbacks. This context will guide your usage.
Accurate Pronunciation
Pronounce 'bruise' with a long 'oo' sound (/bruːz/), ensuring the final 's' is voiced like in 'zoo'. Avoid shortening the vowel or making the 's' sound unvoiced.
Visual Aids
Use visual associations, like a dropped plum with dark spots, or mnemonics like 'brown ooze' to help remember the word and its meaning.
Descriptive Language
When writing about physical bruises, use descriptive words for color (purple, black, yellow), texture (sore, tender), and size to create a vivid image for the reader.
Natural Integration
Practice incorporating 'bruise' into everyday conversations naturally, whether describing a minor injury or a metaphorical hurt. Phrases like 'I got a bruise' or 'it bruised his ego' are good starting points.
Metaphorical Depth
Explore the nuances of the metaphorical use of 'bruise.' It implies a lasting negative impact, not just a fleeting upset. Consider the 'depth' of the emotional bruise.
Contextual Practice
Engage with practice exercises and real-world examples to solidify your understanding. The more you encounter and use 'bruise' in different contexts, the more confident you'll become.
暗記しよう
記憶術
Imagine a **BR**own **OO**ze coming out from under your skin after a hard bump. That 'brown ooze' sound is like 'bruise'. The ooze is the blood that causes the mark.
視覚的連想
Picture a juicy plum that has been dropped. It has dark, soft spots – these are the 'bruises' on the fruit. Connect this visual of damaged fruit to the word 'bruise'.
Word Web
チャレンジ
Try to use the word 'bruise' in three different sentences today: one describing a physical injury, one describing damaged produce, and one describing a metaphorical hurt.
語源
The word 'bruise' comes from the Middle English word 'bruisen', which meant 'to press' or 'to crush'. This, in turn, likely derived from the Old French word 'bruiser', meaning 'to break, crush, or beat'. The ultimate origin is believed to be from a Germanic root related to 'break'. The sense of a mark from being crushed or pressed led to its current meaning.
元の意味： To press, crush, or beat.
Indo-European > Germanic > West Germanic > English文化的な背景
While 'bruise' is a common word, its metaphorical use can imply significant emotional or reputational damage. It's important to consider the context when using it to describe emotional hurt, as it suggests a lasting negative impact. In discussions about physical violence, the term 'bruise' might be used clinically, but more graphic descriptions might be necessary depending on the situation.
In English-speaking cultures, 'bruise' is a common term used in everyday conversation. It's part of the vocabulary for discussing minor accidents, sports injuries, and even emotional setbacks. The metaphorical use, such as 'bruised ego' or 'bruised reputation,' is very prevalent and understood.
実生活で練習する
実際の使用場面
Sports and Physical Activities
- got a bruise during practice
- a nasty bruise on his leg
- bruise from a tackle
- playing through the bruise
Accidents and Minor Injuries
- fell and got a bruise
- bumped into something and bruised my arm
- a large bruise on my forehead
- bruise from a fall
Food and Produce
- bruised apples
- don't bruise the fruit
- bruised easily
- inspect for bruises
Emotional and Psychological Impact
- bruised ego
- bruised pride
- feelings were bruised
- reputation was bruised
Medical Discussions
- significant bruise
- fading bruise
- bruise on the tibia
- susceptible to bruising
会話のきっかけ
"Did you see that soccer player? He really took a hit and got a huge bruise!"
"I accidentally dropped a bag of groceries, and now the peaches are all bruised. It's such a shame."
"My son fell off his bike yesterday and has a massive bruise on his knee. He’s a bit dramatic about it!"
"After that terrible review, I think my confidence got a little bruised. How do you deal with setbacks?"
"I'm trying to pick out the best apples, but so many of them have bruises. Does it really matter if you're just going to make sauce?"
日記のテーマ
Describe a time you sustained a significant physical bruise. What happened, how did it feel, and how long did it take to heal? Reflect on the experience of your body showing signs of injury.
Think about a situation where your ego or pride was bruised. What was the event, how did it affect your self-perception, and what did you learn from it? Consider the invisible nature of emotional bruises.
Imagine you are a fruit farmer. What challenges do you face in preventing your produce from getting bruised during harvesting, transport, and sale? How does the concept of 'bruise' impact your business?
Reflect on a time you witnessed someone else's reputation being 'bruised' due to a scandal or criticism. What were the consequences, and how did it illustrate the fragility of public perception?
Consider the difference between a physical bruise and an emotional wound. In what ways are they similar, and in what ways are they fundamentally different? How do we 'heal' from each type of injury?
よくある質問
10 問A bruise is a general term for a discolored mark caused by internal bleeding under the skin. A 'black eye' is a specific type of bruise that occurs around the eye, often due to a blow to the face. It's characterized by swelling and dark discoloration of the skin and tissues surrounding the eye.
