영어 부정문: 'not'을 올바르게 사용하는 방법
be, can, do/does를 잘 쓰는 방법을 익혀봐요.
Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds
To make a sentence negative in English, place 'not' after the auxiliary verb or the verb 'to be'.
- With 'to be', put 'not' directly after the verb: 'I am not tired.'
- With other verbs, use 'do/does' + 'not' + base verb: 'She does not like tea.'
- With modal verbs like 'can', put 'not' after the modal: 'I cannot swim.'
Overview
I not like coffee라고 말하고 당황스러운 시선을 받은 적이 있나요? 영어를 배우기 시작할 때 누구나 겪는 일입니다. «아니요»라고 말하는 것은 «네»라고 말하는 것만큼 중요합니다.not을 아무 데나 던져 놓을 수 없기 때문입니다. not이 들어가는 곳에는 구체적인 논리가 있습니다. not을 파트너가 필요한 작은 수식어라고 생각해보세요.not이라는 단어를 사용합니다. 하지만 not을 사용하는 방법은 문장 속 동사에 따라 완전히 달라집니다.be 동사(am, is, are)입니다. 이 동사들은 힘이 세서 도움이 필요 없습니다.not을 붙이면 됩니다. 둘째, like, go, want와 같은 «일반(동작)» 동사입니다. 이 동사들은 조금 게을러서 not을 옮기기 위해 do나 does라는 조동사가 필요합니다.I not want라고 말한다면, 헬퍼를 빼먹은 것입니다. 포크로 국을 먹으려는 것과 같죠. 그냥 작동하지 않습니다!How This Grammar Works
be 동사는 영어 문법의 슈퍼히어로입니다. 자립적이죠.not을 붙이면 됩니다. I am happy는 I am not happy가 됩니다. 간단하죠?not이라는 단어를 감당할 수 없습니다. «보디가드»나 헬퍼가 필요한데, 그게 바로 do입니다.I, you, we, they)에게 헬퍼는 do입니다. «S-그룹»(he, she, it)에게 헬퍼는 does입니다. 헬퍼가 도착하면 not을 붙잡습니다.don't나 doesn't처럼 줄여서 씁니다. 이때 메인 동사는 가장 단순한 형태(원형)로 돌아가며 -s와 같은 어미는 사라집니다.Formation Pattern
be 동사(am, is, are)의 경우:
be 동사 + not + 나머지 생각.
She is not ready.
do/does + not + 동사 원형.
I do not like pizza. 또는 He does not like pizza.
can + not + 동사 원형.
I cannot swim.
When To Use It
- 정보 수정:
I am not from London. - 싫어하는 것 표현:
I don't like spicy food. - 초대 거절:
I'm not free tonight. - 리뷰 남기기:
It isn't a good movie. - 앱 오류:
You are not connected to the internet.
Common Mistakes
No의 함정:I don't like대신I no like라고 말하는 것. 영어에서는 헬퍼가 꼭 필요합니다!- 이중
S오류:He doesn't likes라고 말하는 것. 헬퍼does에 이미S가 있다는 것을 기억하세요. 메인 동사는 원형을 유지합니다. 한 번에 한 명만S모자를 쓸 수 있다고 생각하세요. Be빠뜨리기:I not tired라고 말하는 것. 동사가 필요합니다.I am not tired가 맞습니다.- 이중 부정:
I don't have nothing이라고 말하는 것. 표준 영어에서 부정어 두 개는 긍정이 됩니다. 대신I don't have anything을 사용하세요.
Contrast With Similar Patterns
no와 not을 혼동하기 쉽습니다.- No vs. Not: 짧은 답변이나 관사 없는 명사 앞에는
no를 사용하세요(I have no money). 동사를 부정할 때는not을 사용하세요(I do not have money). - Don't vs. Doesn't:
Don't는I, you, we, they용입니다.Doesn't는he, she, it전용입니다. - Am not vs. Don't:
Am not은 상태나 묘사(I am not a student),Don't는 동작(I don't study)에 사용합니다.
