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politicians

B1 noun #44 よく出る 16分で読める

politicians

上位44

At the A1 level, we can think of politicians as 'people in the government.' These are the people who make the rules for a city or a country. You might see them on the news or in pictures. They often wear suits and talk to many people. When we vote, we choose which politicians we want to lead us. For example, a mayor is a politician for a city. A president is a politician for a whole country. Politicians are important because they help decide how schools, roads, and hospitals are managed. You can use this word when you talk about the leaders of your country. It is a plural word, so we say 'The politicians are...' and not 'The politicians is...' Learning this word helps you understand basic news and talk about who is in charge of your community. It is one of the first words you learn when talking about society and government.

At the A2 level, you can understand that politicians are individuals who work in politics as their job. Most politicians are 'elected,' which means the people in a country vote for them. They work in places like a parliament, a congress, or a city hall. Their main job is to listen to what people want and then try to make laws that help everyone. During an 'election,' politicians travel around and give speeches to tell people their ideas. You might hear people say, 'I like that politician's ideas' or 'The politicians are debating on TV.' It is important to remember that 'politicians' is the plural form. If you are talking about just one person, you say 'politician.' This word is very common in newspapers and on the radio. Knowing this word helps you follow simple discussions about what is happening in your country and why certain rules are changing.

At the B1 level, the definition of politicians becomes more detailed. Politicians are people who are professionally involved in the process of government, usually by being members of a political party. They represent the interests of a specific group of people, called 'constituents.' Their work involves a lot of negotiation and debate. They don't just make rules; they also have to manage budgets and work with other politicians to get things done. You will often hear about politicians 'running for office' or 'serving a term.' The word can sometimes have a negative feeling if people think a politician is not being honest, but it is also used to describe people who work very hard for their community. At this level, you should be able to use the word in sentences about social issues, such as 'Politicians need to find a solution for the housing problem.' Understanding this word is essential for following the news and participating in more complex conversations about how society is organized.

At the B2 level, you should understand the complexities of the role of politicians in a democratic system. Politicians are not just lawmakers; they are also 'policy-makers' who must balance various interests, including those of their party, their voters, and various interest groups. They operate within a 'legislative' framework and are often involved in 'lobbying' and 'coalition-building.' The word 'politicians' is frequently used in discussions about 'political accountability' and 'public trust.' You might analyze how politicians use 'rhetoric' to persuade the public or how they handle 'political scandals.' At this level, you can distinguish between different types of politicians, such as 'backbenchers,' 'ministers,' or 'opposition leaders.' You should also be aware of the 'career politician'—someone who has spent their entire professional life in politics. Using the word 'politicians' at this level involves discussing their impact on 'socio-economic' factors and their role in 'international relations.'

At the C1 level, the term 'politicians' is used within the context of sophisticated political theory and analysis. You would explore the 'Machiavellian' aspects of how politicians maintain power, or the 'sociological' impact of the 'political class' on a nation. The word is often used in debates about 'technocracy' versus 'populism,' where the expertise of politicians is compared to the will of the people. You might discuss the 'electoral strategies' of politicians, including 'gerrymandering' or 'identity politics.' At this level, you are expected to use the word with nuance, perhaps contrasting 'politicians' with 'statesmen' to discuss the quality of leadership. You might also look at the 'institutional constraints' that shape the behavior of politicians, such as 'constitutional law' or 'party discipline.' In C1 writing, you would use 'politicians' to discuss the 'legitimacy' of government and the 'dynamics of power' within a state. You should be able to follow high-level political commentary and academic papers that use this term to describe the primary actors in the 'political arena.'

At the C2 level, 'politicians' is a term used in the most advanced discussions of 'statecraft,' 'geopolitics,' and 'political philosophy.' You would analyze the 'ontological' role of politicians in defining the 'social contract' and the 'ethical' dilemmas they face in 'realpolitik.' The word is used to discuss the 'hegemonic' influence of certain political figures and the 'discursive' ways in which politicians shape public reality. You might examine the 'intersectionality' of politicians' identities and how this affects their 'legislative priorities.' At this level, the term is often part of a broader critique of 'neoliberalism,' 'globalization,' or 'authoritarianism.' You would be able to discuss the 'nuanced' differences between politicians in various systems, such as 'parliamentary' versus 'presidential' republics. C2 proficiency involves understanding the 'subtext' of politicians' speeches and the 'strategic' motivations behind their every move. You can use the word 'politicians' to engage in deep, philosophical debates about the nature of power, the 'common good,' and the future of 'global governance.'

練習する例文メモとヒント

politicians 30秒で

Politicians are people who work in government and make laws. They are usually elected by the public during an election process.
They represent the interests of their community and debate important issues. Most politicians belong to a specific political party with shared goals.
The word can be used neutrally or critically. It is a common term in news, history, and daily discussions about society.
Key roles include campaigning, legislating, and public service. Understanding this word is vital for discussing how a country or city is managed.

