To pretend means to act like something is real, even if it's not.
For example, a child might pretend to be a superhero.
You can also pretend to be happy when you are actually sad.
It's like playing a game where you act a certain way.
To pretend means to act like something is real, but it's not. Imagine you are playing a game and you act like a superhero, even though you are not a real one. You are pretending! People also pretend when they don't want to show how they really feel, like pretending to be happy when they are sad.
To pretend at a B2 level implies a more nuanced understanding of the act, extending beyond simple make-believe.
It often involves intentionally presenting a false appearance or facade to others, whether to deceive, manipulate, or protect oneself.
This can manifest in feigning emotions, adopting a false persona, or fabricating stories.
The motivation behind pretending at this level is usually more complex, ranging from social conformity to strategic maneuvering in various situations.
At a C2 level, 'pretend' signifies a nuanced act of feigning or simulating, often involving sophisticated cognitive and social maneuvering. It delves beyond simple make-believe, encompassing deliberate misrepresentation or the adoption of an elaborate facade to achieve a specific outcome or conceal genuine sentiment. This can manifest in theatrical performance, strategic deception, or even a profound psychological dissociation, where the pretense becomes an ingrained aspect of one's persona. The term, therefore, reflects a masterful manipulation of reality, whether for creative expression, calculated advantage, or complex emotional evasion, demanding a deep understanding of human behavior and motivation.
§ Understanding the Basics
The verb 'pretend' is a versatile word used to describe acting as if something is true when it is not. It can refer to playful imagination, a deliberate deception, or even an attempt to put on a brave face. Let's explore its grammatical patterns and common usages.
§ Basic Sentence Structure
The most common way to use 'pretend' is followed by an infinitive (to + verb) or a 'that' clause. It can also be followed by a noun phrase, though this is less common.
- Verb + to + Infinitive
- This is a very common structure, especially when talking about imaginative play or feigning an action.
The children pretended to be superheroes flying through the sky.
He pretended not to hear her question.
- Verb + that + Clause
- This structure is used when the pretense involves a statement or a situation.
She pretended that everything was fine, even though she was upset.
Let's pretend that we're on a desert island.
- Verb + Noun Phrase (less common)
- While less frequent, 'pretend' can sometimes take a noun phrase directly, implying a false identity or role.
The detective had to pretend a complete stranger.
§ Prepositions with 'Pretend'
'Pretend' typically doesn't take a preposition directly after it when referring to the action of feigning. However, prepositions might appear in the clause that follows 'pretend'.
No specific preposition is directly linked to 'pretend' itself in the sense of 'pretend something'.
Prepositions will appear as part of the action or situation being pretended.
They pretended to be asleep when their parents walked in.
She pretended to be interested in the conversation.
§ Common Uses and Nuances
- Imaginative Play
- This is a very common context for 'pretend', especially with children.
The kids love to pretend they are pirates searching for treasure.
- Hiding True Feelings/Deception
- 'Pretend' can also be used to describe acting in a way that conceals one's true emotions or intentions.
He pretended to be happy for her, but he was secretly jealous.
It's hard to pretend confidence when you're feeling nervous.
The word "pretend" is quite versatile and can be encountered in various contexts, from casual conversations to more formal settings. Its core meaning revolves around acting as if something is true when it is not, often involving an element of imagination or an attempt to conceal reality. Let's explore where you're likely to hear this word in everyday life.
§ At School
In a school environment, "pretend" is frequently used, especially with younger children. It's a fundamental part of imaginative play, which is crucial for development. Teachers might encourage children to "pretend" to be animals, superheroes, or characters from a story. This helps foster creativity, social skills, and emotional expression.
The children love to pretend they are going on a space adventure during playtime.
Beyond playtime, "pretend" can also describe scenarios in classroom activities or role-playing exercises for older students. For example, in a drama class, students might be asked to "pretend" to be a certain historical figure or to act out a particular emotion. It's also used in more abstract ways when discussing hypothetical situations or thought experiments in subjects like science or philosophy.
Let's pretend the Earth is flat for a moment to understand the historical context of early explorers.
§ In the Workplace
In a professional setting, "pretend" can carry slightly different connotations. While less about imaginative play, it can describe situations where individuals or organizations present a certain image or act in a way that doesn't entirely reflect the reality. This isn't always negative; it can be part of strategic communication or managing expectations.
Despite the internal struggles, the company had to pretend everything was fine during the investor meeting.
However, it can also be used to highlight insincerity or a lack of authenticity. For example, an employee might be accused of "pretending" to be busy to avoid additional tasks, or a company might be criticized for "pretending" to care about customer service while their actions suggest otherwise.
It's hard to work with someone who always pretends to know everything when they clearly don't.
- DEFINITION
- To pretend means to behave as if something is true when it is actually false. It is often used to describe imaginative play or an attempt to hide one's true feelings or situation.
§ In the News and Media
News reports and media commentary often use "pretend" when discussing political maneuvers, public relations strategies, or perceived deception. Journalists might use it to critique politicians who "pretend" to address an issue while taking no real action, or to expose individuals who "pretend" to be experts in a field they know little about.
Critics argue that the new policy is merely a way for the government to pretend they are tackling climate change.
In entertainment news, "pretend" is commonly used to describe actors and their roles. Actors "pretend" to be characters, immersing themselves in different personalities and narratives. It's also relevant when discussing hoaxes, scams, or any situation where individuals fabricate a story or identity for personal gain.
