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A2 verb #1,800 よく出る 7分で読める

چیدن

chidan 上位1,800

At the A1 level, 'chidan' is introduced in its most basic physical forms: picking a flower or setting a table. Learners focus on the present and simple past tenses. The goal is to understand that this verb is used when you are dealing with multiple items that need to be put in a specific place. For example, 'I pick a flower' (Man gol michinam). It is one of the first 'action' verbs learned in the context of home and garden. The focus is on the concrete, tangible action of moving objects from one place to another with a purpose.

At the A2 level, learners expand their use of 'chidan' to include compound ideas like 'miz chidan' (setting the table) and 'miveh chidan' (picking fruit). They begin to use the imperative form ('bechin') to give simple instructions. The distinction between 'chidan' (arranging/picking) and 'gozāshtan' (putting) becomes more important. Learners also start to see the word in the context of shopping (arranging items) and simple household chores. The grammatical focus is on the present stem 'chin' and its use in the present continuous tense.

At the B1 level, the verb starts to take on more descriptive roles. Learners use it to describe interior design, 'chidemān', and more complex social situations. They might use it to describe how someone has 'arranged' their life or their schedule, though this is still somewhat literal. The use of the subjunctive ('bechinam') in complex sentences like 'I want to arrange the flowers' (mikham golha-ra bechinam) is a key milestone. Learners also encounter the word in more varied reading materials, such as recipes or simple news reports about harvests.

At the B2 level, 'chidan' is used in more abstract and idiomatic ways. Learners understand 'gol-chin' as 'selection' or 'the best of'. They can discuss the 'chidemān' of a political argument or the way a story is 'arranged'. The verb is also used in more technical contexts, such as shearing sheep in an agricultural discussion or the specific layout of a professional workspace. Passive forms and more complex causative structures involving the verb are mastered at this level.

At the C1 level, the nuance of 'chidan' in classical and modern literature is explored. The verb is seen as a poetic tool—picking 'the fruit of knowledge' or 'arranging stars'. Learners can distinguish between the subtle registers of 'chidan' versus 'ārāstan' (to adorn). They also understand the historical etymology and how the word has evolved. The use of the verb in legal or highly formal documents to describe the 'arrangement' of clauses or terms is also recognized.

At the C2 level, the learner has a native-like grasp of 'chidan' in all its metaphorical, idiomatic, and archaic glory. They can use it to describe the 'arrangement' of a complex philosophical system or the 'picking' of a specific, rare opportunity in a highly nuanced way. They are familiar with obscure proverbs involving the verb and can use it with perfect precision in any register, from street slang to academic prose. The word is no longer just a verb; it's a conceptual tool for describing order and selection in the universe.

練習する例文メモとヒント

چیدن 30秒で

Chidan means to pick (flowers/fruit) or to arrange (table/items).
The present stem is 'chin' and the past stem is 'chid'.
It is a key verb for household chores and gardening contexts.
Culturally, it is central to the Nowruz 'Haft-Sin' table tradition.

The Persian verb چیدن (Chidan) is a versatile and essential word in the Persian language, primarily used to describe the act of organizing, arranging, or selecting items from a source. At its core, it signifies a transition from a state of disorder or natural growth to a state of human-led organization or harvest. Whether you are setting a dinner table for guests or plucking a rose from a garden, this verb captures the intentionality of the action. In the context of the CEFR A2 level, learners encounter this word most frequently in domestic and natural settings. It is the bridge between simply 'having' objects and 'placing' them with purpose. The beauty of Chidan lies in its dual nature: it is both a creative act (arranging) and a subtractive act (picking).

Primary Definition: To pick, pluck, or harvest fruits, flowers, or leaves from a plant or tree.
Secondary Definition: To arrange, set, or lay out items in a specific order, such as a table, furniture, or a display.
Specialized Definition: To shear or trim, specifically used for sheep's wool or occasionally for cutting hair or nails in specific literary or regional contexts.

مریم در حال چیدن سیب‌های رسیده از درخت است.

Translation: Maryam is picking the ripe apples from the tree.

Understanding the nuance of this verb requires looking at its present stem, چین (chin). This stem appears in many compound words related to selection and arrangement. For example, gol-chin (flower-picking) refers to selecting the best of something. When you 'chidan' a table (میز چیدن), you aren't just putting things on it; you are preparing a space for connection and nourishment. This cultural weight makes the verb much more significant than a simple 'to put'.