The term politicians refers to individuals who are professionally involved in politics, particularly those who hold or are seeking an elected office within a government. At its core, the word describes the actors within a political system who represent the interests of the public, propose legislation, and manage the affairs of a state, nation, or local community. While the technical definition is neutral, the usage of the word in modern English often carries a heavy weight of both civic duty and, occasionally, public skepticism. People use this word when discussing the leadership of their country, the process of lawmaking, or the various campaigns that occur during election cycles. It is a plural noun that encompasses a wide range of roles, from local town councilors to the heads of state in global superpowers.

The Representative Role: Politicians act as the voice of their constituents, translating the needs and desires of the people into actionable policy and law. This involves a constant balance between personal ideology, party loyalty, and the demands of the voting public.

During the debate, the politicians argued over the best way to allocate the city's budget for the upcoming fiscal year.

Historically, the concept of politicians dates back to the Greek 'polis' or city-state, where citizens participated in the governance of their community. In contemporary society, the term is ubiquitous in news media, academic discussions, and casual conversation. When we talk about politicians, we are often talking about the mechanism of power itself. We see them on television during debates, read about their policy proposals in newspapers, and interact with them during town hall meetings. The word is essential for any discussion regarding democracy, governance, and social organization. It is important to note that the term can be used both respectfully, to denote a dedicated public servant, and pejoratively, to imply someone who is more concerned with personal gain or power than the public good.

The Legislative Context: In a legislative setting, politicians are the individuals responsible for drafting, debating, and voting on bills. Their work determines the legal framework within which a society operates, covering everything from healthcare to infrastructure.

Furthermore, the life of politicians is often characterized by the 'campaign'—the period before an election where they seek to persuade the public to vote for them. This involves public speaking, fundraising, and the articulation of a vision for the future. Because of this, the word is frequently associated with rhetoric and persuasion. Whether one views them as essential pillars of democracy or as figures of controversy, politicians remain the primary human face of the abstract concept of 'government'. Their decisions have tangible impacts on the daily lives of billions, making the understanding of this term crucial for global citizenship.

Many young people are becoming politicians because they want to see real change in environmental policy.

Public Perception: The way society views politicians often shifts based on the economic and social climate. In times of crisis, they are looked to for leadership; in times of stability, they may be scrutinized for their efficiency and ethics.

The documentary explored the private lives of several prominent politicians to show the human side of governance.

In conclusion, 'politicians' is a term that bridges the gap between the individual and the state. It describes those who navigate the complex world of power, policy, and public opinion. Understanding this word requires an appreciation for the multifaceted nature of their work, which includes everything from local community service to international diplomacy. As the world becomes more interconnected, the role of politicians continues to evolve, reflecting the changing needs and values of the global population.

It is the responsibility of politicians to ensure that the laws of the land protect the most vulnerable members of society.

History often remembers politicians not for their words, but for the lasting impact of the legislation they passed.

Using the word politicians correctly involves understanding its grammatical function as a plural count noun and its common collocations. Because it refers to a group of people, it is frequently paired with verbs that describe collective action, communication, or conflict. For instance, politicians 'debate', 'vote', 'campaign', 'promise', and 'represent'. When you are constructing a sentence, you must ensure that the verb agrees with the plural form. For example, 'The politicians are meeting' is correct, whereas 'The politicians is meeting' is not. The word often appears as the subject of a sentence when discussing government actions or as the object when discussing public opinion.

Subject-Verb Agreement: Since 'politicians' is plural, it requires plural verb forms. Example: 'Politicians often face intense scrutiny from the media.'

Local politicians have been working tirelessly to improve the public transportation system in our city.

In terms of adjectives, 'politicians' is often modified to specify their level of government or their reputation. You might hear about 'local politicians', 'national politicians', 'career politicians', or 'corrupt politicians'. These modifiers help to narrow down the specific group being discussed. In more formal or academic writing, you might see 'politicians' used in conjunction with terms like 'policy-makers' or 'legislators' to provide variety and precision. It is also common to see the word used in possessive form, 'politicians' decisions' or 'politicians' promises', to attribute specific outcomes or statements to the group.

Common Adjectives: Adjectives like 'prominent', 'influential', 'aspiring', and 'veteran' are frequently used to describe the status and experience of politicians.

When discussing the actions of politicians, it is helpful to use active verbs that highlight their agency. For example, 'Politicians enacted a new law' is more direct than 'A new law was enacted by politicians'. This emphasizes their responsibility and role in the process. Additionally, the word is often used in contrast with 'citizens' or 'voters' to highlight the relationship between the governors and the governed. For example, 'Politicians must listen to the concerns of their constituents' illustrates the duty of the elected official to the person who voted for them.

