Directional Compounds
Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds
Combine a main verb with a direction verb (like 'go' or 'come') to show exactly where an action is moving.
- Place the directional verb immediately after the main verb: ຍ່າງໄປ (walk go = walk away).
- Use 'ມາ' (ma) for movement towards the speaker and 'ໄປ' (pai) for movement away.
- Directional verbs can also indicate the result of an action, not just physical movement.
Meanings
Directional compounds in Lao combine a primary action verb with a secondary verb of motion to specify the trajectory of the action relative to the speaker.
Physical Motion
Indicates the physical direction of a subject moving.
“ລາວຍ່າງໄປຕະຫຼາດ (He walked to the market)”
“ນົກບິນມາຫາເຮົາ (The bird flew towards us)”
Resultative/Abstract
Indicates the completion or direction of an abstract process.
“ລາວຄິດອອກມາ (He thought it out/came up with it)”
“ເລື່ອງນີ້ຜ່ານໄປແລ້ວ (This matter has passed)”
Directional Compound Formation
| Main Verb | Direction | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| ຍ່າງ | ໄປ | Walk away |
| ຍ່າງ | ມາ | Walk towards |
| ແລ່ນ | ໄປ | Run away |
| ແລ່ນ | ມາ | Run towards |
| ບິນ | ໄປ | Fly away |
| ບິນ | ມາ | Fly towards |
Reference Table
| Form | Structure | Example |
|---|---|---|
| Affirmative | V + Dir | ຍ່າງໄປ |
| Negative | bo + V + Dir | ບໍ່ຍ່າງໄປ |
| Question | V + Dir + bo? | ຍ່າງໄປບໍ່? |
| Past | dai + V + Dir | ໄດ້ຍ່າງໄປ |
| Future | cha + V + Dir | ຈະຍ່າງໄປ |
フォーマル度スペクトル
ລາວກຳລັງເດີນທາງກັບມາບ້ານ (Returning home)
ລາວກຳລັງກັບມາບ້ານ (Returning home)
ລາວກັບມາແລ້ວ (Returning home)
ລາວມາລະ (Returning home)
Directional Logic
Movement
- ມາ Towards
- ໄປ Away
Examples by Level
ຂ້ອຍໄປໂຮງຮຽນ
I go to school
ລາວແລ່ນມາຫາຂ້ອຍ
He ran to me
ລາວຄິດອອກມາແລ້ວ
He has thought it out
ເຂົາເຈົ້າເດີນທາງກັບມາບ້ານ
They traveled back home
ຄວາມຈິງປະກົດອອກມາໃຫ້ເຫັນ
The truth appeared to be seen
ລາວໄດ້ແລ່ນໜີໄປໄກແລ້ວ
He has already run far away
Easily Confused
Both use 'pai/ma'.
よくある間違い
ໄປຍ່າງ
ຍ່າງໄປ
ຍ່າງ
ຍ່າງໄປ
ຍ່າງມາໄປ
ຍ່າງໄປ
ບໍ່ໄດ້ຍ່າງ
ບໍ່ຍ່າງໄປ
ແລ່ນມາຫາ
ແລ່ນມາ
ບິນໄປຫາ
ບິນໄປ
ລາວໄປ
ລາວໄປຫາ
ຄິດມາ
ຄິດອອກມາ
ເວົ້າໄປ
ເວົ້າອອກມາ
ເຫັນໄປ
ເຫັນອອກ
ປະກົດໄປ
ປະກົດອອກມາ
ແລ່ນໜີ
ແລ່ນໜີໄປ
Sentence Patterns
ລາວ ___ ໄປ
Real World Usage
ຂ້ອຍມາຮອດແລ້ວ
Focus on the speaker
Smart Tips
Use 'ma' for 'to me'.
発音
Tone of 'ma'
Ma (come) is mid-tone.
Question
ໄປບໍ່? ↑
Rising intonation for questions.
Memorize It
Mnemonic
Think of 'Ma' as 'Me' (coming to me) and 'Pai' as 'Pass' (passing away from me).
Visual Association
Imagine a magnet. If it's 'Ma', the object is pulled to your chest. If it's 'Pai', you push it away with your hand.
Rhyme
Ma comes to see, Pai goes away from me.
Story
I am standing at the door. My friend walks towards me (ຍ່າງມາ). I wave and he walks away (ຍ່າງໄປ). I feel happy because he thought of a solution (ຄິດອອກມາ).
Word Web
チャレンジ
Describe your walk to the kitchen using 3 directional verbs in 5 minutes.
文化メモ
Directional verbs are used to show respect to the speaker's location.
Derived from independent verbs meaning 'to go' and 'to come'.
Conversation Starters
ເຈົ້າຈະໄປໃສ?
Journal Prompts
Test Yourself
ລາວຍ່າງ___ (away)
Score: /1
練習問題
1 exercisesລາວຍ່າງ___ (away)
Score: /1
よくある質問 (1)
No, choose one based on direction.
In Other Languages
Ir + a
Lao verbs are serial, Spanish uses prepositions.
Aller + direction
Lao compounds are more integrated.
Separable verbs
German prefixes are attached.
Iku/Kuru
Japanese uses particles.
Verbal phrases
Arabic is not serial.
Qulai/Ququ
Very similar structure.