The documentary explores how the con artist managed to pretend to be a millionaire for years.
§ Everyday Conversations
Of course, "pretend" is a common word in everyday conversations among friends, family, and acquaintances. It can be used playfully, to suggest a game or a hypothetical situation. For instance, you might say, "Let's pretend we're on vacation," to lighten the mood or brainstorm ideas.
My little sister loves to pretend she's a doctor and gives us check-ups.
It can also be used to describe someone who is putting on an act or not being genuine about their feelings or intentions. You might hear someone say, "Don't pretend you're not upset," when they sense a friend is hiding their emotions.
He tried to pretend he didn't hear me, but I know he did.
- When talking about children's play: "The kids are pretending to be pirates."
- When discussing insincerity: "She always pretends to be interested in my hobbies."
- When suggesting a hypothetical: "Just pretend for a moment that money is no object."
In summary, "pretend" is a word that traverses various domains, reflecting its flexibility in describing both innocent imagination and deliberate misrepresentation. Being aware of these different contexts will help you better understand and use the word effectively.
§ Introduction to Common Mistakes
The verb "pretend" is a versatile word, but its specific nuances can sometimes lead to common errors for English learners, especially at the B1 CEFR level. Understanding these pitfalls can significantly improve your accuracy and fluency.
§ Mistake 1: Incorrect Verb Form After "Pretend"
One of the most frequent mistakes is using an incorrect verb form immediately following "pretend." The word "pretend" is typically followed by an infinitive with "to" (to + base form of the verb), not a gerund (-ing form) or a simple present tense verb.
- Incorrect Usage
- She pretends being happy.
- Correct Usage
- She pretends to be happy.
The children pretend to be superheroes.
§ Mistake 2: Confusing "Pretend" with "Lie"
While both words involve something not being true, their connotations and typical uses differ. "Pretend" often carries a sense of imaginative play, harmless deception, or masking one's feelings for social reasons. "Lie," on the other hand, implies an intentional untruth, usually with the aim to deceive or mislead, and often carries a negative moral judgment.
- Example of "Pretend"
- He pretended not to hear me because he was busy.
- Example of "Lie"
- He lied about his age to get into the club.
She pretended to be asleep when her parents came in.
§ Mistake 3: Overuse in Formal Contexts
While "pretend" is perfectly acceptable in everyday conversation and informal writing, using it too frequently or in very formal academic or professional contexts might sound slightly childish or imprecise. In such situations, consider alternatives that convey a more nuanced meaning.
- Instead of "He pretended to be sick to avoid work," you might say, "He feigned illness to avoid work."
- Instead of "They pretended not to notice the mistake," you might say, "They overlooked the mistake intentionally."
- Informal
- Let's pretend we're on a desert island.
- More Formal Alternative
- For the sake of argument, let us assume we are on a desert island.
The politician tried to pretend that the economy was improving, despite the evidence.
§ Mistake 4: Misunderstanding the Nuance of "Pretend" in Negative Sentences
When "pretend" is used with a negative, such as "not pretend," it means to genuinely express or do something, rather than feigning it. Some learners might mistakenly interpret "not pretend" as equivalent to simply "not doing something," when it actually emphasizes authenticity.
- Incorrect Interpretation
- She didn't pretend to like the gift (meaning she just didn't do anything).
- Correct Interpretation
- She didn't pretend to like the gift (meaning she genuinely expressed her dislike or indifference).
He was clearly upset; he couldn't even pretend to be calm.
§ Conclusion
By being aware of these common mistakes, you can use "pretend" more accurately and effectively in your English communication. Pay attention to the verb form that follows it, the subtle differences between "pretend" and "lie," the context of your communication, and the meaning of negative constructions. Practice using it in various sentences to solidify your understanding.
§ Understanding 'Pretend' in Context
The verb 'pretend' is quite versatile and carries nuances depending on the situation. Fundamentally, it describes an act of behaving in a certain way that is not genuine, either for play, to deceive, or to cope with a situation. Let's explore its close relatives and when to choose 'pretend' over them.
§ Similar Words and Nuances
- Feigning
- To feign means to give a false appearance of (a feeling, state, or injury). It often implies a more deliberate and often serious attempt to mislead, especially regarding emotions or physical conditions. While 'pretend' can be lighthearted, 'feign' usually suggests a more calculated act.
She tried to feign ignorance about the broken vase, but her guilty face gave her away.
- Simulating
- To simulate means to imitate the appearance or character of something. This term is often used in a more technical or scientific context, referring to creating a model or a situation that behaves like a real one, or to imitate a sound or action. It can also describe a person imitating something, often for practice or study.
The pilot trained in a flight simulator before his first solo flight.
- Acting/Playing a Role
- These phrases are very close to 'pretend,' especially in the context of imaginative play or performance. 'Acting' or 'playing a role' explicitly refers to taking on a character or persona, often in a theatrical sense or during children's games. 'Pretend' can encompass this, but 'acting' emphasizes the performance aspect more directly.
The children loved playing a role as superheroes in the garden.
- Faking
- To fake something means to produce a fraudulent copy or imitation of something, or to simulate an action or emotion insincerely. 'Faking' often implies a more deliberate deception, usually for personal gain or to avoid something, and can apply to both actions and objects. It carries a stronger negative connotation than 'pretend'.
