Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds
To ask questions, swap 'am/is/are' with the subject; for negatives, add 'not' after the 'be' verb.
- Questions: Move 'Am/Is/Are' to the front. Example: 'Are you working?'
- Negatives: Put 'not' after 'Am/Is/Are'. Example: 'I am not working.'
- Contractions: Use 'isn't' or 'aren't' for natural speech. Example: 'He isn't working.'
Overview
Present Continuousの否定文と疑問文の出番。ただの傍観者でいるか、WhatsAppのグループチャットに実際に参加するかの違いってわけ。Present Continuousは君の「今この瞬間」の親友だよ。TikTokをスクロールしたり、Zoom会議をしたり、「今向かってる？」ってメールしたりする時の時制だね。基本の形は何が起きてるかを教えてくれるけど、否定文と疑問文は英語でちゃんとコミュニケーションをとるために欠かせないんだ。これがないと、反対もできないし、調査もできないし、もちろん噂話もできない。「Where are they going?（彼らどこ行くの？）」って聞けなかったり、「I'm not liking this vibe.（この雰囲気、好きじゃないな）」って言えなかったりするインスタなんて想像してみてよ。地獄でしょ？これらの形を使えば、事実をハッキリさせたり、リアルタイムで自分の意思を伝えたりできるんだ。ポイントは動詞のto beがどう動くかだけ。am、is、areが文の中でどう踊るかをマスターすれば、プロみたいにみんなの人生の選択にツッコミを入れられるようになるよ。あ、食卓で質問しすぎて怒られても、僕のせいにしないでね。How This Grammar Works
Present Continuousを3つのパーツでできた機械だと考えてみて。Subject（主語）、Auxiliary Verb（am/is/are）、そしてMain Verb（-ingがつくやつ）だね。否定文にしたり疑問文にしたりするのに、「do」や「does」みたいな新しい言葉を追加する必要はないんだ。今あるパーツをいじるだけ。否定文なら、be動詞のすぐ後ろにnotを置くだけ。文の真ん中に「進入禁止」の看板を立てるようなものだね。疑問文なら、ちょっとした「入れ替え」をする。be動詞が列の先頭にジャンプして、Subjectを後ろに置くんだ。すごく単純な動きだけど、文のエネルギーが「教えてあげる」から「聞いてるんだけど」にガラッと変わるよ。ビデオゲームでキャラを入れ替えるのと全く同じ。Am/Is/Areがメインプレイヤーで、重労働を全部こなしてくれる。その間、-ingの動詞は後ろの方で自分のペースで過ごしてるだけだよ。
Formation Pattern
Subject（I, You, He, She, It, We, They）から始める。
be（am, is, are）を入れる。
notを追加する。
verb + ingで締める。
She + is + not + working. -> She is not working. （もっとこなれた言い方なら：She isn't working.）
beの形（Am, Is, Are）から始める。
Subjectを入れる。
verb + ingを追加する。
Are + you + coming? -> Are you coming? （クエスチョンマークを忘れないでね。じゃないと、すごく変な宣言をしてると思われちゃうから。）
I'm not （「amn't」なんて言葉はないから気をつけて！）
You aren't または You're not
He isn't または He's not
She isn't または She's not
It isn't または It's not
We aren't または We're not
They aren't または They're not
aren'tやisn'tが便利。フルでis notって使うと、すごく怒ってる親か、ヴィクトリア朝の幽霊みたいに聞こえちゃうからね。
When To Use It
- SNSで：友達の投稿を見て混乱した時。「Why
areyouwearingthat?」とか「Iam not feelingthis new filter.」とか。 - キッチンで：誰かが料理を「手伝って」くれてる時。「
Areyouaddingsalt to the cake? 止めてよ。」 - 旅行中に：アプリでフライト状況を確認する時。「The plane
is not taking offyet.」 - 仕事や大学で：Zoom会議中に誰かのマイクの調子がおかしい時。「
Areyoutalking? 聞こえないよ！」とか「Iam not sharingmy screen right now.」 - メッセージで：定番の「
Areyouleavingyet?」友達がどうせ20分遅れてくる時にね。
Common Mistakes
- The Missing
Be:You working?（ダメ！） ->Are you working?（正解！）。いきなり-ingの言葉を投げつけても、うまくいかないよ。相棒のbeが必要なんだ。 - The Missing
-ing:Is she work?（ダメ！） ->Is she working?（正解！）。-ingがないのは、車輪のない車みたいなもの。どこにも行けないよ。 - The