لطفاً به من کمک کن تا میز شام را بچینم.

Translation: Please help me set the dinner table.

Furthermore, the verb extends into the realm of grooming. While 'cut' is usually boridan, for sheep, we use pashm-chidan. This highlights the verb's association with harvesting a resource. In modern Persian, you might also hear it used for 'arranging' a shop window or a bookshelf, emphasizing aesthetic order.

او کتاب‌هایش را بر اساس رنگ چیده است.

Translation: He has arranged his books according to color.

Using چیدن correctly involves mastering its conjugation and understanding which nouns it commonly pairs with. As a regular verb in its past tense but slightly irregular in its present stem, it follows the standard patterns of Persian grammar. The past stem is چید (chid) and the present stem is چین (chin). This distinction is crucial for forming the present continuous, future, and imperative tenses.

Present Tense (I arrange): می‌چینم (mi-chin-am)
Past Tense (I arranged): چیدم (chid-am)
Imperative (Arrange!): بچین (be-chin)

بیا گل‌ها را در گلدان بچینیم.

Translation: Let's arrange the flowers in the vase.

When using the verb to mean 'to pick', it usually takes a direct object followed by the postposition -ra (را). For example, 'picking the fruit' is miveh-ra chidan. When used for 'arranging', it often implies a specific location, like 'on the table' (ru-ye miz) or 'in the shelf' (dar ghafaseh). It is important to note that 'chidan' implies a sense of care; you wouldn't use it for throwing things into a pile.

باغبانی که میوه‌ها را می‌چیند، باید دقت کند.

Translation: The gardener who picks the fruits must be careful.

In compound forms, 'chidan' becomes part of nouns like chidemān (layout/decor). If you are talking about interior design, you are talking about chidemān-e dākheli. This shows how the verb moves from a simple physical action to a professional concept of design and aesthetics. For a learner, mastering the 'table setting' context is the most practical first step.

او سلیقه خوبی در چیدن دکوراسیون دارد.

Translation: She has good taste in arranging the decoration.

You will encounter چیدن in a variety of everyday and specialized environments. Its most common home is in the domestic sphere. Parents often ask children to 'set the table' (miz bechin) before meals. In the spring, especially during the Persian New Year (Nowruz), the word is everywhere as families 'arrange' their Haft-Sin tables. This is a deeply emotional and cultural context for the word, symbolizing the start of a new year with order and beauty.

At Home: Setting the table, organizing a closet, or putting away groceries.
In Nature: Picking flowers in a park, harvesting fruit in an orchard, or gathering herbs.
In Business: Arranging products on shelves (merchandising) or designing a window display.

ما هر سال سفره هفت‌سین را با عشق می‌چینیم.

Translation: We arrange the Haft-Sin table with love every year.

In literature and poetry, chidan is frequently used as a metaphor for gathering experiences or choosing words. A poet might 'pick' words like flowers to create a poem. In agricultural regions of Iran, like the tea plantations of Gilan or the rose fields of Kashan, the word is part of the daily professional vocabulary. You'll hear workers discussing the 'picking season' (fasl-e chidan).

فصل چیدن چای در شمال ایران آغاز شده است.

Translation: The tea-picking season has started in northern Iran.

Another interesting place to hear it is in the context of games, specifically dominoes or cards, where you must 'arrange' your pieces. Even in modern digital contexts, 'chidan' can refer to arranging icons on a screen or elements in a graphic design software. It remains a vital verb for any action involving spatial organization.

While چیدن is relatively straightforward, learners often confuse it with other verbs that involve 'putting' or 'moving' objects. The most common error is using gozāshtan (to put/place) when chidan is more appropriate. While gozāshtan is a general term for placing something anywhere, chidan implies a specific order, sequence, or aesthetic arrangement.

Chidan vs. Gozāshtan: Use 'Chidan' for a set of items (like a table); use 'Gozāshtan' for a single item (like putting a glass on a table).
Chidan vs. Jam' Kardan: 'Jam' kardan' means to collect or pick up from the floor; 'Chidan' means to pick from a plant or to arrange.
Incorrect Stem Usage: Don't use 'chid' for present tense. It's 'mi-chin-am', not 'mi-chid-am'.