The politicians involved in the scandal were forced to resign from their positions immediately.

Prepositional Phrases: Phrases like 'among politicians', 'between politicians', and 'by politicians' are common. Example: 'There is a growing consensus among politicians that climate change requires urgent action.'

We need politicians who are willing to put the needs of the country above their own political interests.

In summary, using 'politicians' in a sentence requires attention to pluralization and an understanding of the word's social and professional connotations. By pairing it with appropriate verbs and adjectives, you can clearly communicate ideas about governance, leadership, and public life. Whether you are writing an essay, participating in a debate, or simply having a conversation about current events, the word 'politicians' is a fundamental tool for expressing complex ideas about how our society is managed.

The conference brought together politicians from over fifty countries to discuss global security.

Many people feel that politicians are out of touch with the everyday struggles of ordinary citizens.

The word politicians is a staple of daily communication across various media and social settings. Perhaps the most common place you will encounter this word is in the news. Whether it is a television broadcast, a digital news site, or a traditional newspaper, the actions and statements of politicians form the backbone of current events reporting. Headlines often feature the word when describing new laws, election results, or political scandals. In this context, the word is used to identify the individuals who are driving the narrative of the day. You will hear news anchors say things like, 'Politicians in the capital are debating the new tax bill,' or 'A group of politicians has called for an inquiry into the matter.'

In the News Media: News outlets use 'politicians' as a general term to describe anyone from a local mayor to a member of parliament or congress. It is the standard identifier for people in the political sphere.

The evening news featured a segment on how politicians are responding to the economic downturn.

Social media is another environment where the word 'politicians' is frequently used, often with a more critical or passionate tone. Platforms like Twitter, Facebook, and Reddit are filled with discussions about the performance of various politicians. Here, the word is often used in the context of activism, where users call on politicians to take action on specific issues. You might see hashtags like #AskYourPoliticians or comments like 'Politicians need to stop ignoring the housing crisis.' In these spaces, the word serves as a collective noun for those in power who are being held accountable by the public. It is also a place where political satire and memes often target politicians, using the word to highlight perceived absurdities in the political process.

On Social Media: Social media discussions often use 'politicians' to express collective frustration or to mobilize support for specific causes, making it a key term in digital activism.

In educational and professional settings, 'politicians' is used in a more analytical way. In a political science lecture or a history class, the word is used to discuss the development of government systems and the roles of individuals within them. Students might analyze the strategies used by politicians to win elections or the impact of certain politicians on the course of history. In professional environments, such as law firms or non-profit organizations, the word is used when discussing lobbying efforts or the need to influence legislation. Here, the focus is on the functional role of politicians as decision-makers who can be persuaded or partnered with to achieve specific goals.

In our political science seminar, we discussed the different ways that politicians build coalitions to pass complex laws.

In Academic Discourse: Academics use 'politicians' to describe the actors within a political system, focusing on their behavior, motivations, and the institutional constraints they face.

The non-profit group is organizing a meeting with several politicians to advocate for better healthcare funding.

Finally, you will hear the word 'politicians' in everyday casual conversations—at the dinner table, in a coffee shop, or during a break at work. People often talk about politicians when they are discussing the state of the world or how local issues are being handled. Phrases like 'I don't trust politicians' or 'We need better politicians' are common expressions of personal opinion. In these settings, the word acts as a shorthand for the entire political class, representing the people who hold the power to change things. Whether the tone is one of hope, frustration, or indifference, the word 'politicians' is central to how we talk about our shared life in a community.

My grandfather always said that politicians should spend more time listening and less time talking.

During the holiday dinner, the family tried to avoid talking about politicians to keep the atmosphere peaceful.

One of the most frequent mistakes learners make is confusing the word politicians with related words like 'politics' or 'policy'. While they all share the same root, they function differently in a sentence. 'Politicians' refers to the *people* (the actors), 'politics' refers to the *subject* or the *process* (the field), and 'policy' refers to the *plan* or the *rules* (the output). For example, you cannot say 'I am studying politicians' if you mean you are studying the subject of government; you should say 'I am studying politics'. Conversely, you wouldn't say 'The politics are voting today'; you would say 'The politicians are voting today'. Understanding these distinctions is key to clear communication.

Politicians vs. Politics: 'Politicians' are the individuals; 'politics' is the activity or the academic discipline. Example: 'Politicians (people) engage in politics (activity).'

Incorrect: The politics made a big mistake. Correct: The politicians made a big mistake.

Another common error is the misuse of the singular and plural forms. Since 'politicians' is the plural of 'politician', it must be used when referring to more than one person. A common mistake is to use 'politician' as a collective noun, similar to how 'police' is used. However, 'politician' is a standard count noun. You can have one politician, two politicians, or many politicians. You cannot say 'The politician are meeting' if you mean a group; you must use the plural 'politicians'. Additionally, learners sometimes struggle with the spelling, often forgetting the 'i' after the 't' or the 'c' before the 'i'. Careful attention to the spelling 'p-o-l-i-t-i-c-i-a-n-s' is necessary.