DoDisaster:Do you working?（絶対ダメ！）。do/doesはPresent Simple（ルーティン）に使うもので、今起きてることには使わない。Present Continuousにdoを混ぜないで。嫉妬深い動詞だから、雰囲気をぶち壊しちゃうよ。 - Double Negative:
I am not not working.（理論上はあり得るけど、「働いてる」って意味になっちゃうし、上司を混乱させるだけだよ。） - Forgeting the Question Flip:
You are coming?（カジュアルなメッセージにハテナをつけるならいいけど、正式なテストや面接ではAre you coming?が必要だよ。）
Contrast With Similar Patterns
Present Continuousの最大のライバルはPresent Simpleだね。Present Simple(Negative/Question): 習慣や事実に使う。Do you drink coffee?なら「普段コーヒー飲む習慣ある？」って意味。I don't drink coffeeは「（いつも）飲まない」ってこと。Present Continuous(Negative/Question): 今この瞬間に使う。Are you drinking coffee?は「今まさに手にカップを持ってる？」ってこと。I'm not drinking coffeeは「（普段はラテが大好きでも）今は何も飲んでない」って意味。
Present Simpleは君の人生のWikipediaページ（変わらない事実）、Present Continuousはインスタのストーリー（24時間の出来事）だと考えて。もし誰かに「Do you smoke?」って聞いて、「I am not smoking」って返ってきたら、その人は多分、背中にタバコを隠して言葉通りのこと（今は吸ってない）を言ってるだけだね。一方は自分のアイデンティティについて、もう一方は今の行動についてなんだ。Quick FAQ
「amn't」って使っていい？
ダメ。絶対ダメ。そんな言葉はないよ。I'm notを使おう。「amn't」なんて言うと、どこかで言語学者が泣いちゃうよ。
「She's not」と「She isn't」に違いはある？
ほとんどないよ。「She's not」の方が話し言葉では少し一般的かな。「She isn't」は時々、少しだけ強調してるように聞こえることもあるけど。Uberの運転手にも教授にも、どっちを使っても100%大丈夫。
未来のことにも使える？
うん！「Are you meeting us tonight?」みたいに言えるよ。決まっている予定に使うんだ。でも今は混乱しないように、「今まさに」の部分に集中しよう。
なんで英語には-ingの言葉がこんなに多いの？
何かが動いてる感じを出すのが大好きだからだよ。その方が人生楽しいでしょ？ただ、beがなきゃ-ingの楽しさもないってことだけ覚えておいてね。
2. Present Continuous: Negative & Question Forms
| Subject | Negative Form | Question Form | Short Answer (No) |
|---|---|---|---|
|
I
|
I am not working
|
Am I working?
|
No, I'm not.
|
|
You
|
You are not working
|
Are you working?
|
No, you aren't.
|
|
He/She/It
|
He is not working
|
Is he working?
|
No, he isn't.
|
|
We
|
We are not working
|
Are we working?
|
No, we aren't.
|
|
They
|
They are not working
|
Are they working?
|
No, they aren't.
|
Common Contractions
| Full Form | Contraction 1 | Contraction 2 |
|---|---|---|
|
I am not
|
I'm not
|
N/A
|
|
You are not
|
You're not
|
You aren't
|
|
He is not
|
He's not
|
He isn't
|
|
She is not
|
She's not
|
She isn't
|
|
It is not
|
It's not
|
It isn't
|
|
We are not
|
We're not
|
We aren't
|
|
They are not
|
They're not
|
They aren't
|
Meanings
Used to ask if an action is happening right now or to state that an action is not currently in progress.
Current Action Interrogative
Asking if someone is doing something at this exact moment.
“Are you eating lunch?”
“Is it raining outside?”
Current Action Negative
Stating that an action is not happening right now.
“I am not sleeping.”
“She isn't wearing a coat.”
Temporary Situations
Asking or denying actions that are happening 'around' now, but not necessarily this second.