Incorrect: من دارم گل‌ها را می‌چیدم.
Correct: من دارم گل‌ها را می‌چینم.

Another mistake involves the 'picking' sense. Learners sometimes use bardāshtan (to pick up/take) when they mean to pluck a flower. Bardāshtan is for something already detached from its source. If the flower is still on the bush, you must use chidan. Using the wrong verb here can make you sound like you are 'taking' the whole pot rather than 'plucking' a single bloom.

او به جای چیدن میوه، کل شاخه را شکست.

Translation: Instead of picking the fruit, he broke the whole branch.

Finally, be careful with the passive voice. While 'chideh shodan' (to be arranged) is common, learners sometimes struggle with the causative form. If you want to say 'to have someone arrange something', you use different structures. Stick to the active voice as an A2 learner to avoid complex grammatical pitfalls.

To truly master چیدن, it helps to compare it with its synonyms and related verbs. Persian is a language rich in synonyms, each carrying a slightly different weight or context. By understanding these differences, you can choose the most precise word for your situation. The most common related verbs are morattab kardan, gozāshtan, and jam' āvari kardan.

مرتب کردن (Morattab Kardan): Means 'to tidy up' or 'to organize'. While 'chidan' is about the initial layout, 'morattab kardan' is often about fixing a mess.
گذاشتن (Gozāshtan): Means 'to put'. It is neutral and doesn't imply the specific pattern or selection that 'chidan' does.
برداشتن (Bardāshtan): Means 'to pick up' or 'to take'. It is the opposite of 'putting' but lacks the 'plucking' nuance of 'chidan'.

او اتاقش را مرتب کرد اما کتاب‌ها را در قفسه نچید.

Translation: He tidied his room but didn't arrange the books on the shelf.

In the context of harvesting, you might hear derow kardan (to reap/mow), which is used for grains like wheat. Chidan is more for individual items like fruits or flowers. There is also gol-chin kardan, which literally means 'flower-picking' but is used idiomatically to mean 'selecting the best' or 'anthologizing'.

نویسنده بهترین داستان‌هایش را گل‌چین کرده است.

Translation: The author has hand-picked (selected) his best stories.

Lastly, consider ārayesh dādan (to decorate/adorn). This is more formal than 'chidan' and often refers to people (makeup) or very elaborate spaces. 'Chidan' remains the most common, everyday word for creating order from a group of items.

How Formal Is It?

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知っておくべき文法

レベル別の例文

من گل می‌چینم.

I pick a flower.

Simple present tense.

او سیب چید.

He/She picked an apple.

Simple past tense.

مادر میز را می‌چیند.

Mother is setting the table.

Present continuous/habitual.

ما میوه می‌چینیم.

We pick fruit.

First person plural present.

گل را نچین!

Don't pick the flower!

Negative imperative.

آن‌ها کتاب‌ها را چیدند.

They arranged the books.

Third person plural past.

آیا تو سیب می‌چینی؟

Do you pick apples?

Interrogative present.

بیا گل بچینیم.

Let's pick flowers.

Hortative/Subjunctive.

لطفاً قاشق‌ها را روی میز بچین.

Please arrange the spoons on the table.

Imperative with 'lotfan'.

او دارد میوه‌ها را در سبد می‌چیند.

He is arranging the fruits in the basket.

Present continuous.

ما باید صندلی‌ها را برای مهمانی بچینیم.

We must arrange the chairs for the party.

Modal verb 'bāyad' + subjunctive.

دیروز تمام سیب‌های درخت را چیدیم.

Yesterday we picked all the apples from the tree.

Past tense with time adverb.

او همیشه لباس‌هایش را مرتب می‌چیند.

He always arranges his clothes neatly.

Adverb 'hamisheh' + present.

بچه‌ها در حال چیدن پازل هستند.

The children are putting together (arranging) a puzzle.

Present continuous with 'dar hāl-e'.

می‌توانی بشقاب‌ها را بچینی؟

Can you arrange the plates?

Ability 'mitavāni' + subjunctive.

او گل‌های باغچه را برای گلدان چید.

She picked the garden flowers for the vase.

Past tense with prepositional phrase.

او با دقت دکوراسیون مغازه را چیده است.

He has carefully arranged the shop's decoration.

Present perfect.

قبل از آمدن مهمان‌ها، میز را چیده بودیم.

