Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds
Use 'don't' for most people, but use 'doesn't' for he, she, and it—and always use the basic verb form after.
- Use 'don't' for I, You, We, and They. Example: 'I don't like coffee.'
- Use 'doesn't' for He, She, and It. Example: 'She doesn't like tea.'
- Never add an 's' to the main verb after 'doesn't'. Example: 'He doesn't work' (not works).
Overview
don't（好きじゃない）って伝えようとして、なんだかおかしなロボットみたいになっちゃったこと、ない？それとも、Uberの運転手さんに自分はまだ英語をあまりdon't（話せない）って説明したかったとか？「イエス」と言うのと同じくらい、「ノー」と言うことも大切だよね。英語では、事実ではないこと、避けている習慣、あるいは単に存在しない事実について話すときにPresent Simpleの否定形を使うんだ。これはいわば、文章の「停止ボタン」。これがないと、何にでも同意し続けなきゃいけなくなっちゃう！このルールは、自分の境界線を引いたり、嫌いなものを伝えたり、間違った情報を訂正したりするための基本になるんだ。今夜は遊びに行きたくdon't（ない）って友達にメールするときも、プリンターがdoesn't（動かない）って同僚に伝えるときも、このパターンは君の最高の味方になってくれるよ。大丈夫、バッテリーが残り1%になることほど怖くないから。助動詞のdoとdoesの使い方さえマスターすれば、プロみたいに物事を拒否できるようになるよ。Tinderで左にスワイプする文法版だと思って。シンプルで、効果的で、どこにでもあるものなんだ。How This Grammar Works
Present Simpleで否定文を作るには、ちょっとした助けが必要なんだ。普通の動詞の直後にnotを置くことはできないよ。「I like not pizza」なんて言ったら、シェイクスピアの劇の登場人物か、すごく古い教科書みたいに聞こえちゃう。代わりに、auxiliary verb（助動詞）、つまり「助ける動詞」を使うんだ。このルールでは、その助っ人はdoだよ。doにnotを加えると、それがメインの動詞を守る盾になるんだ。一番大切なポイントは、メインの動詞は一番シンプルな「裸の」形（原形）のままでいるってこと。話している相手がhe、she、itであっても、動詞は変わらないんだ。助動詞のdoやdoesが、面倒な仕事を全部引き受けてくれるからね。メインの動詞がリラックスできるように、つまらない事務作業を全部こなしてくれる個人秘書みたいなものかな。自分（I）、友達（you）、あるいはグループ（we、they）について話すときはdo notを使う。三人称（he、she、it）について話すときはdoes notを使う。スマホに合う充電器を選ぶようなもので、主語に合った助っ人を組み合わせるだけでOKだよ。
Formation Pattern
doかdoesを使う。
notを加える。
Conjugation Table
| Subject | Helper + Not | Main Verb | Example | Translation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| I | do not / don't | like | I don't like coffee. |
私はコーヒーが好きではない。 |
| You | do not / don't | watch | You don't watch TV. |
君はテレビを見ない。 |
| He | does not / doesn't | play | He doesn't play games. |
彼はゲームをしない。 |
| She | does not / doesn't | eat | She doesn't eat meat. |
彼女は肉を食べない。 |
| It | does not / doesn't | work | It doesn't work. |
それは動かない（故障している）。 |
| We | do not / don't | go | We don't go out. |
私たちは外出しない。 |
| They | do not / don't | speak | They don't speak. |
彼らは話さない。 |
When To Use It
- Daily Habits（日常の習慣）: 「I
don'tdrink tea in the morning.（朝はお茶を飲まないんだ。）」 （もしかして、冷たい水が好きなタイプ？） - General Truths（一般的な真実）: 「The sun
doesn'tgo around the earth.（太陽が地球の周りを回っているわけじゃない。）」 （地球平面説の人はびっくりだね！） - Dislikes（嫌いなもの）: 「She
doesn'tlike spicy food.（彼女、辛い食べ物は苦手なんだ。）」 （だから激辛手羽先のお店には連れて行かないでね。） - Technical Issues（技術的な問題）: 「The Wi-Fi
doesn'tconnect here.（ここはWi-Fiがつながらないんだ。）」 （現代における究極の悲劇だよね。） - Social Situations（社交的な場面）: 「We
don'tknow that guy.（あの人のことは知らないよ。）」 （知らない人がグループチャットに入ってこようとしたときに。）
- Casual: 「I
don'twant it.」 （友達やWhatsApp、Discordの通話で使おう。） - Formal: 「I