Quick FAQ
ain't를 사용해도 되나요?cannot은 한 단어인가요, 두 단어인가요?cannot으로 씁니다. can't보다 격식 있는 표현입니다.I do not like는 매우 진지하거나 화난 것처럼 들릴 수 있습니다. I don't like가 자연스럽습니다.2. Common Negative Contractions
| Full Form | Contraction | Usage Note |
|---|---|---|
|
am not
|
I'm not
|
No 'amn't' in standard English.
|
|
is not
|
isn't
|
Very common in speech.
|
|
are not
|
aren't
|
Very common in speech.
|
|
do not
|
don't
|
Standard casual negation.
|
|
does not
|
doesn't
|
Standard casual negation.
|
|
cannot
|
can't
|
Standard casual negation.
|
Negation with 'To Be' and 'Do-Support'
| Subject | Verb (Affirmative) | Negative Particle | Main Verb (if needed) | Example |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
I
|
am
|
not
|
-
|
I am not happy.
|
|
You/We/They
|
are
|
not
|
-
|
They are not here.
|
|
He/She/It
|
is
|
not
|
-
|
She is not a doctor.
|
|
I/You/We/They
|
do
|
not
|
like
|
I do not like tea.
|
|
He/She/It
|
does
|
not
|
like
|
He does not like tea.
|
|
I/You/He/She
|
can
|
not
|
swim
|
I cannot swim.
|
Meanings
The primary function of 'not' is to reverse the truth value of a statement, indicating that an action is not happening or a state does not exist.
Negating the verb 'to be'
Used to deny a state, identity, or location using am/is/are.
“They are not at home.”
“It is not cold today.”
Negating action verbs (Do-support)
Used with 'do' or 'does' to deny an action in the present simple tense.
“We do not eat meat.”
“He does not play football.”
Negating modal verbs
Used with verbs like 'can', 'will', or 'should' to deny ability or future intent.
“I cannot see the screen.”
“She will not come to the party.”
Reference Table
| 주어 | 동사 종류 | 부정문 형태 | 줄임말 | 예문 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
I
|
'to be'
|
am not
|
I'm not
|
나는 피곤하지 않아요.
|
|
You/We/They
|
'to be'
|
are not
|
aren't
|
그들은 여기에 없어요.
|
|
He/She/It
|
'to be'
|
is not
|
isn't
|
춥지 않아요.
|
|
All Subjects
|
'can'
|
can not
|
can't
|
우리는 갈 수 없어요.
|
|
I/You/We/They
|
Other verbs
|
do not + verb
|
don't + verb
|
나는 그걸 좋아하지 않아요.
|
|
He/She/It
|
Other verbs
|
does not + verb
|
doesn't + verb
|
그는 일하지 않아요.
|
격식 수준 스펙트럼
I shall not be attending the gala. (Social attendance)
I am not going to the party. (Social attendance)
I'm not going. (Social attendance)
I ain't goin'. (Social attendance)
영어 부정문: 'Not' 사용법
'be' 동사
- am not I'm not tired.
- is not (isn't) She isn't here.
- are not (aren't) They aren't students.
조동사 'can'
- can not (can't) I can't swim.
- cannot He cannot come.
다른 동사 (현재 시제)
- do not (don't) We don't live here.
- does not (doesn't) She doesn't like coffee.
부정문 형태: 전체 vs. 줄임말
부정문 흐름도: 'Not'을 어디에 둘까?
주 동사가 'be' 동사 (am, is, are)인가요?
주 동사가 'can'인가요?
다른 일반 동사인가요 (예: 'like', 'eat', 'work')?
