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B1 Adjective, Noun #2 よく出る 11分で読める

racist

上位2

At the A1 level, the word 'racist' is a very important but simple word to understand. It describes when someone is not fair to another person because of the color of their skin or where they come from. Imagine two children playing. If one child says, 'You cannot play with us because your skin is a different color,' that is a racist thing to say. It is about being mean or unkind to people just because they look different. We use this word to say that this behavior is wrong. Everyone should be treated the same, no matter their race. In simple English, 'racist' means being unfair to a group of people based on their race. It is a 'bad' word because it describes 'bad' behavior. You might hear it in school when teachers talk about being kind to everyone. It is an adjective (a racist comment) and a noun (he is a racist). Even at the beginning of learning English, it is good to know this word so you can understand that everyone deserves respect. You can think of it as the opposite of being 'fair' or 'kind' to everyone.

At the A2 level, you can understand 'racist' as a word for prejudice. Prejudice is when you have an opinion about someone before you even know them. A racist person thinks that their own race is better than others. This is a wrong and harmful belief. You might see this word in simple news stories or stories about history. For example, 'In the past, some laws were racist.' This means the laws were not fair to everyone. You can use 'racist' to describe a person, an idea, or an action. If someone makes a joke that makes fun of a certain race, that is a racist joke. It is important to use this word carefully because it is a very strong accusation. If you call someone a racist, you are saying they have very bad beliefs. In A2 English, you should know that 'racist' is used to talk about serious problems in how people treat each other. It is more specific than just 'mean.' It is specifically about race and skin color. You might also hear the word 'racism,' which is the name of the idea itself.

At the B1 level, you should understand that 'racist' describes both individual attitudes and broader social actions. A racist person believes in a hierarchy of races—that some races are naturally superior to others. This word is often used in discussions about social justice and equality. You will hear it in documentaries, podcasts, and news reports. For example, 'The community protested against the racist treatment of the local family.' Here, it describes treatment that is unfair based on race. You should also be able to use it as an adjective to describe things like 'racist policies' or 'racist remarks.' It is important to distinguish 'racist' from 'racial.' 'Racial' is just about race in general (like 'racial diversity'), but 'racist' is always negative and involves prejudice. At this level, you can start to see how 'racist' is used to criticize unfair systems in society, not just mean individuals. It is a key word for participating in conversations about modern society and history. You might also learn related words like 'discrimination' and 'prejudice' to help explain why something is racist.

At the B2 level, your understanding of 'racist' should include the concept of systemic and institutional racism. It is not just about one person hating another; it can also describe how a whole system (like a school system or a legal system) can be unfair to certain races, even if the people in it don't mean to be. You will encounter this word in complex articles, political debates, and literature. You should be able to discuss the nuances of the word, such as 'unconscious' or 'implicit' racist bias. For example, 'The study revealed that the algorithm had a racist bias, even though it was designed to be neutral.' This shows that 'racist' can describe outcomes, not just intentions. You should also be comfortable using the word in formal writing to analyze social issues. You might use it to describe historical eras, like 'the racist ideology of the colonial period.' At this level, you understand that calling something 'racist' is a significant claim that usually requires evidence or explanation. You are also aware of the social consequences of using the word and the importance of addressing racist structures in society.

At the C1 level, you should have a sophisticated understanding of 'racist' as a term that intersects with power, privilege, and history. You understand that 'racist' is often defined in academic contexts as 'prejudice plus power.' This means that the word is frequently used to describe the actions of a dominant group against a marginalized group. You can use the word to analyze complex social phenomena, such as 'environmental racism' (where minority neighborhoods are more likely to be located near pollution) or 'systemic racist structures.' You are capable of identifying 'racist tropes' in media and literature and can explain why they are harmful. Your vocabulary includes related terms like 'xenophobia,' 'bigotry,' 'supremacy,' and 'marginalization,' and you can explain the subtle differences between them and 'racism.' You can engage in high-level debates about whether certain actions are 'racist' or merely 'racially insensitive.' You understand the historical evolution of the word and how its definition has shifted from purely individual intent to include broad societal impacts. In your own writing, you use the word with precision and provide deep context for its application.