He tried to fake a cough to get out of doing his homework.
§ When to Use 'Pretend'
'Pretend' is the most common and versatile of these words, particularly when discussing:
- Imaginative Play: This is where 'pretend' shines. It perfectly captures the innocent and creative nature of children's games.
- Hiding Feelings/Situations: When someone is attempting to conceal their true emotions or a difficult situation without necessarily intending malicious deception, 'pretend' is often the most appropriate word.
- Making-believe: Similar to imaginative play, 'pretend' is used when someone is engaging in a fantasy or a scenario that isn't real, often for fun or comfort.
§ Key Differences Summarized
Here's a quick guide to help you choose:
- Pretend: Most general, common for play, hiding feelings (less severe deception).
- Feign: More formal, often for serious attempts to mislead about emotions or physical states.
- Simulate: Often technical, imitating something for study, practice, or creating a model.
- Act/Play a Role: Explicitly about taking on a character, often in performance or structured play.
- Fake: Stronger connotation of deliberate deception, often for personal gain, and can apply to objects.
By understanding these subtle distinctions, you can select the most precise and effective word to convey your meaning.
How Formal Is It?
"The politician attempted to feign ignorance regarding the scandal."
"The children would often simulate a tea party with their dolls."
"He tried to fake a cough to get out of doing his homework."
"Let's play make-believe that we're astronauts on the moon!"
"She was trying to front like she didn't care, but I could tell she was upset."
知っておくべき文法
Pretend can be followed by an infinitive (to + verb). This construction is used to describe an action that someone is feigning.
He pretended to be asleep when his mom walked into the room.
Pretend can be followed by a 'that' clause, especially when describing a belief or a state of affairs that is being faked.
She pretended that she didn't hear the alarm clock this morning.
Pretend can also be used with 'as if' or 'as though' followed by a clause to describe a simulated situation or action.
He pretended as if he knew the answer, but he was just guessing.
When referring to a role or identity being feigned, 'pretend' is often followed by 'to be' and a noun or adjective.
The children love to pretend to be superheroes.
In some informal contexts, 'pretend' can be used intransitively (without a direct object) to simply mean to engage in imaginative play.
Let's pretend! You be the doctor, and I'll be the patient.
レベル別の例文
The children like to pretend to be superheroes.
kids act like superheroes
Simple present tense
He will pretend to be asleep.
he'll act like he's sleeping
Future tense with 'will'
Let's pretend we are on an island.
imagine we are on an island
Imperative form
She likes to pretend to cook.
she likes to play cooking
Simple present tense with 'likes to'
Don't pretend you don't know.
don't act like you don't know
Negative imperative
Can you pretend to be a cat?
can you act like a cat?
Question with 'can'
They often pretend to be animals.
they often act like animals
Simple present tense with 'often'
I pretend I am flying.
I act like I am flying
Simple present tense
The children love to pretend to be superheroes.
kids acting like heroes
verb + to be + noun
She would often pretend not to hear her mother calling.
acting deaf to mom's call
verb + not + to + verb
Let's pretend we're on a desert island.
imagine we're on an island
let's + verb
He pretended to be sick to avoid going to school.
faked illness for school skip
verb + to be + adjective
Don't pretend you don't know what I'm talking about.
don't act ignorant of my words
negative imperative + verb
They pretended to be asleep when their parents came in.
acted like they were sleeping
verb + to be + adjective/past participle
It's fun to pretend you're someone else sometimes.
enjoy acting as another person
it's + adjective + to + verb
She pretended to be happy, but I could tell she was sad.
acted cheerful, but was sad
verb + to be + adjective
The children love to pretend to be superheroes, flying around the garden with capes made of towels.
Kids enjoy acting like superheroes.
Here, 'pretend to be' is followed by a noun phrase indicating the role being acted.
She pretended not to hear me when I asked her to help with the dishes, hoping I would just do them myself.
She acted like she didn't hear me.
'Pretend not to' is used when someone feigns ignorance or inaction.
He's very good at pretending to be confident, even when he's feeling quite nervous inside.
He's skilled at faking confidence.
Similar to the first example, 'pretending to be' is followed by an adjective describing the feigned state.
Let's pretend that we're on a desert island and we have to find food and water.
Let's imagine we're on an island.
'Pretend that' introduces a hypothetical scenario.
I had to pretend to be interested in his long story, even though I was actually quite bored.
I had to act interested in his story.
Again, 'pretend to be' followed by an adjective.
They tried to pretend that nothing was wrong after the argument, but the tension was obvious.
They tried to act like everything was fine.
'Pretend that' followed by a clause describing the feigned situation.
It's hard to pretend to be happy when you're feeling sad, but sometimes you just have to.
It's difficult to fake happiness.
Another instance of 'pretend to be' with an adjective.
For their drama class, the students had to pretend to be various animals in the jungle.
Students had to act like animals.
'Pretend to be' followed by a noun phrase indicating the role.
She would often pretend to be asleep when her parents called her for chores, hoping they would forget.
She would often feign sleep when her parents summoned her for chores, hoping they would overlook it.
Here, 'pretend to be asleep' is a common phrasal verb indicating feigned unconsciousness.
He pretended not to notice the subtle hints she was dropping about wanting a promotion, preferring to avoid confrontation.