Singular vs. Plural: Always use 'politician' for one person and 'politicians' for two or more. Example: 'He is a politician' vs. 'They are politicians.'

Learners also sometimes use 'politicians' when they should use more specific titles. While 'politicians' is a correct general term, in formal contexts, it is often better to use the specific title of the person or group you are referring to, such as 'Senators', 'Members of Parliament', 'Governors', or 'Councilors'. Using the general term 'politicians' can sometimes sound overly broad or even slightly dismissive in a formal report. For example, instead of saying 'The politicians passed the bill', saying 'The Senate passed the bill' provides more precise information about who was involved in the action.

Incorrect: All the politician in the room were silent. Correct: All the politicians in the room were silent.

Overgeneralization: Avoid using 'politicians' when a more specific title (like 'ministers' or 'representatives') would be more accurate and professional.

Incorrect: I don't like politicals. Correct: I don't like politicians.

Finally, be aware of the connotation of the word. In some contexts, calling someone a 'politician' can be an insult, implying they are manipulative or insincere. If you want to speak positively about someone's work in government, you might use terms like 'public servant' or 'statesman'. A 'statesman' is often seen as a politician who is especially wise, skilled, and respected. Using 'politician' to describe a highly respected historical figure like Nelson Mandela or Abraham Lincoln might feel a bit too small for their legacy; 'statesman' would be more appropriate. Understanding these nuances helps you navigate the social and emotional landscape of the English language.

While he was a skilled politician, he is remembered more as a visionary statesman.

Don't confuse politicians with civil servants; civil servants are unelected employees of the government.

While politicians is the most common and general term, there are several alternatives that can provide more specific meaning or a different tone. Choosing the right word depends on the context of your discussion and the level of formality you wish to achieve. For example, 'legislators' specifically refers to those who make laws, while 'officials' can refer to anyone in a position of authority, whether elected or appointed. Understanding these synonyms allows you to vary your vocabulary and be more precise in your descriptions of government and power.

Legislators: This term is used for politicians who are members of a legislative body, such as a parliament or congress. It emphasizes their role in creating and passing laws.
Statesmen/Stateswomen: A more prestigious term used for politicians who are regarded as wise, experienced, and dedicated to the long-term good of their country rather than short-term political gain.

The legislators spent all night debating the amendments to the healthcare bill.

Another set of alternatives includes terms like 'representatives' and 'public servants'. 'Representatives' highlights the democratic duty of politicians to act on behalf of the people who elected them. This word is often used in a positive or neutral sense to describe the relationship between the official and the community. 'Public servants' is an even more positive term, suggesting that the individual's primary motivation is to serve the public interest. It is often used in speeches or formal tributes to emphasize the altruistic side of political work. In contrast, 'office-holders' is a very neutral, technical term for anyone currently holding a political position.

Public Servants: This term emphasizes the duty of politicians to serve the community. It is often used to frame political work as a noble or selfless profession.
Elected Officials: A formal and precise term that distinguishes those who were voted into office from those who were appointed or hired as civil servants.

On the more specific side, you have titles like 'lawmakers', 'ministers', 'senators', and 'councilors'. 'Lawmakers' is a common journalistic synonym for politicians in a legislative role. 'Ministers' usually refers to politicians who head a specific government department (like the Minister of Finance). 'Senators' and 'Councilors' are specific to the level and type of government body they belong to. Using these specific terms makes your writing more professional and informative. For example, 'The city councilors voted on the new park' is much more descriptive than 'The politicians voted on the new park'.

Many public servants work behind the scenes to ensure that government programs run smoothly.

Lawmakers: A direct synonym for legislators, often used in news headlines because it is short and descriptive.

The statesman was praised for his ability to bring opposing sides together during the peace negotiations.

In conclusion, while 'politicians' is a perfectly good word, being aware of its alternatives allows you to express yourself with greater nuance. Whether you want to emphasize their role in lawmaking, their duty to the public, or their level of experience, there is a word that fits the bill. By choosing the most appropriate term, you can convey not just who you are talking about, but also your perspective on their role and actions. This mastery of synonyms is a hallmark of advanced English proficiency.

The representatives from each district met to discuss the regional development plan.

As office-holders, they are required to disclose their financial interests to avoid conflicts of interest.

How Formal Is It?

フォーマル

ニュートラル

カジュアル

Child friendly

スラング

豆知識

In the 16th century, the word 'politician' was often used to describe someone who was 'crafty' or 'scheming'. This negative connotation has existed for hundreds of years!

