The word 'lack' identifies a specific gap where something necessary or desired is missing.
30秒でわかる単語
- Refers to the absence or insufficiency of something.
- Functions as both a noun and a transitive verb.
- Noun form requires 'of' while the verb form does not.
Overview
'Lack' is a versatile English word used to describe the absence or insufficiency of a particular quality, object, or resource. It is a core vocabulary word for expressing needs or identifying gaps in various situations. 2) Usage Patterns: As a noun, 'lack' is almost always followed by the preposition 'of' (e.g., 'a lack of time'). As a verb, it is transitive, meaning it takes a direct object without a preposition (e.g., 'he lacks experience'). It can also be used as an adjective in the form 'lacking,' usually followed by 'in.' 3) Common Contexts: You will frequently encounter 'lack' in professional settings (lack of resources), medical contexts (lack of sleep), and interpersonal discussions (lack of communication). It is a neutral word but often carries a negative connotation because it implies a deficiency. 4) Similar Words Comparison: While 'lack' refers to a general absence, 'shortage' specifically implies that there isn't enough of something that is usually available (like a food shortage). 'Scarcity' is a more formal term used in economics to describe limited resources. 'Deficiency' is often used in technical or medical contexts to describe a lack of something necessary for health or perfection.
例文
I lack the confidence to speak in front of large groups.
everydayI don't have the confidence to speak in front of large groups.
The project was cancelled due to a lack of funding.
formalThe project was cancelled because there wasn't enough money.
There's a serious lack of pizza in this room!
informalThere isn't enough pizza here!
The current literature reveals a lack of data regarding this phenomenon.
academicExisting studies show there isn't enough data about this event.
よく使う組み合わせ
よく使うフレーズ
for lack of a better word
used when you can't find the exact right word
no lack of
plenty of something
よく混同される語
'Shortage' implies there is less of something than is needed, often temporary. 'Lack' can mean it is missing entirely.
'Need' is a requirement for survival or success, while 'lack' is simply the fact that something is not there.
文法パターン
How to Use It
使い方のコツ
The word is very common in both spoken and written English. It is considered neutral in register, making it safe for almost any situation. Be careful with the verb form in third-person singular (adds -s) and past tense (adds -ed).
よくある間違い
The most frequent error is saying 'lacks of.' Remember: 'He lacks [something]' but 'He has a lack of [something].' Another mistake is using 'lack' when 'shortage' is more specific to supply issues.
Tips
Remember the Preposition Rule
Use 'of' with the noun (a lack of...) but never with the verb (they lack...).
Avoid Passive Voice
The verb 'lack' is rarely used in the passive voice; 'Experience was lacked by him' sounds very unnatural.
Professional Feedback
In English-speaking workplaces, 'lack of' is a common way to provide constructive criticism regarding skills or resources.
語源
Derived from Middle English 'lak,' which likely came from Middle Dutch or Middle Low German words meaning deficiency or fault.
文化的な背景
In many English-speaking cultures, 'lack of' is a standard way to frame problems in a logical, objective manner during debates or evaluations.
覚え方のコツ
Think of the 'L' in 'Lack' standing for 'Low' or 'Left out.' If something is lacking, it is at a low level or left out entirely.
よくある質問
4 問No, when 'lack' is used as a verb, you should not use 'of.' The correct sentence is 'he lacks money.'
Yes, 'lacking' is often used as an adjective, typically in the pattern 'lacking in something,' such as 'he is lacking in confidence.'
'Lack' is a general term for not having something, while 'shortage' usually refers to a temporary situation where demand exceeds supply.
It is neutral. It is appropriate for both casual conversation and formal academic or business writing.
自分をテスト
The team's failure was due to a total ___ communication.
In this sentence, 'lack' is a noun following the article 'a,' so it requires 'of' before the following noun.
Which of the following is correct?
When 'lack' is a verb, it takes a direct object without any prepositions.
plants / water / the / because / died / of / a / lack
This follows the 'because of' + 'a lack of' + [noun] structure.
スコア： /3
Summary
The word 'lack' identifies a specific gap where something necessary or desired is missing.
- Refers to the absence or insufficiency of something.
- Functions as both a noun and a transitive verb.
- Noun form requires 'of' while the verb form does not.
Remember the Preposition Rule
Use 'of' with the noun (a lack of...) but never with the verb (they lack...).
Avoid Passive Voice
The verb 'lack' is rarely used in the passive voice; 'Experience was lacked by him' sounds very unnatural.
Professional Feedback
In English-speaking workplaces, 'lack of' is a common way to provide constructive criticism regarding skills or resources.
例文
4 / 4I lack the confidence to speak in front of large groups.
I don't have the confidence to speak in front of large groups.
The project was cancelled due to a lack of funding.
The project was cancelled because there wasn't enough money.
There's a serious lack of pizza in this room!
There isn't enough pizza here!
The current literature reveals a lack of data regarding this phenomenon.
Existing studies show there isn't enough data about this event.