At the C2 level, you possess a masterly command of the word 'racist' and its place in the global socio-political landscape. You can navigate the most sensitive and complex discussions involving the term, understanding its legal, sociological, and psychological dimensions. You are aware of the 'post-racial' debates and can critically evaluate arguments about whether certain modern policies are 'colorblind' or 'racist' in their effect. You can analyze the 'racist underpinnings' of historical philosophies and how they continue to influence contemporary thought. You understand the performative use of the word in political rhetoric and can deconstruct how the label is used to both challenge and maintain power structures. Your use of the word is nuanced; you might discuss 'internalized racist beliefs' within marginalized communities or the 'racist architecture' of urban planning. You can write academic-grade essays or deliver professional presentations that use the term to explore the deepest fissures in human society. You are also sensitive to the global variations in how 'racist' is understood and applied in different cultures and languages, making you a truly global communicator on the subject of racial justice.

練習する例文メモとヒント

racist 30秒で

A term for individuals who hold racial prejudices or believe in racial superiority.
An adjective describing actions, laws, or ideas that discriminate based on race.
A powerful word used in social justice to identify and condemn unfair treatment.
A concept that includes both personal hatred and systemic, institutional inequality.

The word racist is a powerful and complex term used to describe individuals, actions, policies, or beliefs that are rooted in the idea that one race is inherently superior or inferior to others. At its core, being racist involves prejudice, discrimination, or antagonism directed against someone of a different race based on the belief that one's own race is superior. In modern discourse, the term has expanded beyond individual personal animosity to encompass systemic and institutional structures that disadvantage specific racial groups. When people use this word, they are often identifying a breach of social equality and human rights. It is used in political debates, legal contexts, social justice movements, and everyday conversations to call out unfair treatment. Understanding the depth of this word requires looking at both its historical roots in colonialism and its contemporary manifestations in social media, workplace dynamics, and legislative policies. It is not merely a descriptive label but a moral and social critique.

Individual Level: Refers to a person who holds private beliefs about racial hierarchy or expresses those beliefs through slurs, exclusion, or physical aggression.

The activist argued that the housing policy was fundamentally racist because it disproportionately affected minority neighborhoods.

Systemic Context: Describes laws or social structures that produce racially disparate outcomes, even if the individuals running them do not intend to be biased.

He was labeled a racist after his private emails containing hateful rhetoric were leaked to the public.

Sociological Nuance: In academic circles, the term is often linked to 'power plus privilege,' suggesting that racism is a tool used by dominant groups to maintain control.

The documentary explored how racist ideologies were used to justify historical atrocities.

It is important to distinguish between a racist person and a racist system.

The comedian faced backlash for a racist joke that relied on harmful stereotypes.

The word is also central to the concept of 'anti-racism,' which is the active process of identifying and eliminating racism by changing systems, organizational structures, policies and practices and attitudes, so that power is redistributed and shared equitably. To call something racist is to make a claim about its impact on human dignity and social justice. It is a word that demands a response, whether that be an apology, a policy change, or a broader social movement. In the 21st century, the definition continues to evolve as society grapples with 'microaggressions'—subtle, everyday slights that are considered racist in their cumulative effect, even if the intent behind them was not overtly malicious. This evolution reflects a growing understanding that racism is not just about hate, but about the unequal distribution of opportunity and respect based on skin color or ethnic background.

Using the word racist correctly requires an understanding of its dual role as both a noun and an adjective. As an adjective, it describes things that exhibit or are characterized by racism. For example, you might talk about a 'racist ideology,' a 'racist remark,' or 'racist legislation.' In these cases, the word modifies the noun to indicate a quality of prejudice or racial bias. As a noun, it refers to a person who holds such views or behaves in such a way. For instance, 'He was accused of being a racist.' It is important to note that because the word carries significant social weight, it is often used with adverbs that specify the degree or nature of the racism, such as 'openly racist,' 'subtly racist,' 'inherently racist,' or 'unintentionally racist.'