do notwish to participate.」 （上司へのメールや、契約書にサインするときに使ってね。） - Very Direct: 「No, I
don't.」 （誰かにしつこくされたとき、短くきっぱり断るのに便利。）
Common Mistakes
likes pizza.」って言うよね。でも否定文では、doesがすでに's'を持っているんだ。doesは欲張りな動詞だから、メインの動詞から's'を盗んじゃうんだよ！- ✗ 「She
doesn'tlikespizza.」 （'s'が喧嘩しちゃってる！） - ✓ 「She
doesn'tlikepizza.」 （完璧。's'はdoesに移動したんだね。）
- ✗ 「I
nothave money.」 （海賊みたいに聞こえちゃう。あんまりカッコよくないタイプのね。） - ✓ 「I
don'thave money.」 （悲しいけど、文法的には正しい！）
don'tとdoesn'tを混ぜちゃうこと。覚えておいて：he、she、itは「特別な3人組」。彼らはいつも's'がついたほう（doesn't）を欲しがるんだ。他の人はみんなdon'tで満足してくれるよ。これを間違えてもネイティブには通じるけど、ちょっと故障したAIみたいに聞こえちゃうかも。Contrast With Similar Patterns
to be動詞（am/is/are）と混ぜないように気をつけて。- 動作（走る、食べる、寝る）には
don't/doesn'tを使う：「Idon'tsleep.」 - 状態や説明には
am not/isn't/aren'tを使う：「Iam nottired.」
don't tired」なんて言ったら、フォークでスープを飲もうとしている人みたいな目で見られちゃうかも。don'tの後には動作を表す動詞が必要で、am notの後には形容詞や名詞が必要なんだ。am not -ing）とも比べてみて。- Present Simple: 「I
don'tplay soccer.」 （普段、趣味としてサッカーをしない。） - Present Continuous: 「I
am notplaying soccer.」 （今、この瞬間にサッカーをしていない。）
Doesを、文章の中にこっそり忍び込んで、playsやeats、worksの最後にある's'を盗んでいく小さな泥棒だと考えてみて。泥棒が's'を奪ってしまったら、メインの動詞は手ぶら（原形）のまま残されるんだ。Quick FAQ
heと一緒にdon'tを使ってもいい？
ダメ！それは絶対にNG。heには必ずdoesn'tが必要なんだ。heにdon'tを使うのは、靴下にサンダルを履くようなもの。やってる人もいるけど、決して正解ではないよね。
do notのほうがdon'tより正しいの？
そういうわけじゃないよ。話したりテキストを送ったりするときはdon'tが標準。do notを使うのは、フォーマルな論文を書くときか、映画の悪役が邪悪な計画を説明するときくらいかな。
メインの動詞が変わることはある？
絶対にないよ！don'tやdoesn'tを使った否定文では、メインの動詞はいつも原形。このルールのなかで一番簡単な部分だね！
Progressive Practice
主語をチェック：I、You、We、Theyかな？それともHe、She、It？
武器を選ぼう：don'tかdoesn'tか。
メインの動詞から's'を全部取り除く。（例：goesはgoにする）。
全部つなげて声に出してみよう！週末に自分がdon't（しない）ことを3つ、誰かに伝えてみて。
2. Negative Present Simple Conjugation
| Subject | Auxiliary + Not | Contraction | Main Verb (Base) |
|---|---|---|---|
|
I
|
do not
|
don't
|
work
|
|
You
|
do not
|
don't
|
work
|
|
He
|
does not
|
doesn't
|
work
|
|
She
|
does not
|
doesn't
|
work
|
|
It
|
does not
|
doesn't
|
work
|
|
We
|
do not
|
don't
|
work
|
|
They
|
do not
|
don't
|
work
|
Full Form vs. Contraction
| Full Form | Contraction | Usage |
|---|---|---|
|
do not
|
don't
|
Common in speech and informal writing
|
|
does not
|
doesn't
|
Common in speech and informal writing
|
Meanings
The standard way to make a sentence negative in the Present Simple tense for actions, habits, and permanent facts.
Habits and Routines
Used to describe things that do not happen regularly or as part of a schedule.
“We don't go to the gym on Saturdays.”
“He doesn't wake up early.”
General Truths and Facts
Used to state things that are not true in a general sense.
“The sun doesn't move around the Earth.”
“Cats don't like water.”
Preferences and Feelings
Used with stative verbs like like, love, hate, or want to express negative feelings.
“I don't want any help.”
“She doesn't like spicy food.”