発音ガイド

UK /ˌpɒl.ɪˈtɪʃ.ənz/

US /ˌpɑː.ləˈtɪʃ.ənz/

po-li-TI-cians

韻が合う語

Musicians Technicians Physicians Magicians Opticians Statisticians Clinicians Electricians

よくある間違い

Pronouncing the 'c' as a hard 'k' sound.
Stressing the first syllable instead of the third.
Forgetting the 'i' after the 't', making it sound like 'pol-ticians'.
Confusing the ending with '-tion' instead of '-cian'.
Mispronouncing the 'o' as a long 'oh' sound.

難易度

読解 3/5

The word is common in news articles, which can be complex, but the word itself is recognizable.

ライティング 4/5

Spelling the '-ician' ending can be tricky for some learners.

スピーキング 3/5

Pronunciation is generally straightforward once the stress is learned.

リスニング 2/5

Very common in audio media, making it easy to encounter and identify.

次に学ぶべきこと

前提知識

Government Vote Law Rule People

次に学ぶ

Legislation Constituents Electorate Diplomacy Bureaucracy

上級

Technocracy Plutocracy Demagoguery Partisanship Incumbency

知っておくべき文法

Plural Noun Agreement

The politicians *are* (not *is*) meeting today.

Possessive Plural

The politicians' (not politician's) promises were forgotten.

Collective vs. Individual

Use 'politicians' for the group and 'politician' for an individual.

Adjective Placement

Use 'local politicians' (Adjective + Noun) to specify the group.

Prepositional Use

We vote *for* politicians, not *to* politicians.

レベル別の例文

The politicians are on the news.

Les politiciens sont aux informations.

Plural subject 'politicians' takes the plural verb 'are'.

I want to be one of the politicians.

Je veux être l'un des politiciens.

Use 'politicians' after 'one of the'.

Politicians make the rules.

Les politiciens font les règles.

Simple present tense for a general fact.

We vote for politicians.

Nous votons pour des politiciens.

Preposition 'for' followed by the noun 'politicians'.

Are the politicians in the city hall?

Les politiciens sont-ils à la mairie ?

Question form with 'Are' at the beginning.

The politicians are talking now.

Les politiciens parlent maintenant.

Present continuous tense 'are talking'.

Many politicians live in the capital.

Beaucoup de politiciens vivent dans la capitale.

Adjective 'Many' modifies 'politicians'.

The politicians wear suits.

Les politiciens portent des costumes.

General observation using simple present.

Politicians give speeches before the election.

Les politiciens prononcent des discours avant l'élection.

Plural noun 'politicians' as the subject.

Do you know any famous politicians?

Connaissez-vous des politiciens célèbres ?

Use 'any' in a question with a plural noun.

The politicians promised to build a new school.

Les politiciens ont promis de construire une nouvelle école.

Past tense 'promised' followed by an infinitive.

Local politicians help the people in our town.

Les politiciens locaux aident les gens de notre ville.

Adjective 'Local' specifies the type of politicians.

I saw the politicians on the street today.

J'ai vu les politiciens dans la rue aujourd'hui.

Direct object 'politicians' after the verb 'saw'.

Politicians often travel to other countries.

Les politiciens voyagent souvent dans d'autres pays.

Adverb 'often' placed before the verb 'travel'.

Some politicians are very young.

Certains politiciens sont très jeunes.

Determiner 'Some' used with a plural noun.

The politicians work in the parliament building.

Les politiciens travaillent dans le bâtiment du parlement.

Prepositional phrase 'in the parliament building'.

Politicians must listen to the concerns of the public.

Les politiciens doivent écouter les préoccupations du public.

Modal verb 'must' followed by the base form 'listen'.

The politicians are debating the new environmental law.

Les politiciens débattent de la nouvelle loi sur l'environnement.

Present continuous 'are debating' shows an ongoing action.

It is difficult for politicians to please everyone.

Il est difficile pour les politiciens de plaire à tout le monde.

Adjective 'difficult' followed by 'for [noun] to [verb]'.

Many politicians belong to a political party.

De nombreux politiciens appartiennent à un parti politique.

Verb 'belong to' indicates membership.

The politicians were interviewed by the journalist.

Les politiciens ont été interviewés par le journaliste.

Passive voice 'were interviewed by'.

Politicians have a lot of responsibility for the economy.

Les politiciens ont une grande responsabilité envers l'économie.

Noun 'responsibility' followed by 'for'.

Some politicians are more popular than others.

Certains politiciens sont plus populaires que d'autres.

Comparative 'more popular than'.

The politicians met to discuss the international crisis.

Les politiciens se sont réunis pour discuter de la crise internationale.

Infinitive of purpose 'to discuss'.

Politicians often face criticism for their lack of transparency.

Les politiciens sont souvent critiqués pour leur manque de transparence.