Adjective Usage: The judge ruled that the hiring process was racist because it excluded candidates based on their last names.

She refused to tolerate racist language in her classroom.

Noun Usage: Calling someone a racist is a serious allegation that can have legal and social consequences.

The film portrays the struggles of a family living in a racist society during the 1950s.

Modifying the Word: Use 'overtly' for obvious racism and 'covertly' for hidden or disguised racism.

The protest was a response to an racist attack that occurred in the city center.

Many people are unaware of their own racist biases until they are challenged.

The organization works to dismantle racist structures in the education system.

When writing about sensitive topics, it is helpful to be specific. Instead of just saying 'that is racist,' explaining *why* it is racist—perhaps because it relies on a stereotype or excludes a specific group—makes the argument stronger. In dialogue, the word is often used as a direct accusation: 'That's a racist thing to say!' or 'You're being racist.' In more formal analysis, it is used to categorize historical periods or political movements, such as 'the racist policies of the Jim Crow era.' Because the word can be inflammatory, it is often accompanied by evidence or specific examples to justify its use. It is also common to see the word in the plural when referring to groups of people: 'The racists were outnumbered by counter-protesters.' Overall, the word functions to label and condemn behavior that violates the principle of racial equality.

You will encounter the word racist in a wide variety of settings, ranging from the evening news to academic textbooks. In the media, it is frequently used in headlines regarding civil rights, police conduct, and political scandals. News anchors might report on 'racist graffiti' found on a public building or a politician's 'racist rhetoric' during a campaign rally. In the realm of social media, the word is a staple of online activism, often used in hashtags and comment sections to call out perceived injustice or to share personal experiences of discrimination. In educational settings, particularly in history, sociology, and political science classes, the word is used to analyze historical events like slavery, apartheid, and segregation. Students learn about 'racist ideologies' that were used to justify these systems.

In the News: Reports on hate crimes or discriminatory laws often use the word to describe the motivation behind the actions.

The news report detailed the racist motivations behind the recent string of attacks.

In Pop Culture: Movies and documentaries often explore the impact of racist individuals on their communities.

The athlete spoke out against the racist abuse he received on social media.

In Legal Settings: Lawyers may argue that a defendant was targeted by a racist police officer or that a contract is racist in its execution.

The court case focused on whether the company had a racist culture that allowed harassment to flourish.

During the seminar, we discussed how to spot racist tropes in advertising.

The author was criticized for including racist caricatures in his early novels.

Beyond these public spheres, you might hear the word in private conversations when someone is recounting an experience of being mistreated. 'I felt like the clerk was being racist because she followed me around the store.' It is also a key term in political protests, where signs might read 'End Racist Policies' or 'No Room for Racists.' In literature, authors use the word to set the scene or define a character's conflict with their environment. Because it is a word that identifies a fundamental social conflict, it appears wherever people are discussing fairness, identity, and power. Its presence in a conversation usually signals that the topic has moved from a simple disagreement to a serious ethical or social concern.

One of the most common mistakes when using the word racist is confusing it with the word 'racial.' While they are related, they have very different meanings. 'Racial' is a neutral adjective that simply means 'relating to race.' For example, 'racial diversity' or 'racial identity' are not inherently negative terms. However, 'racist' always carries a negative connotation of prejudice or discrimination. Calling a 'racial issue' a 'racist issue' can change the meaning from a general discussion about race to a specific accusation of prejudice. Another mistake is using 'racist' as a catch-all for any kind of mean behavior. Racism is specifically about prejudice based on race; if someone is mean to another person for a different reason (like their height or their personality), it is not racist.

Racist vs. Racial: Incorrect: We need to improve racist relations in this city. Correct: We need to improve racial relations in this city.

It is a mistake to assume every racist act is committed with conscious hatred; some are the result of unconscious bias.