“Are you staying at a hotel?”
“I'm not reading any books lately.”
Reference Table
| 主語 | 肯定文 | 否定文 | Yes/No 疑問文 | Wh- 疑問文 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
I
|
I am working.
|
I am not working.
|
Am I working?
|
What am I doing?
|
|
You
|
You are studying.
|
You are not studying.
|
Are you studying?
|
Why are you studying?
|
|
He
|
He is sleeping.
|
He is not sleeping.
|
Is he sleeping?
|
Where is he sleeping?
|
|
She
|
She is eating.
|
She is not eating.
|
Is she eating?
|
What is she eating?
|
|
It
|
It is raining.
|
It is not raining.
|
Is it raining?
|
Why is it raining?
|
|
We
|
We are playing.
|
We are not playing.
|
Are we playing?
|
When are we playing?
|
|
They
|
They are watching.
|
They are not watching.
|
Are they watching?
|
Who are they watching?
|
フォーマル度スペクトル
Are you not attending the gala? (Social invitation)
Are you coming to the party? (Social invitation)
You coming? (Social invitation)
You rollin' with us? (Social invitation)
現在進行形：否定文と疑問文
否定文
- 主語 + am/is/are + not + verb-ing I'm not studying.
- 短縮形 He isn't listening.
Yes/No 疑問文
- Am/Is/Are + 主語 + verb-ing? Are you watching?
- 短い答え方 Yes, I am. / No, I'm not.
Wh- 疑問文
- Wh語 + am/is/are + 主語 + verb-ing? What is she doing?
- 情報を尋ねる Where are they going?
現在進行形 vs. 現在形 (疑問文・否定文)
現在進行形の疑問文の作り方
Yes/No で答える質問ですか？
主語は何ですか？
動詞は -ing 形になっていますか？
Wh疑問文ですか？
現在進行形の形まとめ
I (私)
- • I am working.
- • I'm not sleeping.
- • Am I listening?
He/She/It (彼・彼女・それ)
- • He is studying.
- • She isn't eating.
- • Is it raining?
You/We/They (あなた・私たち・彼ら)
- • You are talking.
- • We aren't playing.
- • Are they watching?
レベル別の例文
Are you drinking water?
Is he playing a game?
I am not wearing shoes.
They are not coming.
Aren't you feeling well today?
She isn't working this week.
Why are you not eating your dinner?
Is it not snowing in London?
Aren't they considering our offer?
I'm not planning to stay long.
Is she still seeing that doctor?
We aren't expecting any problems.
Why are you always complaining about the weather?
Aren't you being a bit dramatic?
Is the economy not recovering as fast as we hoped?
I'm not exactly enjoying this movie.
Am I not entitled to an explanation?
Are we not witnessing a historical turning point?
He isn't exactly thriving in his new role, is he?
Aren't you forgetting something crucial?
Is it not the case that the system is failing?
The project isn't so much failing as it is evolving.
Aren't I the one who suggested this in the first place?
Why are we not seeing more robust intervention?
間違えやすい
Learners use 'Are you work?' instead of 'Do you work?' or 'Are you working?'.
Verbs like 'love', 'hate', 'know' don't usually take -ing.
Learners don't know which one to use for 'I'.
よくある間違い
You working?
Are you working?
I not working.
I am not working.
Is he work?
Is he working?
Do you working?
Are you working?
Is not she coming?
Isn't she coming? / Is she not coming?
I'm no working.
I'm not working.
Are you knowing the answer?
Do you know the answer?
Am not I invited?
Am I not invited? / Aren't I invited?
文型パターン
Are you ___ing ___?
Why is he not ___ing?
Aren't they ___ing ___ tomorrow?
Is it not ___ing yet?
Real World Usage
Are you coming to the gym?
Are you seeing my screen?
Is the machine not working?
Are you still using that plate?
Why aren't you guys posting?
Are you currently working for another company?
Be動詞を見つけよう！
Is he playing a game?
Do/Does と混ぜないで！
Do you working? は絶対NGですよ: Are you working?短縮形はとっても便利！
丁寧な質問のコツ
Excuse me を最初につけると、もっと優しく聞こえますよ: Excuse me, are you waiting for someone?