부정문 도우미 & 줄임말
'Be' 동사
- • am not (I'm not)
- • is not (isn't)
- • are not (aren't)
조동사
- • can not (can't/cannot)
보조 동사 (다른 동사)
- • do not (don't)
- • does not (doesn't)
흔한 실수
- • no + 동사 (예: 'I no like')
- • 동사 + not + 주어 (예: 'Not she is')
- • amn't
수준별 예문
I am not a student.
I am not a student.
She does not like apples.
She does not like apples.
We do not have a car.
We do not have a car.
It is not hot today.
It is not hot today.
They didn't go to the party.
They didn't go to the party.
You shouldn't eat that.
You shouldn't eat that.
I won't be late tomorrow.
I won't be late tomorrow.
He doesn't want to help.
He doesn't want to help.
I haven't finished my homework yet.
I haven't finished my homework yet.
It wasn't as good as I expected.
It wasn't as good as I expected.
She might not come to the meeting.
She might not come to the meeting.
We don't really need to buy this.
We don't really need to buy this.
I would rather not talk about it.
I would rather not talk about it.
Not having a map, we got lost.
Not having a map, we got lost.
It is not only expensive but also ugly.
It is not only expensive but also ugly.
He was told not to touch the button.
He was told not to touch the button.
Not until much later did I realize the truth.
Not until much later did I realize the truth.
Under no circumstances should you leave.
Under no circumstances should you leave.
It was not for lack of trying that he failed.
It was not for lack of trying that he failed.
I cannot but agree with your assessment.
I cannot but agree with your assessment.
The results were not a little disappointing.
The results were not a little disappointing.
Try as he might, he could not but fail.
Try as he might, he could not but fail.
It is not that he is lazy, so much as he is bored.
It is not that he is lazy, so much as he is bored.
Were it not for your help, I would be lost.
Were it not for your help, I would be lost.
혼동하기 쉬운
Learners often use 'no' to negate verbs because it's simpler.
Choosing the wrong helper for the third person singular (he/she/it).
Learners aren't sure if it's one word or two.
자주 하는 실수
I no like coffee.
I do not like coffee.
She not is happy.
She is not happy.
I not have a car.
I do not have a car.
He does not likes pizza.
He does not like pizza.
I didn't went.
I didn't go.
I haven't no money.
I haven't any money. / I have no money.
Not only he was late...
Not only was he late...
문장 패턴
I am not ___.
He/She does not ___.
We do not have ___.
They cannot ___ because ___.
Real World Usage
I'm not ready yet, give me 5 mins!
I do not want any onions on my burger.
I do not have much experience in sales, but I am a fast learner.
This is not my photo, credit to the owner.
This is not my suitcase.
My internet is not working.
줄임말을 활용해요!
이중 부정을 조심해요!
'Do/Does' 규칙!
I do not drink coffee.또는 "I don't drink coffee."
공손하게 부정하기
'Am not'의 특별한 경우
Smart Tips
Just put 'not' after the verb. Don't look for any other helper verbs!
Think of 'does' as a magnet that pulls the 's' away from the main verb.
Use 'not really' instead of just 'not'. It sounds less aggressive.
Avoid all contractions. Use 'do not', 'is not', and 'cannot' in full.
발음
The 't' in contractions
In fast speech, the 't' at the end of 'don't' or 'can't' is often a 'stop t', meaning the tongue hits the roof of the mouth but no air is released.
Stress on 'not'
If you want to emphasize the negation, put extra stress on the word 'not'.
Falling intonation for statements
I don't know. ↘
Conveys a certain, finished thought.
암기하기
기억법
Remember the 'Helper Sandwich': The helper verb and the main verb are the bread, and 'not' is the filling!
시각적 연상
Imagine a stop sign held by a small robot named 'Do'. The robot stands in front of the main verb to stop the action.
Rhyme
To say it's false, to say it's wrong, add a 'not' and sing along!