Noun vs. Adjective: Avoid saying 'He is a racist person' when 'He is a racist' (noun) or 'He has racist views' (adjective) is more direct.

Labeling a person as a racist is often less productive than labeling their specific actions as racist.

Misusing 'Racist' for 'Xenophobic': Racism is about race; xenophobia is about fear of people from other countries. They often overlap but are distinct.

The critic pointed out that the character was not just racist, but also deeply xenophobic.

The teacher explained that racist jokes are never acceptable, even if no one from that race is present.

Using the word racist as a casual insult can diminish its power when describing real systemic harm.

Furthermore, people sometimes use 'racist' when they actually mean 'prejudiced.' While all racism is prejudice, not all prejudice is racism. Prejudice can be based on any characteristic, while racism is specifically tied to racial identity and often historical power dynamics. Another common error is the belief that only individuals can be racist. In modern sociology, 'racist' is frequently applied to institutions (like a racist legal system) or outcomes (like a racist wealth gap). Finally, avoid the mistake of thinking that 'racist' is a permanent, unchangeable label for a person. In many social justice frameworks, 'racist' describes a person's current actions or beliefs, which can be changed through education and anti-racist work. Understanding these nuances helps in using the word accurately and effectively in discussions about social justice.

When you want to describe unfairness related to race or identity, there are several words similar to racist that might be more precise depending on the context. 'Bigoted' is a broader term that refers to anyone who is obstinately or unreasonably attached to a belief or opinion, particularly one that is prejudiced against a group of people. While a racist is bigoted about race, a bigot could also be prejudiced about religion or sexual orientation. 'Prejudiced' refers to having a preconceived opinion that is not based on reason or actual experience. 'Discriminatory' describes the actual *actions* or *practices* that result in unfair treatment. For example, a law can be discriminatory without the person who wrote it necessarily being a 'racist' in their heart.

Bigoted: Focuses on the narrow-mindedness and intolerance of the person. 'His bigoted views made it impossible to have a rational discussion.'

While 'bigoted' covers many types of hate, racist specifically targets racial prejudice.

Xenophobic: Specifically refers to a fear or hatred of foreigners or people from different countries. 'The politician's xenophobic comments targeted immigrants.'

The term 'biased' is a softer alternative, often used when the racist intent is unclear or unconscious.

Intolerant: A general term for someone who refuses to accept views, beliefs, or behavior that differ from their own.

The protest was directed at the racist and intolerant atmosphere of the town.

The speaker warned against the rise of racist and white supremacist groups.

Using 'prejudiced' can sometimes be a more descriptive way to talk about racist thoughts.

Other alternatives include 'chauvinistic' (though this is usually used for gender or extreme patriotism) and 'segregationist' (specifically referring to someone who wants to keep races separate). In professional or academic settings, you might hear 'racially insensitive,' which suggests a lack of awareness rather than deliberate malice. 'Systemic bias' or 'institutional racism' are used to describe the word's application to large organizations. Choosing the right word depends on whether you are describing a person's character, a specific action, a law, or a general social feeling. While 'racist' is often the most direct and impactful choice, these alternatives can help provide a more nuanced picture of the situation at hand. For example, calling a policy 'discriminatory' might be more legally accurate, while calling a person 'bigoted' might better describe their general personality.

How Formal Is It?

フォーマル

ニュートラル

カジュアル

Child friendly

スラング

豆知識

The word 'racism' didn't appear in most dictionaries until the mid-20th century, even though the practice has existed for centuries.

発音ガイド

UK /ˈreɪ.sɪst/

US /ˈreɪ.sɪst/

The stress is on the first syllable: RAY-sist.

韻が合う語

Basist Facist (though spelled fascist) Spaced Chased Placed Waste Taste Haste

よくある間違い

Pronouncing it as 'ray-shist' (mixing it up with 'racial').
Adding an extra 'i' like 'ray-ci-ist'.
Mumbling the final 'st' sound.
Confusing the vowel sound with 'rice'.

難易度

読解 3/5

Common in news and books, but requires context to understand nuances.

