Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds
To make a sentence negative in English, place 'not' after the auxiliary verb or the verb 'to be'.
- With 'to be', put 'not' directly after the verb: 'I am not tired.'
- With other verbs, use 'do/does' + 'not' + base verb: 'She does not like tea.'
- With modal verbs like 'can', put 'not' after the modal: 'I cannot swim.'
Overview
I not like coffeeと言って、困惑した顔をされたことはありませんか？学び始めの頃は誰にでもあることです。「いいえ」と言うことは、「はい」と言うことと同じくらい重要です。実際、あなたが思っている以上に否定文を使っているはずです。出前が遅れた時や、スマホの電波がない時など。英語の否定はパズルのように感じられるかもしれません。notをどこにでも置けるわけではないからです。置く場所には特定の論理があります。notはパートナーを必要とする小さな修飾語だと考えてください。主な動作を表す動詞と単独で使われることは滅多にありません。通常は「助動詞（ヘルパー）」に乗っかります。これをマスターすれば、ロボットのような話し方を卒業し、本当にその言語を知っている人のように聞こえるようになります。notという言葉を使ってこれを行います。ただし、notの使い方は文中の動詞によって完全に異なります。知っておくべき2つの大きなグループがあります。1つ目はbe動詞（am, is, are）です。これらの動詞は強力で、助けを必要としません。直後にnotを置くだけです。2つ目はlike, go, wantなどの一般動詞です。これらの動詞は少し怠け者で、notを運ぶためにdoまたはdoesという助動詞を必要とします。I not wantと言うと、助動詞が抜けています。これはフォークでスープを飲もうとするようなもので、うまくいきません！How This Grammar Works
be動詞は英語文法のスーパーヒーローです。自立しています。否定にしたいときは、後ろにnotを置くだけです。I am happyはI am not happyになります。簡単ですよね？しかし、他のほとんどの動詞は一般市民のようなものです。単独でnotを扱うことはできません。「ボディーガード」やヘルパーが必要で、それがdoです。ほとんどの人（I, you, we, they）にとって、ヘルパーはdoです。「Sグループ」（he, she, it）の場合、ヘルパーはdoesです。ヘルパーが登場すると、notを掴みます。そして、don'tやdoesn'tのような短縮形になることが多いです。この時、メインの動詞は最もシンプルな形（原形）に戻り、-sなどの語尾は消えます。
Formation Pattern
be動詞（am, is, are）の場合：
be動詞 + not + 残りの情報。
She is not ready.（彼女は準備ができていない）
do/does + not + 動詞の原形。
I do not like pizza. または He does not like pizza.
can + not + 動詞の原形。
I cannot swim.
When To Use It
- 情報の訂正：
I am not from London.（ロンドン出身ではありません） - 嫌いなものを伝える：
I don't like spicy food.（辛い食べ物は好きではありません） - 誘いを断る：
I'm not free tonight.（今夜は空いていません） - 感想を言う：
It isn't a good movie.（良い映画ではありません） - アプリのエラー：
You are not connected to the internet.（インターネットに接続されていません）
Common Mistakes
- 「No」の罠：
I don't likeの代わりにI no likeと言ってしまうこと。英語では助動詞が必要です！ - 二重の「S」エラー：
He doesn't likesと言ってしまうこと。ヘルパーのdoesにすでに「S」がついているので、メインの動詞は原形のままです。「S」の帽子をかぶれるのは一人だけだと考えてください。 - 「Be」の欠如：
I not tiredと言ってしまうこと。動詞が必要です。I am not tiredが正解です。 - 二重否定：
I don't have nothingと言ってしまうこと。標準的な英語では、否定語を2つ使うと肯定の意味になってしまいます。I don't have anythingを使いましょう。
Contrast With Similar Patterns
noとnotは混同しやすいです：- No vs. Not：
noは短い返事（No, I don't）や、冠詞のない名詞の前（I have no money）に使います。notは動詞を否定するために使います（I do not have money）。 - Don't vs. Doesn't：
don'tはI, you, we, they用。doesn'tはhe, she, it専用です。 - Am not vs. Don't：
am notは状態や説明（I am not a student）。don'tは動作（I don't study）。
Quick FAQ
ain'tは使ってもいいですか？
歌や映画で耳にするでしょう！非常にカジュアルです。ただ、仕事の面接や試験では使わないでください。
cannotは1語ですか、2語ですか？
通常は1語のcannotです。can'tよりもフォーマルな響きになります。
短縮形は必ず使わないといけませんか？
いいえ、でも使うべきです！I do not likeは非常に真剣、あるいは怒っているように聞こえます。I don't likeの方が自然でフレンドリーです。
2. Common Negative Contractions
| Full Form | Contraction | Usage Note |
|---|---|---|
|
am not
|
I'm not
|
No 'amn't' in standard English.