Noun 'criticism' followed by 'for'.

The politicians reached a compromise after hours of negotiation.

Les politiciens sont parvenus à un compromis après des heures de négociation.

Verb 'reached' used with the noun 'compromise'.

Politicians are responsible for allocating the national budget.

Les politiciens sont responsables de l'allocation du budget national.

Adjective 'responsible' followed by 'for' and a gerund.

The role of politicians has changed significantly in the digital age.

Le rôle des politiciens a considérablement changé à l'ère du numérique.

Present perfect 'has changed' with the adverb 'significantly'.

Many politicians rely on social media to reach younger voters.

De nombreux politiciens s'appuient sur les réseaux sociaux pour atteindre les jeunes électeurs.

Phrasal verb 'rely on'.

Politicians must balance party loyalty with the needs of their constituents.

Les politiciens doivent équilibrer la loyauté envers leur parti avec les besoins de leurs électeurs.

Verb 'balance' used with 'with'.

The politicians were accused of ignoring the scientific evidence.

Les politiciens ont été accusés d'ignorer les preuves scientifiques.

Passive construction 'were accused of' followed by a gerund.

Career politicians often have a deep understanding of the legislative process.

Les politiciens de carrière ont souvent une compréhension approfondie du processus législatif.

Compound noun 'Career politicians'.

Politicians often utilize sophisticated rhetoric to frame complex issues.

Les politiciens utilisent souvent une rhétorique sophistiquée pour formuler des problèmes complexes.

Verb 'utilize' is a more formal alternative to 'use'.

The ethical conduct of politicians is a subject of constant public debate.

La conduite éthique des politiciens est un sujet de débat public constant.

Possessive 'of politicians' modifies 'ethical conduct'.

Politicians must navigate a landscape of competing interest groups.

Les politiciens doivent naviguer dans un paysage de groupes d'intérêts concurrents.

Metaphorical use of the verb 'navigate'.

The disconnect between politicians and the electorate can lead to social unrest.

Le décalage entre les politiciens et l'électorat peut mener à des troubles sociaux.

Noun 'disconnect' followed by 'between... and'.

Politicians are increasingly scrutinized by independent fact-checking organizations.

Les politiciens sont de plus en plus surveillés par des organisations indépendantes de vérification des faits.

Adverb 'increasingly' modifies the passive verb 'scrutinized'.

The strategic alliances formed by politicians are crucial for passing legislation.

Les alliances stratégiques formées par les politiciens sont cruciales pour l'adoption des lois.

Past participle phrase 'formed by politicians' modifies 'alliances'.

Politicians often have to make difficult trade-offs between economic growth and environmental protection.

Les politiciens doivent souvent faire des compromis difficiles entre la croissance économique et la protection de l'environnement.

Noun 'trade-offs' followed by 'between... and'.

The longevity of politicians in office can sometimes hinder political innovation.

La longévité des politiciens au pouvoir peut parfois entraver l'innovation politique.

Noun 'longevity' followed by 'of politicians'.

The Machiavellian maneuvers of certain politicians can undermine the foundations of democracy.

Les manœuvres machiavéliques de certains politiciens peuvent saper les fondements de la démocratie.

Adjective 'Machiavellian' adds a specific literary and historical nuance.

Politicians operate within a complex web of geopolitical constraints and domestic pressures.

Les politiciens opèrent au sein d'un réseau complexe de contraintes géopolitiques et de pressions nationales.

Metaphorical use of 'web' to describe complexity.

The discursive strategies employed by politicians shape the very reality of the citizenry.

Les stratégies discursives employées par les politiciens façonnent la réalité même de la citoyenneté.

Adjective 'discursive' refers to the use of language in social contexts.

Politicians are often the architects of social engineering projects that span generations.

Les politiciens sont souvent les architectes de projets d'ingénierie sociale qui s'étendent sur des générations.

Metaphorical use of 'architects'.

The inherent tension between the personal ambitions of politicians and the collective good is a central theme in political philosophy.

La tension inhérente entre les ambitions personnelles des politiciens et le bien collectif est un thème central de la philosophie politique.

Noun 'tension' followed by 'between... and'.

Politicians must grapple with the ethical implications of emerging technologies like artificial intelligence.

Les politiciens doivent faire face aux implications éthiques des technologies émergentes comme l'intelligence artificielle.

Verb 'grapple with' indicates a difficult struggle with an idea.

The historical legacy of politicians is often subject to intense revisionism by subsequent generations.

L'héritage historique des politiciens est souvent sujet à un révisionnisme intense par les générations suivantes.

Noun 'revisionism' refers to the re-examination of historical facts.

Politicians are the primary conduits through which the abstract will of the state is manifested.

Les politiciens sont les principaux conduits par lesquels la volonté abstraite de l'État se manifeste.

Noun 'conduits' used metaphorically.