ライティング 4/5

Requires care to use accurately without causing unintended offense.

スピーキング 4/5

A very strong word that can escalate a conversation quickly.

リスニング 3/5

Easily recognized but sometimes confused with 'racial'.

次に学ぶべきこと

前提知識

Race Fair Unfair Different People

次に学ぶ

Prejudice Discrimination Systemic Institutional Equality

上級

Xenophobia Bigotry Marginalization Intersectionality Microaggression

知っておくべき文法

Adjective placement

The racist (adj) remark (noun).

Noun usage

He is a racist (noun).

Adverbial modification

The policy was overtly (adv) racist (adj).

Negative prefix

Non-racist vs. Anti-racist.

Parallel structure

The laws were racist, sexist, and classist.

レベル別の例文

It is wrong to be racist.

Es ist falsch, rassistisch zu sein.

Used as an adjective after the verb 'to be'.

He said a racist thing.

Er hat etwas Rassistisches gesagt.

Adjective modifying the noun 'thing'.

Don't be a racist.

Sei kein Rassist.

Used as a noun with the article 'a'.

That joke is racist.

Dieser Witz ist rassistisch.

Adjective describing the subject 'joke'.

Racist people are not kind.

Rassistische Menschen sind nicht nett.

Adjective modifying 'people'.

We do not like racist words.

Wir mögen keine rassistischen Wörter.

Adjective modifying 'words'.

Is that movie racist?

Ist dieser Film rassistisch?

Question form with adjective.

She is not racist.

Sie ist nicht rassistisch.

Negative form with adjective.

The law was racist and unfair.

Das Gesetz war rassistisch und ungerecht.

Two adjectives describing the noun 'law'.

He was a racist in the past.

Er war in der Vergangenheit ein Rassist.

Noun used to describe a person's identity.

I don't like racist comments on the internet.

Ich mag keine rassistischen Kommentare im Internet.

Adjective modifying 'comments'.

They protested against the racist leader.

Sie protestierten gegen den rassistischen Anführer.

Adjective modifying 'leader'.

The book explains why the act was racist.

Das Buch erklärt, warum die Tat rassistisch war.

Adjective used in a subordinate clause.

She told him his behavior was racist.

Sie sagte ihm, dass sein Verhalten rassistisch sei.

Adjective describing 'behavior'.

Are there racist people in your town?

Gibt es rassistische Menschen in deiner Stadt?

Adjective in a plural question.

The school has a rule against racist bullying.

Die Schule hat eine Regel gegen rassistisches Mobbing.

Adjective modifying 'bullying'.

The company was sued for racist hiring practices.

Das Unternehmen wurde wegen rassistischer Einstellungspraktiken verklagt.

Adjective modifying a compound noun phrase.

It is important to challenge racist ideologies.

Es ist wichtig, rassistische Ideologien in Frage zu stellen.

Adjective modifying 'ideologies'.

Many people found the advertisement to be racist.

Viele Leute fanden die Werbung rassistisch.

Adjective used as an object complement.

He realized his childhood views were racist.

Er erkannte, dass seine Ansichten aus der Kindheit rassistisch waren.

Adjective describing 'views'.

The politician's racist rhetoric caused a scandal.

Die rassistische Rhetorik des Politikers verursachte einen Skandal.

Adjective modifying 'rhetoric'.

We must stand up against racist violence.

Wir müssen gegen rassistische Gewalt aufstehen.

Adjective modifying 'violence'.

The documentary explores the history of racist groups.

Der Dokumentarfilm untersucht die Geschichte rassistischer Gruppen.

Adjective modifying 'groups'.

Is it racist to ask where someone is from?

Ist es rassistisch zu fragen, woher jemand kommt?

Adjective used to evaluate an action.

The algorithm was criticized for its racist outcomes.

Der Algorithmus wurde für seine rassistischen Ergebnisse kritisiert.

Adjective describing the results of a system.

She wrote an essay on systemic racist structures.