He feigned ignorance of the subtle cues she was giving about desiring a promotion, preferring to avoid conflict.
'Pretended not to notice' signifies intentionally ignoring something.
The children loved to pretend they were superheroes, flying around the garden and saving imaginary worlds.
The children enjoyed imagining themselves as superheroes, soaring through the garden and rescuing fantastical realms.
'Pretend they were superheroes' illustrates imaginative play where one adopts a different identity.
Despite her fear, she tried to pretend that everything was fine, putting on a brave face for her younger siblings.
Despite her apprehension, she attempted to act as if everything was satisfactory, presenting a courageous demeanor for her younger siblings.
'Pretend that everything was fine' implies concealing true emotions to appear composed.
For years, he pretended to understand complex financial jargon, but in reality, he was completely lost.
For years, he feigned comprehension of intricate financial terminology, but in actuality, he was utterly bewildered.
'Pretended to understand' highlights an act of deception regarding one's knowledge.
The politician often pretends to care deeply about environmental issues, yet his voting record suggests otherwise.
The politician frequently feigns profound concern for environmental matters, yet his legislative history indicates the contrary.
'Pretends to care' indicates insincere concern or hypocrisy.
We can pretend this never happened, but the consequences of our actions will still remain.
We can act as if this never occurred, but the repercussions of our deeds will nonetheless persist.
'Pretend this never happened' suggests attempting to ignore or deny an event.
It's difficult to pretend to be happy when you're feeling so utterly miserable inside.
It's challenging to feign happiness when you're experiencing such profound inner wretchedness.
'Pretend to be happy' denotes an effort to mask genuine unhappiness.
The diplomat had to pretend ignorance of the unfolding crisis, despite being fully briefed, to maintain deniability.
Diplomat musste so tun, als wüsste er nichts von der sich entfaltenden Krise, obwohl er vollständig informiert war, um Abstreitbarkeit zu wahren.
Here, 'pretend ignorance' is a common collocation, meaning to feign a lack of knowledge.
She would often pretend to be engrossed in her studies, strategically avoiding the arduous household chores her siblings were assigned.
Sie tat oft so, als wäre sie in ihre Studien vertieft, um den anstrengenden Hausarbeiten, die ihren Geschwistern zugewiesen wurden, strategisch auszuweichen.
The infinitive 'to be engrossed' follows 'pretend' to describe the feigned state.
He continued to pretend that his financial woes were nonexistent, projecting an image of effortless prosperity to his social circle.
Er tat weiterhin so, als gäbe es seine finanziellen Nöte nicht, und projizierte ein Bild mühelosen Wohlstands in seinen sozialen Kreis.
'Pretend that' introduces a clause detailing the false reality.
The aspiring novelist found it increasingly difficult to pretend an air of sophisticated nonchalance, as the looming deadline caused considerable anxiety.
Der aufstrebende Romancier fand es immer schwieriger, eine Aura von mondäner Nonchalance vorzutäuschen, da die drohende Frist erhebliche Angst verursachte.
Using 'pretend an air of' implies adopting a specific demeanor or attitude.
Despite the internal turmoil, the CEO had to pretend unshakeable confidence during the press conference to reassure investors.
Trotz des internen Aufruhrs musste der CEO während der Pressekonferenz unerschütterliches Vertrauen vortäuschen, um die Investoren zu beruhigen.
'Pretend confidence' is a direct object, meaning to feign that specific emotion.
Children often pretend at various professions during their imaginative play, from intrepid explorers to brilliant scientists.
Kinder tun oft so, als wären sie verschiedene Berufe während ihres fantasievollen Spiels, von unerschrockenen Entdeckern bis zu brillanten Wissenschaftlern.
'Pretend at' is used here to mean 'to act out' or 'to imitate' a role or activity.
The art forger was masterful at pretending the provenance of his counterfeit masterpieces, deceiving even seasoned experts.
Der Kunstfälscher war meisterhaft darin, die Herkunft seiner gefälschten Meisterwerke vorzutäuschen, und täuschte selbst erfahrene Experten.
'Pretending the provenance' means to fabricate or falsify the origin of something.
One cannot simply pretend away the systemic issues plaguing society; genuine reform requires concerted effort and honest confrontation.
Man kann die systemischen Probleme, die die Gesellschaft plagen, nicht einfach wegpretendieren; echte Reform erfordert konzertierte Anstrengungen und ehrliche Konfrontation.
'Pretend away' is a phrasal verb meaning to dismiss or ignore something as if it doesn't exist, often implying a futile attempt.
よく使う組み合わせ
よく使うフレーズ
Let's pretend!
He's just pretending.
Don't pretend you don't know.
She pretended not to notice.
They pretended to be asleep.
It's all pretend.
Are you pretending?
Stop pretending!
He likes to pretend he's a superhero.
She pretended to be happy, but she was really sad.