Reference Table
| 主語 | 否定形 | 例文 |
|---|---|---|
|
I
|
don't + verb
|
I don't like coffee.
|
|
You
|
don't + verb
|
You don't understand.
|
|
We
|
don't + verb
|
We don't live here.
|
|
They
|
don't + verb
|
They don't work on Sundays.
|
|
He
|
doesn't + verb
|
He doesn't play sports.
|
|
She
|
doesn't + verb
|
She doesn't speak French.
|
|
It
|
doesn't + verb
|
It doesn't rain much.
|
|
My friends (plural)
|
don't + verb
|
My friends don't know.
|
|
My sister (singular)
|
doesn't + verb
|
My sister doesn't sing.
|
フォーマル度スペクトル
I do not wish to have any wine, thank you. (Social gathering)
I don't want any wine, thanks. (Social gathering)
I'm good, I don't drink. (Social gathering)
Nah, I'm straight. (Social gathering)
Don't と Doesn't: どちらをいつ使う？
「Don't」を使う場合：
- I I don't play.
- You You don't listen.
- We We don't know.
- They They don't care.
- Plural Nouns Students don't like homework.
「Doesn't」を使う場合：
- He He doesn't sing.
- She She doesn't work.
- It It doesn't bite.
- Singular Nouns The cat doesn't eat fish.
大事なルール：
- Base Verb Always use the base form of the verb after 'don't' or 'doesn't'.
Don't と Doesn't: 早見表
現在単純形の動詞を否定する方法
動詞は「be動詞」（am/is/are）または助動詞（can/should/must）ですか？
文の主語は何ですか？
主語は「I」「You」「We」「They」または複数の名詞ですか？
主語は「He」「She」「It」または単数の名詞ですか？
「Don't」/「Doesn't」を使う時
日常の習慣
- • I don't drink coffee.
- • He doesn't wake up early.
一般的な事実
- • Birds don't fly at night.
- • It doesn't snow here.
意見・好み
- • We don't like that show.
- • She doesn't agree.
仕事・勉強
- • They don't work weekends.
- • My laptop doesn't run that program.
レベル別の例文
I don't like milk.
He doesn't play football.
We don't live in a big house.
She doesn't have a car.
They don't usually arrive on time.
It doesn't rain much in summer.
My brother doesn't want to go out.
You don't need a passport for this trip.
The company doesn't provide health insurance.
I don't think that's a good idea.
She doesn't care what people say about her.
This machine doesn't work properly.
The evidence doesn't necessarily prove his guilt.
He doesn't seem to understand the gravity of the situation.
The law doesn't apply to international waters.
I don't suppose you have a spare key?
It doesn't follow that all rich people are happy.
She doesn't half talk a lot!
The Prime Minister doesn't intend to resign.
One doesn't simply ignore such a blatant insult.
The argument doesn't hold water under close examination.
He doesn't suffer fools gladly.
The script doesn't quite capture the essence of the novel.
Such behavior doesn't befit a man of his standing.
間違えやすい
Learners often say 'She doesn't has' because 'She has' is affirmative.
Using 'be' verbs to negate action verbs.
Using 'don't' with words like 'nothing' or 'never'.
よくある間違い
I no like.
I don't like.
She don't like.
She doesn't like.
He doesn't likes.
He doesn't like.
I am not like.
I don't like.
They doesn't work.
They don't work.
It don't matter.
It doesn't matter.
She not works.
She doesn't work.
I don't can go.
I can't go.
He doesn't has.
He doesn't have.
I don't be happy.
I am not happy.
Rarely he doesn't speak.
Rarely does he speak.
文型パターン
I don't ___.
She doesn't ___ anymore.
It doesn't ___ to be a problem.
They don't ___ why ___.
Real World Usage
I don't know yet, sorry!
She doesn't want any onions on her burger.
I don't have much experience with Java, but I learn fast.
He doesn't miss! 🏀
This train doesn't stop at Central Station.
My app doesn't open after the update.
単数には「S」を意識してね
動詞は元の形が大事！
短縮形を聞き取ってみよう
否定文でも丁寧さを
質問と一緒に練習しよう
Smart Tips
Stop! Think of 'doesn't' as an 'S-Thief'. It already stole the 's' from the verb.
Check if there is an action. If you can 'do' it (like run, eat, sleep), use 'don't'.
Always use the contraction. 'Do not' sounds very stiff and robotic.
Remember: 'He has' -> 'He doesn't HAVE'. 'Has' is just 'have + s', and the 's' is gone!
発音
The 't' in don't
In fast speech, the 't' at the end of 'don't' is often silent or a 'stop' sound.