|
|
is not
|
isn't
|
Very common in speech.
|
|
are not
|
aren't
|
Very common in speech.
|
|
do not
|
don't
|
Standard casual negation.
|
|
does not
|
doesn't
|
Standard casual negation.
|
|
cannot
|
can't
|
Standard casual negation.
|
Negation with 'To Be' and 'Do-Support'
| Subject | Verb (Affirmative) | Negative Particle | Main Verb (if needed) | Example |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
I
|
am
|
not
|
-
|
I am not happy.
|
|
You/We/They
|
are
|
not
|
-
|
They are not here.
|
|
He/She/It
|
is
|
not
|
-
|
She is not a doctor.
|
|
I/You/We/They
|
do
|
not
|
like
|
I do not like tea.
|
|
He/She/It
|
does
|
not
|
like
|
He does not like tea.
|
|
I/You/He/She
|
can
|
not
|
swim
|
I cannot swim.
|
Meanings
The primary function of 'not' is to reverse the truth value of a statement, indicating that an action is not happening or a state does not exist.
Negating the verb 'to be'
Used to deny a state, identity, or location using am/is/are.
“They are not at home.”
“It is not cold today.”
Negating action verbs (Do-support)
Used with 'do' or 'does' to deny an action in the present simple tense.
“We do not eat meat.”
“He does not play football.”
Negating modal verbs
Used with verbs like 'can', 'will', or 'should' to deny ability or future intent.
“I cannot see the screen.”
“She will not come to the party.”
Reference Table
| 主語 | 動詞の種類 | 否定の形 | 短縮形 | 例 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
I
|
'to be'
|
am not
|
I'm not
|
I'm not tired.
|
|
You/We/They
|
'to be'
|
are not
|
aren't
|
They aren't here.
|
|
He/She/It
|
'to be'
|
is not
|
isn't
|
It isn't cold.
|
|
All Subjects
|
'can'
|
can not
|
can't
|
We can't go.
|
|
I/You/We/They
|
Other verbs
|
do not + verb
|
don't + verb
|
I don't like it.
|
|
He/She/It
|
Other verbs
|
does not + verb
|
doesn't + verb
|
He doesn't work.
|
フォーマル度スペクトル
I shall not be attending the gala. (Social attendance)
I am not going to the party. (Social attendance)
I'm not going. (Social attendance)
I ain't goin'. (Social attendance)
英語の否定文：「not」の使い方
Be動詞
- am not I'm not tired.
- is not (isn't) She isn't here.
- are not (aren't) They aren't students.
助動詞 'can'
- can not (can't) I can't swim.
- cannot He cannot come.
その他の動詞 (現在形)
- do not (don't) We don't live here.
- does not (doesn't) She doesn't like coffee.