Smart Tips
Stop! If you see '-ing', you must use 'Am/Is/Are'.
Use the 'Be' verb from the question in your answer.
Avoid contractions like 'isn't' and use 'is not' instead.
Drop the 'g' sound at the end of '-ing' and use 'n'.
発音
Contraction Stress
In negatives, the 'not' part (n't) is often stressed to emphasize the denial.
Question Intonation
Yes/No questions usually have a rising intonation at the end.
Rising Intonation
Are you coming? ↗
Asking for confirmation
Falling Intonation
Why are you leaving? ↘
Asking for information (Wh- question)
暗記しよう
記憶術
Remember 'B-S-I': Be verb, then Subject, then Ing-verb for questions.
視覚的連想
Imagine a seesaw. In a statement, the Subject is on the left and the Verb is on the right. In a question, they swap places!
Rhyme
To ask a task that's in the flow, move the 'Be' and you will know!
Story
Meet 'Not'. Not is a shy ghost who always hides right behind the 'Be' verb (am, is, are) but before the action (-ing). He only appears when things aren't happening.
Word Web
チャレンジ
Look around you. Find three things people are NOT doing right now and say them aloud (e.g., 'The cat is not barking').
文化メモ
British speakers often use 'aren't I' as a question tag or in first-person questions, which can be confusing for learners.
In very casual American speech, the 'g' in '-ing' is often dropped (e.g., 'Are you workin'?).
In international meetings, using the Present Continuous for questions is seen as more polite and less aggressive than the Present Simple.
The continuous aspect in English developed from an Old English construction involving a preposition 'on' and a verbal noun.
会話のきっかけ
Are you working on anything interesting today?
Is it raining in your city right now?
What are you not doing today that you usually do?
Are you planning any trips this month?
日記のテーマ
よくある間違い
Test Yourself
My phone ___ charging right now.
正しい文を選んでください：
Arrange the words in the correct order:
All words placed
Click words above to build the sentence
Score: /3
練習問題
8 exercises___ you listening to the teacher?
Which sentence is correct?
Find and fix the mistake:
Is they playing football in the park?
She is sleeping. -> ?
A: Are you coming to the cinema? B: No, I ___.
not / working / he / today / is
1. I, 2. You, 3. He
We use 'do' to make questions in the Present Continuous.
Score: /8
Practice Bank
12 exercises___ she watching that new show on Netflix?
They not working on the report today.
正しい文を選んでください：
英語に直してください： 'なぜ彼らは食べていないのですか？'
単語を並べ替えてください：
主語と正しい形を組み合わせてください：
What ___ you reading these days?
Is the baby crying not?
正しい文はどれ？
英語に直してください： '彼女は寝ていません。'
単語を並べ替えてください：
Are you understanding what I am saying?
Score: /12
よくある質問 (8)
No, that is incorrect. You should say `Am I not?` (formal) or `Aren't I?` (informal).
It is a strange exception in English! `Aren't I` is the standard contraction for `Am I not` in questions.
In very casual speech, people sometimes drop the 'are', but for learners and in writing, it is better to say `Are you working?`.
`Isn't he` is more common and natural. `Is he not` is very formal or used for emphasis.
No, the main verb always stays in the `-ing` form. Only the verb `be` changes.
Yes! You can say `Are you coming tomorrow?` to ask about future plans.
Drop the 'e' before adding '-ing'. So, `Are you dancing?`.
No, `I aren't` is never correct. Always use `I'm not`.
Scaffolded Practice
1
2
3
4
Mastery Progress
Needs Practice
Improving
Strong
Mastered
In Other Languages
estar + -ando/-iendo
English uses the continuous much more strictly for 'right now'.
être en train de
French usually uses the simple present for questions like 'Tu travailles ?' (Are you working?).
Simple Present + 'gerade'
German uses 'Arbeitest du?' for both 'Do you work?' and 'Are you working?'.
-te iru
Japanese word order is Subject-Object-Verb, so the 'be' equivalent comes at the end.
Prefixes/Suffixes
Arabic doesn't have a direct equivalent to the 'am/is/are' auxiliary in the present tense.
zài (在)
Chinese verbs never change their form (no -ing).
Learning Path
Prerequisites
Learn These First
関連動画
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