We had set the table before the guests arrived.

Past perfect.

چیدن سفره هفت‌سین یکی از سنت‌های ماست.

Arranging the Haft-Sin table is one of our traditions.

Gerund/Infinitive as subject.

اگر وقت داشتم، کتابخانه را می‌چیدم.

If I had time, I would arrange the library.

Conditional type 2.

او می‌خواست گل‌های وحشی را از کوه بچیند.

He wanted to pick wild flowers from the mountain.

Past desire + subjunctive.

نحوه چیدن وسایل در آشپزخانه مهم است.

The way of arranging items in the kitchen is important.

Noun phrase 'nahve-ye chidan'.

آن‌ها در حال چیدن نقشه‌ای برای سفر هستند.

They are 'arranging' (making) a plan for the trip.

Metaphorical use of 'chidan'.

باغبان مشغول چیدن علف‌های هرز بود.

The gardener was busy picking (pulling) weeds.

Past continuous with 'mashghul-e'.

او کلمات را با وسواس در کنار هم می‌چیند.

He arranges words next to each other with obsession.

Metaphorical literary use.

چیدمان این اتاق باعث بزرگتر دیده شدن آن می‌شود.

The arrangement of this room makes it look larger.

Derivative noun 'chidemān'.

او توانست تمام قطعات دستگاه را دوباره بچیند.

He was able to re-arrange (reassemble) all the machine parts.

Ability in the past.

چیدن میوه‌ها قبل از رسیدن کامل، اشتباه است.

Picking fruits before they are fully ripe is a mistake.

Infinitive as subject with 'ghabl az'.

او با چیدن یک استراتژی جدید، شرکت را نجات داد.

By 'arranging' (devising) a new strategy, he saved the company.

Abstract usage.

باید پشم گوسفندان را در فصل بهار چید.

One must shear the sheep's wool in the spring season.

Impersonal 'bāyad' + infinitive.

او صحنه جرم را طوری چیده بود که پلیس را گمراه کند.

He had arranged the crime scene to mislead the police.

Past perfect with purpose clause.

این مجموعه، گل‌چینی از بهترین اشعار معاصر است.

This collection is a selection (flower-picking) of the best contemporary poems.

Compound noun 'gol-chin'.

او با ظرافتی خاص، تار و پود فرش را می‌چیند.

With a special delicacy, he arranges the warp and weft of the carpet.

Technical/Artistic context.

فیلسوف می‌کوشد تا مفاهیم را در یک نظام منطقی بچیند.

The philosopher strives to arrange concepts in a logical system.

High-level abstract usage.

چیدن میوه ممنوعه، نمادی از هبوط انسان است.

Picking the forbidden fruit is a symbol of the fall of man.

Symbolic/Religious context.

او با چیدن مقدمات لازم، زمینه را برای تغییر فراهم کرد.

By arranging the necessary preliminaries, he prepared the ground for change.

Idiomatic 'chidan-e moghadamāt'.

اشعار او گویی از گلستان معرفت چیده شده‌اند.

His poems are as if they have been picked from the garden of knowledge.

Passive voice 'chideh shodeh-and'.

نحوه چیدن کلمات در شعر سپید، نقشی حیاتی دارد.

The way words are arranged in blank verse plays a vital role.

Literary analysis.

او با چیدن یک سناریوی پیچیده، همه را غافلگیر کرد.

By arranging a complex scenario, he surprised everyone.

Abstract planning.

در این مقاله، نویسنده به چیدن شواهد تاریخی می‌پردازد.

In this article, the author deals with arranging historical evidence.

Academic context.

او با چیدمانی رندانه، حقیقت را وارونه جلوه داد.

With a cunning arrangement, he made the truth appear reversed.

Nuanced/Sophisticated vocabulary.

گویی دست تقدیر، حوادث را چنین در کنار هم چیده بود.

It was as if the hand of fate had arranged the events thusly.

Fatalistic/Poetic usage.

او در چیدن واژگان، به موسیقی درونی آن‌ها توجه دارد.

In arranging words, he pays attention to their internal music.

Advanced aesthetic analysis.

چیدن میوه از درخت زندگی، نیازمند صبر و شکیبایی است.

Picking fruit from the tree of life requires patience and endurance.

Philosophical metaphor.

او با چیدن یک توطئه ظریف، رقیب را از میدان به در کرد.