Story
Negative Ned is a character who disagrees with everything. If you say 'I like pizza,' Ned says 'I do NOT like pizza.' If you say 'It is sunny,' Ned says 'It is NOT sunny.' Ned always brings his friends 'Do' and 'Does' to help him disagree.
Word Web
챌린지
Look around your room and name 5 things that are NOT there using the sentence 'There is not a...' or 'I do not see a...'
문화 노트
Using full forms like 'do not' instead of 'don't' can sound very forceful or angry in casual conversation. It is often used for emphasis or when someone is being very serious.
The word 'ain't' is a common informal substitute for 'am not', 'is not', 'are not', 'has not', and 'have not'. While common, it is often considered non-standard in professional settings.
In some older or very formal British dialects, you might hear 'I have not' used without 'do-support' even for possession, though this is becoming rare.
The word 'not' comes from the Old English 'nāwiht', which literally meant 'no whit' or 'nothing'.
대화 시작하기
What is a food that you do not like?
Tell me about a city you are not from.
What is something you cannot do yet, but want to learn?
What are some things you did not do last weekend?
일기 주제
자주 하는 실수
Test Yourself
She ___ a doctor, she's a scientist.
Choose the correct sentence:
Translate into English: 'Él no está aquí.'
Answer starts with: ["H...
Find and fix the mistake:
They no like pizza.
Score: /4
연습 문제
8 exercisesThey ___ not at the office today.
Which sentence is correct?
Find and fix the mistake:
I no am hungry.
We have a dog.
In English, you can negate any verb by putting 'no' before it.
A: Can you swim? B: No, I ___.
[not / is / my / this / phone]
Select the correct one:
Score: /8
Practice Bank
11 exercisesWe ___ speak French, only English.
It ___ cold outside today.
He not work on weekends.
I can no hear you.
Which sentence is correct?
Choose the correct sentence:
Translate into English: 'No entiendo.'
Translate into English: 'Ella no puede venir.'
Arrange these words into a sentence:
Arrange these words into a sentence:
Match the subjects with the correct negative form:
Score: /11
자주 묻는 질문 (8)
`No` is used as a direct answer or before nouns (`No money`). `Not` is used to negate verbs (`I am not`) or adjectives (`Not happy`).
No, this is a common mistake. You must use a helper verb: `I do not like`.
In English, the third-person 's' moves to the helper verb `do`, making it `does`. The main verb then stays in its base form.
Yes, but it is very informal and considered slang. It is best to avoid it in exams or professional writing.
It goes directly after 'can'. In writing, it is usually one word: `cannot`.
Use `do not` in formal writing (essays, business emails) or when you want to emphasize the negative very strongly.
Yes, but usually in more advanced structures like `Not many people know...` or in short commands like `Not now!`
No! Never use 'do' with 'to be'. Say `I am not`, never `I do not be`.
Scaffolded Practice
1
2
3
4
Mastery Progress
Needs Practice
Improving
Strong
Mastered
In Other Languages
no + verb
English needs a 'helper' verb (do/does) while Spanish does not.
ne + verb + pas
English 'not' usually comes after the first auxiliary verb.
verb + nicht
German doesn't use a helper verb like 'do' for negation.
verb + nai / masen
Japanese is agglutinative (suffixes), English is analytic (separate words).
la / ma + verb
Word order and the requirement of auxiliaries in English.
bu / mei + verb
English changes the auxiliary verb for tense, Chinese changes the negation particle.
Learning Path
Prerequisites
Learn These First
관련 동영상
Inside India’s Astonishing Solar Revolution | Kanika Chawla | TED
This abandoned shed may yet help end the world
What If This Classic Tale Happened Today? #7 - Learn English Through Stories
Affirmative to Negative & Negative to Affirmative | Grammar For Kids | Periwinkle
Periwinkle
Learn Grammar: Negative Questions in English
English with Ronnie · EnglishLessons4U with engVid
Negative questions in English, answers, word order
Antonia Romaker - English and Russian online
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