慣用句と表現
"to pretend ignorance"
to act as if you don't know something that you actually do know
He pretended ignorance about the broken vase, even though he was the only one in the room.
neutral"to pretend to be someone else"
to assume a false identity
Children often pretend to be superheroes or princesses during playtime.
neutral"to pretend to agree"
to give the impression of agreement while secretly disagreeing
She pretended to agree with her boss's idea, but she had no intention of following through.
neutral"to pretend not to notice"
to intentionally ignore something that is obvious
They pretended not to notice the awkward silence at the dinner table.
neutral"to pretend to be busy"
to act as if you have a lot to do to avoid something or someone
Whenever his neighbor came over, he would pretend to be busy with yard work.
neutral"to make believe"
to imagine and pretend that something is true, often used with children's play
Let's make believe we're flying to the moon!
informal"to play make-believe"
to engage in imaginative play where one pretends to be someone or something else
The children spent the afternoon playing make-believe, acting out a fairy tale.
informal"to put on an act"
to behave in a way that is not natural or sincere to impress others or hide true feelings
He was just putting on an act to get sympathy.
informal"to feign interest"
to pretend to be interested in something when you are not
She feigned interest in his story to be polite.
neutral"to sham"
to pretend that something is real or true when it is not, often to deceive
He tried to sham illness to avoid going to school.
neutral語族
名詞
形容詞
使い方
When you pretend, you act like something is real even if it isn't. For example, children often pretend to be superheroes. You can also pretend to be happy when you're actually sad to hide your feelings.
A common mistake is using 'pretend to' when 'pretend' alone would suffice. For example, instead of 'He pretended to be asleep,' you can simply say 'He pretended he was asleep' or 'He pretended to sleep.' Another mistake is confusing 'pretend' with 'assume.' To pretend involves acting, while to assume means to believe something is true without proof. For instance, 'I assumed he was coming' not 'I pretended he was coming.'
暗記しよう
記憶術
Imagine a child who wants a 'Pre-Tend' (pretend) toy before bed. They behave as if they have it, even though it's not real, to show their parents how much they want it. So, 'Pre-Tend' = behave as if something is true when it's false.
視覚的連想
Picture a mime artist. They 'pretend' to be trapped in a box, leaning against an invisible wall, even though there's nothing there. This visual perfectly captures the idea of behaving as if something is true when it isn't.
Word Web
チャレンジ
Describe a time when you had to pretend something, either for fun or to avoid an awkward situation. For example, 'I once had to pretend I enjoyed a surprise party, even though I was really tired.' Or, 'My nephew loves to pretend he's a superhero, flying around the living room.' Using 'pretend' in different contexts will help solidify its meaning.
実生活で練習する
実際の使用場面
Children often pretend to be superheroes or animals during playtime.
- pretend to be
- imaginative play
- role-playing
He pretended not to hear me when I asked him to help.
- pretended not to
- ignored me
- acted like he didn't hear
She was pretending to be sick to avoid going to school.
- pretending to be sick
- faking an illness
- feigning sickness
Let's pretend we're on a desert island.
- let's pretend
- imagine that
- make-believe
He pretended to be happy, but I could tell he was upset.
- pretended to be happy
- put on a brave face
- hid his feelings
会話のきっかけ
"Do you remember any games you used to play as a child where you had to pretend to be something or someone else?"
"Have you ever had to pretend to be happy or fine when you were actually feeling sad or upset? How did that feel?"
"What are some common situations where people might pretend to be busy to avoid doing something?"
"Do you think it's always wrong to pretend, or are there times when it's okay or even necessary?"
"If you could pretend to be anyone for a day, who would it be and why?"
日記のテーマ
Describe a time when you pretended to like something to please someone else. How did it turn out?
Reflect on a situation where you had to pretend to understand something you didn't. What were the consequences?
Write about a time when you saw someone else pretending. What did you think of their actions?
Explore the difference between 'pretending' and 'acting'. Are they always the same? Give examples.
Imagine a world where no one ever pretended. What would that be like, and what challenges might arise?
よくある質問
10 問Yes, 'pretend' is primarily used for people. For example, 'The children pretend to be superheroes.' While less common, you might hear it in a figurative sense for things, like 'The old car pretends to be new with a fresh coat of paint,' but this is not its typical usage.
The main difference lies in intent and consequence. To pretend often involves imaginative play or a harmless act, like a child pretending to be a doctor. To lie, on the other hand, is to intentionally make a false statement with the intent to deceive or mislead, usually with some negative consequence.
Absolutely! You can say things like 'He pretends to be happy' or 'She pretended to understand the lecture.' The structure 'pretend to + infinitive' is very common.
Not at all! While it can be used in a negative context (e.g., 'He pretended not to care'), it's very often used in positive or neutral contexts, especially when talking about children's imaginative play (e.g., 'They love to pretend they're pirates').
Yes! A common one is 'pretend play,' which refers specifically to children's imaginative games. Another might be 'to pretend ignorance,' meaning to act as if you don't know something you actually do.
Yes, it can. You can say 'She pretended that she didn't hear me' or 'He pretended that everything was fine.' This is a perfectly valid grammatical construction.
Some synonyms for 'pretend' include: feign (often used for emotions, e.g., 'feign illness'), make believe (especially for imaginative play), act, simulate, and impersonate (if you're pretending to be someone else).
While similar, 'imitate' means to copy someone or something's actions or mannerisms, often for learning or humor. 'Pretend' means to behave as if something is true, which might involve imitation, but the core idea is the creation of an imaginary scenario rather than just copying.
While 'pretend' is primarily a verb, you sometimes see it used informally as an adjective, like 'a pretend sword' or 'a pretend meal.' However, 'fake' or 'toy' might be more common and grammatically standard in such cases.