Sie schrieb einen Aufsatz über systemische rassistische Strukturen.

Adjective in a complex noun phrase.

The comedian's set was filled with racist tropes.

Das Programm des Komikers war voller rassistischer Tropen.

Adjective modifying 'tropes'.

He argued that the policy was inherently racist.

Er argumentierte, dass die Politik von Natur aus rassistisch sei.

Adjective modified by the adverb 'inherently'.

The museum removed the racist artifacts from display.

Das Museum entfernte die rassistischen Artefakte aus der Ausstellung.

Adjective modifying 'artifacts'.

They discussed the impact of racist stereotypes in media.

Sie diskutierten die Auswirkungen rassistischer Stereotypen in den Medien.

Adjective modifying 'stereotypes'.

The journalist exposed the racist culture within the police force.

Der Journalist deckte die rassistische Kultur innerhalb der Polizei auf.

Adjective modifying 'culture'.

The protest aimed to dismantle racist institutions.

Der Protest zielte darauf ab, rassistische Institutionen abzubauen.

Adjective modifying 'institutions'.

The author deconstructs the racist underpinnings of the text.

Der Autor dekonstruiert die rassistischen Grundlagen des Textes.

Adjective modifying 'underpinnings'.

Environmental racist policies often target low-income areas.

Umweltpolitische rassistische Maßnahmen zielen oft auf einkommensschwache Gebiete ab.

Adjective used in a specialized sociological term.

The film explores the insidious nature of racist microaggressions.

Der Film untersucht die heimtückische Natur rassistischer Mikroaggressionen.

Adjective modifying 'microaggressions'.

He was accused of harboring racist sentiments.

Er wurde beschuldigt, rassistische Gefühle zu hegen.

Adjective modifying 'sentiments'.

The legal challenge focused on the racist intent of the legislation.

Die rechtliche Anfechtung konzentrierte sich auf die rassistische Absicht der Gesetzgebung.

Adjective modifying 'intent'.

The professor lectured on the evolution of racist discourse.

Der Professor dozierte über die Entwicklung des rassistischen Diskurses.

Adjective modifying 'discourse'.

The report highlighted the racist disparities in healthcare.

Der Bericht hob die rassistischen Unterschiede in der Gesundheitsversorgung hervor.

Adjective modifying 'disparities'.

She argued that the monument was a racist symbol.

Sie argumentierte, dass das Denkmal ein rassistisches Symbol sei.

Adjective modifying 'symbol'.

The scholar critiqued the racist epistemology of the Enlightenment.

Der Gelehrte kritisierte die rassistische Erkenntnistheorie der Aufklärung.

Adjective modifying a highly academic term.

The city's racist architecture was a legacy of redlining.

Die rassistische Architektur der Stadt war ein Erbe des Redlining.

Adjective used to describe physical structures.

The politician's 'dog-whistle' politics were seen as covertly racist.

Die 'Dog-Whistle'-Politik des Politikers wurde als verdeckt rassistisch angesehen.

Adjective modified by the adverb 'covertly'.

The novel examines the internalized racist beliefs of the protagonist.

Der Roman untersucht die verinnerlichten rassistischen Überzeugungen des Protagonisten.

Adjective modifying 'beliefs'.

The treaty was criticized for its racist and imperialist assumptions.

Der Vertrag wurde für seine rassistischen und imperialistischen Annahmen kritisiert.

Two adjectives describing 'assumptions'.

The activist spoke about the racist genealogy of the current laws.

Der Aktivist sprach über die rassistische Genealogie der aktuellen Gesetze.

Adjective modifying 'genealogy'.

The performance piece challenged the racist gaze of the audience.

Das Performance-Stück forderte den rassistischen Blick des Publikums heraus.

Adjective modifying 'gaze'.

The analysis revealed the racist stratification of the labor market.

Die Analyse enthüllte die rassistische Schichtung des Arbeitsmarktes.

Adjective modifying 'stratification'.