The healing time for a bruise varies depending on its size and severity, as well as the individual's age and health. Small bruises might fade in a few days, while larger or deeper bruises can take one to two weeks or even longer to completely disappear. As they heal, bruises typically change color from reddish-purple to blue-black, then green, and finally yellow or brown before vanishing.
Yes, it is possible to get a bruise on an internal organ, which is often referred to as an internal contusion. This happens when an organ is injured by blunt force trauma, causing bleeding within or around the organ. These can be more serious than skin bruises and may require medical attention.
Several factors can contribute to bruising more easily. These include age (older skin is thinner and has less protective fat), certain medications (like blood thinners or steroids), medical conditions (such as blood clotting disorders), and genetics. Some people naturally have more fragile blood vessels closer to the skin's surface.
You should seek medical advice if a bruise appears suddenly without a known injury, is extremely large or painful, occurs frequently, or is accompanied by other symptoms like fever or bleeding from other parts of the body. Also, if a bruise doesn't heal within a couple of weeks or you suspect it might be an internal injury, it's best to consult a doctor.
Yes, the word 'bruise' is often used metaphorically to describe emotional hurt or damage to one's self-esteem. When someone's pride or ego is 'bruised,' it means their sense of self-worth or importance has been negatively affected by criticism, rejection, or humiliation. It implies a less visible but still significant form of injury.
A bruise is caused by impact that damages blood vessels beneath the skin, leading to discoloration without breaking the skin's surface. A scrape (or abrasion) is an injury where the skin's top layer is worn away, often from friction against a rough surface. So, a bruise is an internal injury, while a scrape is a surface injury.
Yes, fruits can get bruises. When fruit is dropped or handled roughly, the cells in that area are damaged, causing it to become soft and discolored. This is essentially the fruit's version of a bruise, indicating damage to its tissues, which can affect its texture, appearance, and shelf life.
Common home remedies include applying a cold compress (like an ice pack wrapped in cloth) to the bruised area soon after the injury to help reduce swelling and bleeding. Later, warm compresses can help increase blood flow and speed up healing. Elevating the bruised limb can also help reduce swelling. However, for severe or persistent bruises, medical advice is recommended.
The medical term for a bruise is 'contusion'. This term is often used in clinical settings and medical reports to describe the injury, which involves bleeding into the tissues beneath the skin.
自分をテスト 10 問
/ 10 correct
Perfect score!
Summary
A bruise is a physical mark of injury caused by broken blood vessels, but it's also used metaphorically for emotional hurt or damaged reputation, and literally for damaged fruit.
- A bruise is a dark mark on the skin from injury.
- It can also mean damaged fruit or hurt feelings.
- Common in sports, accidents, and talking about emotions.
- The verb 'to bruise' means to cause a bruise.
Distinguish Physical and Metaphorical Uses
Remember that 'bruise' has both literal and figurative meanings. When discussing physical injuries, it refers to the discolored mark. Metaphorically, it signifies damage to feelings, ego, or reputation, implying a lasting negative impact.
Noun vs. Verb
Be mindful of using 'bruise' as a noun (the mark) and 'to bruise' as a verb (to cause the mark). For example, 'He has a bruise' (noun) vs. 'He bruised his leg' (verb).
Synonym Awareness
While 'bruise' is common, know its synonyms like 'contusion' (formal/medical) and related terms like 'abrasion' and 'laceration' to describe different types of injuries accurately.
Common Scenarios
Think about where you're most likely to hear or use 'bruise': in discussions about sports, accidents, cooking (damaged fruit), or emotional setbacks. This context will guide your usage.
例文
I got a small bruise on my shin after bumping into the coffee table.
関連コンテンツ
Healthの関連語
abortion
B2中絶とは、胎児が自立して生存できるようになる前に妊娠を終了させることです。
abortions
C1中絶（abortions）とは、胎児が自力で生存できるようになる前に妊娠を中断することを指します。
abrasion
B2擦過傷（さっかしょう）は、皮膚が粗い表面にこすれてできる浅い傷のことです。また、摩擦によって材料が摩耗するプロセスも指します。
acuity
B2Acuity（鋭敏さ）は、思考、視覚、または聴覚の鋭さや鋭敏さを指します。
acute
B2深刻な、急性の（問題・病気）; 鋭い、鋭敏な（感覚・知性）。
addictary
C1反復的な露出や習慣的な関与を通じて、対象に生理的または心理的な依存状態を組織的に誘発すること。
addicted
B1彼はそのオンラインゲームに中毒になっています。
addiction
B2中毒や依存症とは、物質や行動をやめられない状態のことです。彼は薬物依存症を克服しました。
adrenaline
B2アドレナリンは、ストレスや興奮を感じたときに体内で分泌されるホルモンです。
advivcy
C1その病院の <span class='italic'>advivcy</span> なアプローチは、患者の活力を向上させました。