よく使う組み合わせ

Local politicians

National politicians

Career politicians

Politicians promise

Politicians debate

Corrupt politicians

Aspiring politicians

Veteran politicians

Among politicians

Trust in politicians

よく使うフレーズ

Run for office

Hold office

Political party

Election campaign

Public opinion

Pass a bill

Town hall meeting

Political arena

Vote of no confidence

Cross the aisle

よく混同される語

politicians vs Politics

Politics is the subject or activity; politicians are the people who do it.

politicians vs Policy

Policy is the plan or rule; politicians are the ones who create it.

politicians vs Political

Political is an adjective; politicians is a noun for people.

慣用句と表現

"Kissing babies"

A classic activity for politicians during a campaign to show they are friendly and caring. It is often used slightly sarcastically.

He spent the whole weekend kissing babies and shaking hands at the fair.

Informal

"Backroom deal"

A secret agreement made by politicians away from the public eye. It often implies something slightly dishonest.

Many people suspect a backroom deal was made to pass the controversial law.

Informal

"Play politics"

To act in a way that is motivated by political gain rather than the public good. It is usually a criticism.

Stop playing politics and start solving the problem!

Informal

"Stump speech"

A standard speech that a politician gives many times during a campaign. It comes from the old practice of standing on a tree stump.

The politician gave his usual stump speech to the crowd in the square.

Neutral

"Throw one's hat in the ring"

To officially announce that you are going to run for a political office. It means becoming a candidate.

Several new politicians have thrown their hats in the ring for the upcoming election.

Informal

"Party line"

The official set of beliefs or policies of a political party. Politicians are often expected to follow it.

The politicians were told to stick to the party line during the interview.

Neutral

"Political football"

An issue that politicians use to attack each other rather than trying to solve it. The issue is 'kicked' back and forth.

Healthcare has become a political football in this country.

Informal

"Smoke-filled rooms"

A place where powerful politicians make secret decisions. It refers to an older time when smoking was common in meetings.

The candidate was chosen in smoke-filled rooms, not by the voters.

Informal

"Dark horse"

A politician who is not well-known but suddenly becomes a successful candidate. It is a surprise winner.

She was a dark horse in the election, but she ended up winning.

Informal

"Across the aisle"

Refers to the opposing political party. 'Reaching across the aisle' means working with the other side.

We need more politicians who are willing to reach across the aisle.

Neutral

間違えやすい

politicians vs Statesmen

Both refer to people in government.

Statesmen is a more positive and prestigious term, usually for very respected and wise politicians.

He was not just a politician; he was a true statesman.

politicians vs Civil Servants

Both work for the government.

Politicians are elected by the people; civil servants are hired employees who do not change when a new party wins.

The politicians make the laws, but the civil servants carry them out.

politicians vs Diplomats

Both represent their country.

Diplomats specifically represent their country in foreign relations and are often appointed, not elected.

The politicians in the capital sent a team of diplomats to the peace talks.

politicians vs Activists

Both try to change society.

Activists work outside the government to pressure for change; politicians work inside the government to make laws.

The activists marched in the street to get the politicians' attention.

politicians vs Lobbyists

Both are involved in the political process.

Lobbyists are paid to influence politicians; they do not hold elected office themselves.

The lobbyists met with several politicians to discuss the new energy bill.

文型パターン

The [politicians] are [adjective].

The politicians are busy.

[Politicians] like to [verb].

Politicians like to talk.

Many [politicians] believe that [clause].

Many politicians believe that taxes should be lower.

The [politicians] were criticized for [gerund].

The politicians were criticized for raising the prices.

It is incumbent upon [politicians] to [verb].

It is incumbent upon politicians to protect the environment.

The [adjective] maneuvers of [politicians] [verb] [object].

The strategic maneuvers of politicians dictate the national discourse.

A group of [politicians] met to [verb].

A group of politicians met to discuss the new school.

Despite their differences, the [politicians] [verb].

Despite their differences, the politicians agreed on the plan.

語族

名詞

動詞

形容詞

使い方

frequency

Extremely high in news, academic, and daily discourse.

よくある間違い

The politics are meeting today. → The politicians are meeting today.
'Politics' is the subject; 'politicians' are the people. You cannot use 'politics' to refer to individuals.
He is a politicians. → He is a politician.
'Politicians' is plural. Use the singular 'politician' for one person.
I don't like politicals. → I don't like politicians.
'Political' is an adjective. You must use the noun 'politicians' to refer to the people.
The politicians's promises. → The politicians' promises.
For plural nouns ending in 's', the possessive is formed by adding just an apostrophe at the end.
I am studying politicians at university. → I am studying politics at university.
You study the subject (politics), not the people (politicians), unless you are doing a very specific biographical study.