Doesn't reduction
The second 'e' is silent. It sounds like 'duz-nt'.
Emphasis on the negative
I DON'T like it.
Strongly disagreeing or correcting someone.
暗記しよう
記憶術
The 'S' is like a hat: only one person can wear it. In 'doesn't', the helper verb is already wearing the 's' hat, so the main verb doesn't need one.
視覚的連想
Imagine a small robot named 'Doesn't' that has a vacuum cleaner. Every time it sees a verb with an 's' (like 'eats'), it sucks the 's' away, leaving just 'eat'.
Rhyme
I, you, we, they—don't is the way. He, she, it—doesn't is the fit!
Story
Once there was a verb named 'Likes'. He was very happy with his 's'. But then a bully named 'Doesn't' came along. 'Doesn't' stole the 's' and 'Likes' became just 'Like'. Now they always stand together: 'Doesn't Like'.
Word Web
チャレンジ
Look around your room. Find 5 things you DON'T like or 5 things your pet/roommate DOESN'T do. Say them out loud.
文化メモ
Using 'do not' instead of 'don't' can sound angry or very serious. Parents often use 'do not' when scolding children.
In some dialects, 'don't' is used for all subjects, including he/she/it.
In very formal or older British English, you might occasionally hear 'I have not' instead of 'I don't have', though it is becoming rare.
The use of 'do' as a helper verb (do-support) emerged in Middle English around the 14th century.
会話のきっかけ
What is a food that you don't like?
Tell me something your best friend doesn't do.
What doesn't happen in your city during the winter?
What are some things that don't matter to you anymore?
日記のテーマ
よくある間違い
Test Yourself
My cat ___ like water.
Find and fix the mistake:
She don't speaks Spanish.
Choose the correct sentence:
Translate into English: 'Nosotros no trabajamos los sábados.'
Answer starts with: ["W...
Score: /4
練習問題
8 exercisesMy sister ___ like chocolate.
They ___ live in London.
Find and fix the mistake:
He doesn't plays tennis on Sundays.
We want coffee.
You should use 'doesn't' with the subject 'I'.
Pick the correct subject.
A: Does he speak English? B: No, he ___.
work / she / doesn't / here
Score: /8
Practice Bank
12 exercisesI ___ understand this math problem.
My phone don't charge fast.
Choose the correct sentence:
Translate into English: 'Ella no vive cerca de aquí.'
Arrange these words into a sentence:
Match the subjects with the correct form:
These flowers ___ grow well in the shade.
The new restaurant not open on Mondays.
Choose the correct sentence:
Translate into English: 'Él no come carne todos los días.'
Arrange these words into a sentence:
Match the subjects with the correct form:
Score: /12
よくある質問 (8)
No. In English, you must use `don't` or `doesn't` before the verb. 'I no like' is a common mistake for beginners.
Use `do not` in very formal writing (like a legal contract) or when you want to be very emphatic. In normal conversation, always use `don't`.
Because the 's' has already moved to the word `does`. You only need one 's' to show it's the third person.
No. Modal verbs like `can`, `should`, and `must` have their own negative forms (`can't`, `shouldn't`). They never use 'don't'.
In standard academic English, no. However, you will hear it in some songs and dialects. For learning, always use `doesn't`.
The verb `to be` (am, is, are) is special. It doesn't use 'don't'. You say `I am not`, `He is not`, etc.
You put the contraction at the start: `Don't you like pizza?` or `Doesn't she work here?`
Yes. In the past, both 'don't' and 'doesn't' change to `didn't`.
Scaffolded Practice
1
2
3
4
Mastery Progress
Needs Practice
Improving
Strong
Mastered
In Other Languages
No + verb
Spanish doesn't use a helper verb like 'do'.
ne + verb + pas
French negates the verb directly; English negates the helper.
verb + nicht
Word order is reversed compared to English.
verb-nai
Japanese uses suffixes; English uses separate helper words.
la + verb
The main verb in Arabic still changes; in English, it stays in base form.
bu + verb
English requires choosing between 'don't' and 'doesn't' based on the subject.
Learning Path
Prerequisites
Learn These First
関連動画
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08:02 How to Become a K-pop Superstar — in 7 Minutes | Charlene Kaye | TED
A Simple Clear Explanation of the Verb TO DO
Learn English with Bob the Canadian
Affirmative to Negative & Negative to Affirmative | Grammar For Kids | Periwinkle
Periwinkle
Learn Grammar: Negative Questions in English
English with Ronnie · EnglishLessons4U with engVid
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