否定形：完全形 vs. 短縮形
否定文のフローチャート：「not」をどこに置くか
主動詞は「be動詞」（am, is, are）ですか？
主動詞は「can」ですか？
その他の動詞（例：「like」、「eat」、「work」）ですか？
否定の助けと短縮形
Be動詞
- • am not (I'm not)
- • is not (isn't)
- • are not (aren't)
助動詞
- • can not (can't/cannot)
補助動詞 (その他の動詞用)
- • do not (don't)
- • does not (doesn't)
よくある間違い
- • no + verb (例: 'I no like')
- • verb + not + subject (例: 'Not she is')
- • amn't
レベル別の例文
I am not a student.
I am not a student.
She does not like apples.
She does not like apples.
We do not have a car.
We do not have a car.
It is not hot today.
It is not hot today.
They didn't go to the party.
They didn't go to the party.
You shouldn't eat that.
You shouldn't eat that.
I won't be late tomorrow.
I won't be late tomorrow.
He doesn't want to help.
He doesn't want to help.
I haven't finished my homework yet.
I haven't finished my homework yet.
It wasn't as good as I expected.
It wasn't as good as I expected.
She might not come to the meeting.
She might not come to the meeting.
We don't really need to buy this.
We don't really need to buy this.
I would rather not talk about it.
I would rather not talk about it.
Not having a map, we got lost.
Not having a map, we got lost.
It is not only expensive but also ugly.
It is not only expensive but also ugly.
He was told not to touch the button.
He was told not to touch the button.
Not until much later did I realize the truth.
Not until much later did I realize the truth.
Under no circumstances should you leave.
Under no circumstances should you leave.
It was not for lack of trying that he failed.
It was not for lack of trying that he failed.
I cannot but agree with your assessment.
I cannot but agree with your assessment.
The results were not a little disappointing.
The results were not a little disappointing.
Try as he might, he could not but fail.
Try as he might, he could not but fail.
It is not that he is lazy, so much as he is bored.
It is not that he is lazy, so much as he is bored.
Were it not for your help, I would be lost.
Were it not for your help, I would be lost.
間違えやすい
Learners often use 'no' to negate verbs because it's simpler.
Choosing the wrong helper for the third person singular (he/she/it).
Learners aren't sure if it's one word or two.
よくある間違い
I no like coffee.
I do not like coffee.
She not is happy.
She is not happy.
I not have a car.
I do not have a car.
He does not likes pizza.
He does not like pizza.
I didn't went.
I didn't go.
I haven't no money.
I haven't any money. / I have no money.
Not only he was late...
Not only was he late...
文型パターン
I am not ___.
He/She does not ___.
We do not have ___.
They cannot ___ because ___.
Real World Usage
I'm not ready yet, give me 5 mins!
I do not want any onions on my burger.
I do not have much experience in sales, but I am a fast learner.
This is not my photo, credit to the owner.
This is not my suitcase.
My internet is not working.
短縮形を使ってみよう！
二重否定に注意！
「Do/Does」のルールを覚えよう！
丁寧な否定の表現
「am not」の特別な短縮形
Smart Tips
Just put 'not' after the verb. Don't look for any other helper verbs!
Think of 'does' as a magnet that pulls the 's' away from the main verb.
Use 'not really' instead of just 'not'. It sounds less aggressive.
Avoid all contractions. Use 'do not', 'is not', and 'cannot' in full.
発音
The 't' in contractions
In fast speech, the 't' at the end of 'don't' or 'can't' is often a 'stop t', meaning the tongue hits the roof of the mouth but no air is released.
Stress on 'not'
If you want to emphasize the negation, put extra stress on the word 'not'.
Falling intonation for statements
I don't know. ↘
Conveys a certain, finished thought.
暗記しよう
記憶術
Remember the 'Helper Sandwich': The helper verb and the main verb are the bread, and 'not' is the filling!
視覚的連想
Imagine a stop sign held by a small robot named 'Do'. The robot stands in front of the main verb to stop the action.
Rhyme
To say it's false, to say it's wrong, add a 'not' and sing along!