Certainly! 'The children like to pretend they are explorers looking for treasure in the garden.' This shows imaginative play, which is a common context for the word.
自分をテスト 120 問
The little girl likes to ___ to be a princess.
To pretend means to behave as if something is true when it is not. In this context, the girl is acting like a princess.
He will ___ he is sick so he doesn't have to go to school.
To pretend means to behave as if something is true when it is not. He is acting like he is sick, but he is not.
Let's ___ we are on a spaceship!
To pretend means to behave as if something is true when it is not. Here, it refers to imaginative play.
She tried to ___ she didn't hear me.
To pretend means to behave as if something is true when it is not. She is acting like she didn't hear, but she did.
The children ___ to be superheroes.
To pretend means to behave as if something is true when it is not. The children are acting like superheroes in their play.
Don't ___ you don't know the answer.
To pretend means to behave as if something is true when it is not. This means don't act like you don't know the answer when you do.
My little sister likes to ___ she is a princess.
To pretend means to behave as if something is true when it is not. Here, the sister acts like a princess.
He will ___ to be sick so he doesn't have to go to school.
To pretend means to act like something is true when it isn't. He will act like he is sick.
Sometimes, children ___ that their toys can talk.
Children often use their imagination and pretend that their toys are alive and can talk.
If you pretend to be a doctor, you are really a doctor.
To pretend means to act like something is true, but it is not real.
You can pretend to sleep even if you are awake.
Yes, you can act like you are sleeping when you are actually awake.
When you pretend, you are always telling the truth.
To pretend means to behave as if something is true when it is actually false.
Listen for what she likes to do.
Listen for what he will do.
Listen for what we should pretend to be.
Read this aloud:
Can you pretend to be happy?
Focus: pretend
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Read this aloud:
They pretend to be super heroes.
Focus: super heroes
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Read this aloud:
Do not pretend you know.
Focus: do not
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This sentence structure is used to indicate an action someone is about to do or is expected to do.
This sentence describes an imaginative play activity.
This sentence indicates that someone is unable to hide their true feelings.
The children love to ___ they are superheroes.
To pretend means to behave as if something is true when it is not, often used for imaginative play.
He tried to ___ that he was happy, but I could see he was sad.
To pretend can also mean to hide one's true feelings or situation.
Let's ___ we are on a tropical island!
In this context, 'pretend' is used for imaginative play.
She had to ___ that she liked the gift, even though she didn't.
Here, 'pretend' means to act in a way that hides one's true feelings.
The boy liked to ___ his toy car was a real racing car.
This sentence describes imaginative play, which is a common use of 'pretend'.
Don't ___ you didn't hear me!
This implies someone is behaving as if something is true when it is not.
My little sister likes to _____ she's a princess.
'Pretend' means to act as if something is true, often in a playful way, which fits the context of a child acting like a princess.
He tried to _____ he was sick so he didn't have to go to school.
To 'pretend' to be sick means to act like you are sick even if you are not, which is common for avoiding something like school.
Don't _____ you know the answer if you don't. It's okay to ask for help.
To 'pretend' you know something when you don't means to act like you have the knowledge, which is discouraged here.
If you pretend to be asleep, you are actually sleeping.
To 'pretend' means to behave as if something is true when it is false. So, if you pretend to be asleep, you are not actually sleeping.
Children often pretend to be superheroes or animals.
Children commonly engage in imaginative play where they 'pretend' to be different characters or creatures.
When you pretend, you are always telling the truth about your feelings.
The definition of 'pretend' includes hiding one's true feelings or situation, so it's not always telling the truth about feelings.
Listen for what the children love to do.
Listen for how he tried to act and what gave him away.
Listen for where they are pretending to go.
Read this aloud:
Can you pretend to be a cat?
Focus: pretend
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Read this aloud:
She likes to pretend she's a doctor.
Focus: likes to pretend
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Read this aloud:
Don't pretend you didn't hear me.
Focus: didn't hear me
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This sentence describes imaginative play, which is one way to use 'pretend'.
This sentence uses 'pretend' to mean hiding one's true knowledge.
This sentence shows children engaging in imaginative play, using 'pretend'.
The children love to ___ they are superheroes flying through the air.
To 'pretend' means to behave as if something is true, often in imaginative play, which fits the context of children acting like superheroes.
He tried to ___ that he wasn't upset, but his red eyes gave him away.
To 'pretend' can also mean to hide one's true feelings or situation, which matches the idea of him trying to appear not upset.
Let's ___ we're on a desert island and have to find food and water.
This sentence describes imaginative play, where 'pretend' is the most suitable verb to describe acting as if something is true.
She had to ___ to be happy at the party, even though she felt very sad.
This refers to behaving as if something is true (being happy) when it is actually false (feeling sad), which is the definition of 'pretend'.
He likes to ___ he doesn't hear me when I ask him to do chores.
This describes someone behaving as if they are not hearing, which is a form of pretending to avoid something.
For Halloween, I'm going to ___ to be a famous movie star.
In the context of Halloween, 'pretend' fits perfectly as you are behaving as if you are a movie star, which is an imaginative act.
My little sister loves to ______ to be a princess.
To pretend means to behave as if something is true when it's not, which fits the idea of a child acting like a princess.
He tried to ______ that he wasn't scared, but his hands were shaking.