よく使う組み合わせ

racist comment

racist policy

racist ideology

racist attack

racist trope

racist rhetoric

racist slur

systemic racist

overtly racist

inherently racist

よく使うフレーズ

That's racist!

Racist undertones

Accused of being a racist

Dismantle racist systems

Racist caricature

Unconscious racist bias

Racist propaganda

A known racist

Combat racist attitudes

Racist legacy

よく混同される語

racist vs Racial

Racial is neutral (relating to race); racist is negative (prejudiced).

racist vs Xenophobic

Xenophobic is about nationality; racist is about race.

racist vs Bigoted

Bigoted is a broader term for any prejudice; racist is specific to race.

慣用句と表現

"Dog whistle"

Political messaging that appears normal to the general public but has a coded racist meaning for a specific group.

His comments about 'inner-city crime' were seen as a dog whistle.

Political

"Color-blind"

The claim of not seeing race, which can sometimes be used to ignore racist realities.

Being color-blind doesn't help when you need to address racist outcomes.

Sociological

"Playing the race card"

An often derogatory phrase used to accuse someone of bringing up racism to gain an advantage.

He was accused of playing the race card when he mentioned the lack of diversity.

Informal/Controversial

"Institutional racism"

Racism that is embedded as normal practice within society or an organization.

Institutional racism can exist even without individual racists.

Academic

"Internalized racism"

When members of a marginalized group accept racist stereotypes about themselves.

The psychologist studied the effects of internalized racism on children.

Psychological

"Reverse racism"

A controversial term used to describe prejudice against a dominant racial group.

The debate over reverse racism often ignores power dynamics.

Social/Controversial

"White supremacy"

The belief that white people are superior and should dominate society.

The rally was organized by a white supremacy group.

Political/Extreme

"Jim Crow"

Refers to the former practice of segregating black people in the US.

The laws were a remnant of the Jim Crow era.

Historical

"Apartheid"

A system of institutionalized racial segregation and discrimination (originally in South Africa).

The world united to end the apartheid regime.

Historical/Political

"Redlining"

A racist practice of denying services (like mortgages) to residents of certain areas based on race.

Redlining created a racist wealth gap that persists today.

Economic/Historical

間違えやすい

racist vs Racial

Similar sound and root.

Racial is a neutral descriptor of race-related things, while racist implies prejudice.

Racial identity (neutral) vs. Racist identity (prejudiced).

racist vs Prejudiced

They both involve unfair opinions.

Prejudice can be about anything; racism is specifically about race and often involves power.

He is prejudiced against tall people (not racist).

racist vs Bigoted

Both describe hateful views.

Bigotry is general intolerance; racism is racial intolerance.

A bigot might hate a religion; a racist hates a race.

racist vs Xenophobic

Often occur together.

Xenophobia is fear of 'the stranger' or foreigner; racism is based on physical race.

Hating an immigrant because they are from another country is xenophobic.

racist vs Discriminatory

Both involve unfairness.

Discrimination is the action; racism is the belief or the system.

The racist (belief) led to discriminatory (action) hiring.

文型パターン

It is [adjective].

It is racist.

He is a [noun].

He is a racist.

The [noun] was [adjective].

The comment was racist.

I find the [noun] to be [adjective].

I find the policy to be racist.

The [adjective] nature of [noun].

The racist nature of the law.

Critiquing the [adjective] underpinnings of [noun].

Critiquing the racist underpinnings of the system.

Accused of [adjective] [noun].

Accused of racist behavior.

Dismantling [adjective] [noun].

Dismantling racist institutions.

語族

名詞

動詞

形容詞

使い方

frequency

High in social and political contexts.

よくある間違い

Using 'racist' when you mean 'racial'. → Racial diversity.
Racial is neutral; racist is negative.
Saying 'He is a racistic person'. → He is a racist.
'Racistic' is not a word.
Spelling it 'racist' with two 'c's. → Racist.
It comes from 'race', so only one 'c'.
Using 'racist' for any kind of bullying. → He was being mean.
Racism is specifically about race.
Confusing 'racist' with 'nationalist'. → He is a nationalist.
Nationalism is about country; racism is about race.