Story
Negative Ned is a character who disagrees with everything. If you say 'I like pizza,' Ned says 'I do NOT like pizza.' If you say 'It is sunny,' Ned says 'It is NOT sunny.' Ned always brings his friends 'Do' and 'Does' to help him disagree.
Word Web
チャレンジ
Look around your room and name 5 things that are NOT there using the sentence 'There is not a...' or 'I do not see a...'
文化メモ
Using full forms like 'do not' instead of 'don't' can sound very forceful or angry in casual conversation. It is often used for emphasis or when someone is being very serious.
The word 'ain't' is a common informal substitute for 'am not', 'is not', 'are not', 'has not', and 'have not'. While common, it is often considered non-standard in professional settings.
In some older or very formal British dialects, you might hear 'I have not' used without 'do-support' even for possession, though this is becoming rare.
The word 'not' comes from the Old English 'nāwiht', which literally meant 'no whit' or 'nothing'.
会話のきっかけ
What is a food that you do not like?
Tell me about a city you are not from.
What is something you cannot do yet, but want to learn?
What are some things you did not do last weekend?
日記のテーマ
よくある間違い
Test Yourself
She ___ a doctor, she's a scientist.
Choose the correct sentence:
Translate into English: 'Él no está aquí.'
Answer starts with: ["H...
Find and fix the mistake:
They no like pizza.
Score: /4
練習問題
8 exercisesThey ___ not at the office today.
Which sentence is correct?
Find and fix the mistake:
I no am hungry.
We have a dog.
In English, you can negate any verb by putting 'no' before it.
A: Can you swim? B: No, I ___.
[not / is / my / this / phone]
Select the correct one:
Score: /8
Practice Bank
11 exercisesWe ___ speak French, only English.
It ___ cold outside today.
He not work on weekends.
I can no hear you.
Which sentence is correct?
Choose the correct sentence:
Translate into English: 'No entiendo.'
Translate into English: 'Ella no puede venir.'
Arrange these words into a sentence:
Arrange these words into a sentence:
Match the subjects with the correct negative form:
Score: /11
よくある質問 (8)
`No` is used as a direct answer or before nouns (`No money`). `Not` is used to negate verbs (`I am not`) or adjectives (`Not happy`).
No, this is a common mistake. You must use a helper verb: `I do not like`.
In English, the third-person 's' moves to the helper verb `do`, making it `does`. The main verb then stays in its base form.
Yes, but it is very informal and considered slang. It is best to avoid it in exams or professional writing.
It goes directly after 'can'. In writing, it is usually one word: `cannot`.
Use `do not` in formal writing (essays, business emails) or when you want to emphasize the negative very strongly.
Yes, but usually in more advanced structures like `Not many people know...` or in short commands like `Not now!`
No! Never use 'do' with 'to be'. Say `I am not`, never `I do not be`.
Scaffolded Practice
1
2
3
4
Mastery Progress
Needs Practice
Improving
Strong
Mastered
In Other Languages
no + verb
English needs a 'helper' verb (do/does) while Spanish does not.
ne + verb + pas
English 'not' usually comes after the first auxiliary verb.
verb + nicht
German doesn't use a helper verb like 'do' for negation.
verb + nai / masen
Japanese is agglutinative (suffixes), English is analytic (separate words).
la / ma + verb
Word order and the requirement of auxiliaries in English.
bu / mei + verb
English changes the auxiliary verb for tense, Chinese changes the negation particle.
Learning Path
Prerequisites
Learn These First
関連動画
09:06 Inside India’s Astonishing Solar Revolution | Kanika Chawla | TED
06:58 This abandoned shed may yet help end the world
03:07 What If This Classic Tale Happened Today? #7 - Learn English Through Stories
Notだけじゃない！英語の否定文をマスターしよう【英文法基礎】
Atsueigo
【これだけ】英語の否定文はパターンで覚えれば簡単！
Hapa 英会話
【英語の基礎】否定文の作り方：be動詞・一般動詞・助動詞
Study English
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