The sentence implies he was trying to behave as if he wasn't scared, which is the meaning of 'pretend'.
It's hard to ______ to be happy when you're actually feeling sad.
In this context, 'pretend' means to give the appearance of being happy despite feeling sad.
If you pretend to be asleep, you are actually asleep.
To pretend means to behave as if something is true when it is actually false. So, if you pretend to be asleep, you are not actually asleep.
Children often pretend when they play imaginative games.
Imaginative play often involves children behaving as if they are characters or in different situations, which is a form of pretending.
To pretend something means to openly show your true feelings.
To pretend often involves hiding one's true feelings or situation, not openly showing them.
Listen for how the children are playing.
Pay attention to her attempt to hide her feelings.
What is the speaker going to dress up as for Halloween?
Read this aloud:
Can you pretend to be a famous singer giving a concert?
Focus: pretend, famous, concert
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Read this aloud:
Describe a time when you had to pretend you liked something you didn't.
Focus: describe, pretend, liked
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Read this aloud:
If you could pretend to be anyone for a day, who would you be and why?
Focus: pretend, anyone, why
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Imagine you are a child playing. Describe a game where you pretend to be someone or something else. What are you pretending to be, and what do you do in your game?
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
When I play, I often pretend to be a superhero. I put on a cape and fly around the house, saving my toys from imaginary monsters. Sometimes, I pretend to be a chef and cook delicious meals for my family using my toy kitchen.
Think about a time someone might pretend to be happy even if they are sad. Why would they do that? Write a short paragraph explaining the situation.
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Sample answer
Sometimes people pretend to be happy when they are actually sad because they don't want to worry their friends or family. They might want to hide their true feelings to avoid causing problems or to seem strong. It can be hard to show sadness sometimes.
Complete the following sentence in your own words: 'It's sometimes fun to pretend that...'
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Sample answer
It's sometimes fun to pretend that I can fly, soaring above the clouds and seeing the world from a different perspective. It's a nice way to escape reality for a little while.
Why did Sarah decide to pretend she was excited?
Read this passage:
Sarah didn't want to go to the party because she felt a bit shy. However, her best friend, Emily, really wanted her to come. So, Sarah decided to pretend she was feeling excited and put on a big smile. She hoped that if she pretended enough, she might actually start to feel better.
Why did Sarah decide to pretend she was excited?
The passage states, 'However, her best friend, Emily, really wanted her to come. So, Sarah decided to pretend she was feeling excited.' This indicates her friend's desire was the reason.
The passage states, 'However, her best friend, Emily, really wanted her to come. So, Sarah decided to pretend she was feeling excited.' This indicates her friend's desire was the reason.
What is one benefit of children pretending in their games?
Read this passage:
In many children's games, kids love to pretend. They might pretend to be doctors, teachers, or even animals. This kind of play helps them to learn about different roles in society and express their creativity. It's an important part of growing up.
What is one benefit of children pretending in their games?
The passage says, 'This kind of play helps them to learn about different roles in society and express their creativity.'
The passage says, 'This kind of play helps them to learn about different roles in society and express their creativity.'
What was Mark's real reason for being late?
Read this passage:
Mark was late for his meeting. He knew his boss would be angry. When he finally arrived, he decided to pretend that he had been stuck in heavy traffic, even though he had actually overslept. He hoped his boss would believe his excuse.
What was Mark's real reason for being late?
The passage clearly states, 'even though he had actually overslept.'
The passage clearly states, 'even though he had actually overslept.'
The children loved to _______ they were superheroes, flying around the garden.
'Pretend' fits best here as it describes behaving as if something is true for imaginative play.
She tried to _______ that she wasn't upset, but her trembling voice gave her away.
'Pretend' is the most suitable word to describe attempting to hide one's true feelings or situation.
He would often _______ to be sick to avoid going to school.
'Pretend' is used here to indicate behaving as if something is true when it's not, often to avoid something.
It's hard to _______ you're happy when you're feeling so down.
'Pretend' accurately conveys the effort to behave as if you are happy despite feeling otherwise.
They decided to _______ they hadn't seen the surprise party preparations.
'Pretend' is the best choice to describe acting as if something is not true to maintain a surprise.
Don't _______ to know everything; it's okay to ask for help.
'Pretend' here means to behave as if you know something when you actually don't, often to save face.
This sentence describes someone feigning happiness despite their true feelings, a common usage of 'pretend'.
This sentence exemplifies 'pretend' in the context of imaginative play, a primary meaning of the word.
This sentence illustrates 'pretend' as an attempt to hide a situation or avoid an interaction.
After the incident, he tried to ________ a sense of normalcy, but his trembling hands betrayed his true feelings.
'Feign' is the most appropriate synonym for 'pretend' in the context of faking emotions or states while hiding true feelings. 'Simulate' implies imitating a process or system, 'assume' means to take on a role or responsibility, and 'affect' can mean to influence or to put on a false show, but 'feign' fits the nuance of concealing distress more precisely.
Despite the mounting evidence against him, the politician continued to ________ ignorance of the scandal.
'Dissemble' means to conceal one's true motives, feelings, or beliefs, often by putting on a false appearance, which is a sophisticated way of saying 'pretend' in this context. 'Impersonate' means to pretend to be another person, 'mimic' means to imitate, and 'counterfeit' refers to making a fraudulent copy.