ヒント

Plural Agreement

Always remember that 'politicians' is plural. Use 'are', 'were', and 'have' with it. Never say 'The politicians is'!

Use Specific Titles

In formal writing, try to use more specific terms like 'legislators', 'senators', or 'representatives' instead of just 'politicians'.

The '-ician' Suffix

Think of other jobs like 'musician' or 'technician' to help you remember how to spell the end of 'politicians'.

Positive Alternatives

If you want to sound more respectful, use the term 'public servants' instead of 'politicians'.

Politicians vs. Politics

Don't confuse the people (politicians) with the subject (politics). You study politics, but you vote for politicians.

Word Stress

Make sure to put the emphasis on the third syllable: po-li-TI-cians. This makes your speech sound more natural.

Active Verbs

When describing what politicians do, use strong verbs like 'advocate', 'legislate', or 'negotiate'.

News Keywords

When you hear 'politicians' in the news, listen for the next few words; they often tell you which party or country they are from.

Be Aware of Tone

Understand that 'politician' can be used as a mild insult in some contexts, implying someone is being insincere.

Visual Link

Visualize a ballot box and a group of people in suits. This will help you quickly recall the word 'politicians'.

暗記しよう

記憶術

Remember 'POLI-TISH-UNS'. 'Poli' means many (like many people), and they 'tish' (teach) us about the 'uns' (units) of government. Or think of 'Polly' the parrot who 'ticks' boxes in an election.

視覚的連想

Imagine a group of people standing on a stage with microphones, wearing suits, and waving to a large crowd. This is the classic image of politicians.

Word Web

Government Laws Voting Parties Elections Speeches Debates Power

チャレンジ

Try to name five famous politicians from five different countries. Then, write a sentence for each one using the word 'politicians' in the plural.

語源

The word 'politician' comes from the Greek word 'polites', meaning 'citizen'. This is derived from 'polis', which means 'city' or 'city-state'. It entered Middle English via the Old French 'politique' and the Latin 'politicus'.

元の意味： Originally, it referred to a person who was a citizen of a city-state and participated in its governance. It was more about civic duty than a professional career.

Indo-European (Greek -> Latin -> French -> English)

文化的な背景

Be careful when discussing politicians in mixed company, as political views can be very personal and lead to strong disagreements.

In the UK, politicians are often called 'MPs' (Members of Parliament). In the US, they are often called 'Congressmen' or 'Senators'.

Winston Churchill (famous UK politician/statesman) Abraham Lincoln (famous US politician/statesman) Nelson Mandela (famous South African politician/statesman)

実生活で練習する

実際の使用場面

Elections

Vote for politicians
Politicians on the ballot
Candidates and politicians
Politicians' platforms

News/Current Events

Politicians react to
Politicians announce
According to politicians
Politicians under fire

Lawmaking

Politicians pass laws
Politicians debate bills
Politicians in parliament
Politicians' votes

Public Service

Politicians serve the people
Local politicians' duties
Politicians' responsibilities
Trust in politicians

History

Famous politicians of the past
The role of politicians in
Politicians' legacies
Great statesmen and politicians

会話のきっかけ

"Do you think politicians today are doing a good job of listening to young people?"

"If you could ask your local politicians one question, what would it be?"

"Why do you think some people have a negative view of politicians?"

"Would you ever consider becoming one of the politicians in your country?"

"How has the internet changed the way politicians communicate with us?"

日記のテーマ

Write about a time you saw politicians on the news. What were they talking about and what was your reaction?

Imagine you are one of the politicians in your city. What is the first law you would try to change?

Discuss the qualities you think are most important for politicians to have in the 21st century.

Do you believe that politicians should be more like ordinary citizens? Why or why not?

Write a letter to a group of politicians explaining an issue that is important to your community.

よくある質問

10 問

No, it is technically a neutral term. However, in many cultures, it can have a negative connotation because people are often critical of the government. To be more positive, you can use 'public servants'.

A politician is anyone in politics. A statesman is a politician who is seen as especially wise, skilled, and dedicated to the long-term good of the country. It is a title of high respect.

No, 'politicians' is plural. For one person, you must use 'politician'. For example: 'She is a politician' but 'They are politicians'.

Most do, but some are 'independents,' meaning they do not belong to any political party. However, they are still called politicians.

Yes, a mayor is a local politician because they are an elected official who manages a city's government.

It is spelled p-o-l-i-t-i-c-i-a-n-s. Remember the 'i' after the 't' and the 'c' before the 'i'.

Common verbs include: debate, vote, campaign, promise, represent, enact, propose, and resign.

No. Only those who are elected or hold high-level political appointments are usually called politicians. Most government workers are 'civil servants'.

Because the news focuses on the decisions and actions that affect society, and politicians are the primary people making those decisions.

A career politician is someone who has spent almost their entire professional life working in political roles, rather than having a career in another field first.