ヒント

Be Precise

When describing a policy, 'racially discriminatory' is often more professional than 'racist'.

Listen First

If someone calls an action racist, try to understand the impact rather than just the intent.

No 'Racistic'

There is no such word as 'racistic.' Use 'racist' for both noun and adjective forms.

Learn the Family

Knowing 'racism,' 'racial,' and 'anti-racist' helps you speak more fluently about the topic.

Provide Context

Don't just label something; explain why it fits the definition of racist.

Watch the Tone

The word 'racist' is heavy; use it with the seriousness it deserves.

Historical Context

Remember that what was considered 'normal' in the past is often labeled 'racist' today.

Spot the Tropes

Look for racist stereotypes in old movies to better understand how the word applies to culture.

Unconscious Bias

Accept that everyone can have unconscious racist biases and work to identify them.

Global Variation

Be aware that 'racist' can mean different things in different countries based on their history.

暗記しよう

記憶術

Remember: RACE + IST. An 'IST' is a person (like an artist or scientist). So a RACIST is a person who focuses on RACE in a bad way.

視覚的連想

Imagine a wall being built between two groups of people of different colors. The wall represents the racist barrier.

Word Web

Prejudice Hate Unfair Skin color Discrimination Systemic Bigotry Equality

チャレンジ

Write three sentences: one using 'racist' as a noun, one as an adjective, and one describing a 'racist' policy.

語源

The word 'racist' emerged in the early 20th century, derived from 'race' and the suffix '-ist'. It gained significant usage in the 1930s to describe the ideologies of the Nazi party.

元の意味： Originally used to describe the theory that human abilities are determined by race.

English (Germanic roots for 'race', Latin suffix '-ista').

文化的な背景

This is a high-sensitivity word. Use it accurately and avoid using it as a casual insult.

In the US, UK, and Canada, the word is central to ongoing national conversations about history and justice.

'To Kill a Mockingbird' (explores racist attitudes) Martin Luther King Jr.'s speeches The film 'Get Out' (explores modern racist dynamics)

実生活で練習する

実際の使用場面

Politics

Racist rhetoric
Racist legislation
Racist dog-whistle
Racist voting laws

Social Media

Racist comments
Racist trolling
Report racist content
Racist hashtags

History

Racist past
Racist regimes
Racist propaganda
Racist segregation

Workplace

Racist hiring
Racist harassment
Racist culture
Racist bias

Education

Racist bullying
Racist curriculum
Racist stereotypes
Anti-racist education

会話のきっかけ

"How do you think we can best address racist attitudes in our community?"

"Have you ever seen a movie that handled the topic of racist history well?"

"What is the difference between a racist person and a racist system in your opinion?"

"How should social media companies handle racist comments on their platforms?"

"Do you think education is enough to stop racist behavior?"

日記のテーマ

Reflect on a time you witnessed a racist act. How did you react, and what would you do differently now?

Write about how the definition of 'racist' has changed over the last fifty years.

How can individuals work to dismantle racist structures in their own lives?

Discuss the impact of racist stereotypes in the media you consume.

What does a 'racist-free' society look like to you?

よくある質問

10 問

It is both. You can say 'He is a racist' (noun) or 'That was a racist comment' (adjective).

'Racist' is the person or the quality of an action, while 'racism' is the name of the belief system or social structure.

Yes, this is called systemic or institutional racism, where rules and outcomes are unfair even without individual intent.

It is not a 'swear word,' but it is a very strong and serious accusation that should be used carefully.

The most common opposite is 'anti-racist,' which means actively working against racism.

It is pronounced 'RAY-sist,' with the stress on the first syllable.

No, racism is a specific type of prejudice based on race, often linked to historical power.

Children can learn and repeat racist ideas and behaviors from their environment.

Because it challenges people's moral character and highlights deep social divisions.

Bigoted, prejudiced, discriminatory, and xenophobic are common synonyms.