The children would often ________ to be brave knights defending their castle from imaginary dragons.
'Make believe' is a common idiom specifically used for imaginative play, fitting the context of children's games. 'Play along' means to cooperate with a deception, 'put on an act' implies a more deliberate and often insincere performance for an audience, and 'put up a front' means to present a false appearance to conceal true feelings or intentions.
To 'pretend' always implies malicious intent or a desire to deceive someone for personal gain.
While 'pretend' can involve deception, it also encompasses imaginative play or simply hiding one's true feelings without malicious intent. For example, a child might pretend to be a superhero for fun.
If someone is 'pretending' to be sick, they are genuinely experiencing the symptoms of an illness.
To 'pretend' to be sick means to behave as if one is ill when they are not, often to avoid something or gain sympathy. It implies a lack of genuine illness.
When an actor 'pretends' to be a character, they are embodying that role for entertainment purposes, not necessarily trying to deceive the audience in a harmful way.
In the context of acting, 'pretending' to be a character is an accepted and understood part of their profession. The audience is aware it is a performance and not a genuine deception with harmful intent.
This sentence describes an actor's portrayal, where 'pretend' means to convincingly act a role.
Here, 'pretend' illustrates an attempt to hide true feelings or a difficult situation.
This sentence uses 'pretend' to mean denying reality or ignoring an issue.
The virtuoso pianist continued to ______ indifference, even as the accolades poured in, masking his profound gratitude.
The context implies the pianist was hiding his true feelings (gratitude) by acting as if he didn't care (indifference). 'Pretend' fits this meaning perfectly.
Despite the financial turmoil, the CEO endeavoured to ______ a semblance of normalcy, assuring investors of the company's unwavering stability.
The CEO was trying to create an appearance of normalcy that wasn't entirely true to reassure investors. 'Pretend' conveys this intentional deception.
Her nonchalant demeanor was a carefully constructed facade, an elaborate ______ to conceal the deep-seated anxiety that plagued her.
The sentence describes an act designed to hide true feelings. 'Pretend' as a noun (an act of pretending) fits the grammatical structure and meaning.
In a desperate bid to evade the authorities, the fugitive decided to ______ amnesia, hoping to confound his interrogators.
The fugitive was feigning amnesia to mislead the authorities. 'Pretend' is the most suitable verb for this deliberate act of deception.
The diplomat, skilled in the art of political maneuvering, had to ______ ignorance of the clandestine negotiations, maintaining a facade of innocence.
The diplomat was feigning a lack of knowledge to maintain an appearance of innocence. 'Pretend' accurately describes this intentional misrepresentation.
To maintain decorum at the contentious meeting, all parties involved had to ______ civility, even as underlying tensions simmered beneath the surface.
The parties were acting civilly despite their true feelings of tension. 'Pretend' captures the essence of feigning an emotion or behavior.
The diplomat had to _____ ignorance regarding the clandestine operations, despite being fully aware of their intricacies.
To 'feign,' 'simulate,' and 'affect' all convey the meaning of pretending, making 'all of the above' the most comprehensive and accurate choice in this context of deliberate deception.
Her constant need to _____ happiness, even in dire circumstances, was a testament to her resilient, albeit often misleading, character.
To 'project' happiness implies intentionally displaying or communicating it, often with an underlying insincerity. 'Ostentate' is incorrect; 'enact' suggests performing a role, but 'project' fits the emotional display more precisely. 'Dissemble' means to conceal one's true motives or feelings, which is a related but distinct concept from actively displaying a false emotion.
The actor's ability to _____ a wide range of emotions on cue made him highly sought after for complex dramatic roles.
To 'assume' an emotion means to take on or adopt it, often for a temporary period or as a role. While 'mimic' and 'emulate' involve imitation, 'assume' directly implies the act of putting on an emotion. 'Affect' also fits, but 'assume' carries a stronger sense of deliberate adoption of a specific emotional state for performance.
To 'dissemble' means to openly and honestly express one's true feelings or intentions.
To 'dissemble' means to conceal one's true motives, feelings, or beliefs, often by presenting a false appearance. Therefore, the statement is false.
When someone 'makes believe,' they are engaging in a form of imaginative play where they accept a situation as real, even if they know it's not.
To 'make believe' is synonymous with engaging in imaginative play, where one acts as if something is true, often for entertainment or fantasy. Therefore, the statement is true.
A 'pretense' is a genuine and sincere declaration of one's intentions.
A 'pretense' is an attempt to make something that is not the case appear true. It implies a false show or an act, not a genuine declaration. Therefore, the statement is false.
Listen for how 'feigned' relates to pretending.
Focus on the phrase describing his outward appearance versus his inner feeling.
Notice the descriptive language used for their imaginative play.
Read this aloud:
Despite the mounting evidence against him, he continued to pretend innocence with remarkable conviction.
Focus: pretend innocence
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Read this aloud:
It requires a certain emotional dexterity to pretend enthusiasm for a task you inherently dislike.
Focus: emotional dexterity
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Read this aloud:
To truly master the art of diplomacy, one must often pretend to agree while subtly advancing one's own agenda.
Focus: master the art of diplomacy
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This sentence describes the act of feigning a lack of concern.
This sentence illustrates the act of feigning composure under pressure.
This sentence describes the act of feigning excitement to spare someone's feelings.
/ 120 correct
Perfect score!