By arranging a subtle conspiracy, he ousted the rival from the field.

Political/Strategic context.

ساختار روایت به گونه‌ای چیده شده که تعلیق را حفظ کند.

The narrative structure is arranged in a way to maintain suspense.

Narratological terminology.

او با چیدن استدلال‌های متقن، راه را بر هر گونه شک بست.

By arranging solid arguments, he blocked the way for any doubt.

Rhetorical mastery.

در این اثر، مرز میان واقعیت و خیال به زیبایی چیده شده است.

In this work, the boundary between reality and fantasy is beautifully arranged.

Artistic criticism.

よく使う組み合わせ

میز چیدن

گل چیدن

میوه چیدن

سفره چیدن

پشم چیدن

دکوراسیون چیدن

کتاب چیدن

پازل چیدن

نقشه چیدن

مقدمات چیدن

よく使うフレーズ

میز را بچین

گل نچینید

میوه می‌چینیم

سفره هفت‌سین

چیدمان منزل

فصل چیدن

دستگاه چیدن

نحوه چیدن

شروع به چیدن

کمک در چیدن

よく混同される語

چیدن vs گذاشتن

چیدن vs برداشتن

چیدن vs بریدن

慣用句と表現

間違えやすい

چیدن vs

文型パターン

使い方

nuance

Implies a deliberate choice or a specific pattern.

modern slang

Rarely used as slang, mostly literal or standard metaphorical.

よくある間違い

Using 'chid' as the present stem (e.g., *mi-chidam* instead of *mi-chinam*).
Using 'chidan' for picking up something from the floor (use *bardāshtan*).
Using 'chidan' for planting (use *kāshtan*).
Forgetting the 'ra' after the object (e.g., *miz chidan* is okay, but *miz-ra chidan* is better for specific tables).
Using it for choosing a winner (use *entekhāb kardan*).

ヒント

Present Stem

Always remember the present stem is 'chin'. This is where most students make mistakes.

Haft-Sin

Learn the items of the Haft-Sin to understand the cultural importance of 'chidan'.

Compound Verbs

Look for words ending in '-chin' like 'dor-chin' (garnish) or 'gol-chin' (selection).

Polite Requests

Use 'mi-shavad... bechinid?' (Is it possible for you to arrange...?) for politeness.

Describing Rooms

Use 'chidan' to describe where furniture is placed in your writing assignments.

Picking vs Arranging

If the object is on a plant, it's 'picking'. If it's on a surface, it's 'arranging'.

Cooking Shows

Watch Persian cooking videos; they often use 'chidan' when plating food.

Rhyme

Chidan rhymes with 'Didan' (to see). You 'see' the flowers, then you 'chidan' them.

Daily Routine

Every time you set the table, say 'dāram miz-ro michinam' to yourself.

Don't confuse with 'Gozāshtan'

If there's a pattern involved, always choose 'chidan'.

暗記しよう

語源

Middle Persian (Pahlavi)

文化的な背景

The act of 'chidan' the Haft-Sin is a family event.

Rose-picking (Gol-chidan) in Kashan is a major cultural festival.

A well-'chideh' table is a sign of a good host.

実生活で練習する

実際の使用場面

会話のきっかけ

"آیا به من در چیدن میز کمک می‌کنی؟"

"بهترین فصل برای چیدن سیب چه زمانی است؟"

"چیدمان اتاق تو چگونه است؟"

"آیا تا به حال از باغ گل چیده‌ای؟"

"چطور سفره هفت‌سین را می‌چینی؟"

日記のテーマ

Describe how you arrange your desk every morning.

Write about a time you went fruit picking.

Explain the steps to setting a perfect dinner table.

What would you 'pick' from your past to keep forever?

Describe the 'chidemān' of your dream house.

よくある質問

10 問

Yes, but it's more common to use 'kūtāh kardan' or 'eslāh kardan'. 'Chidan' for hair sounds a bit like shearing or a very rough cut.

No, for setting a clock we use 'tanzim kardan'.

Chidan is about the initial layout or picking from a source. Morattab kardan is about tidying up something that is messy.

No, for choosing a person use 'entekhāb kardan'.

Miz-ra bechin (informal: miz-ro bechin).

Yes, 'pāzel chidan' is very common.

It's the noun form meaning 'layout' or 'arrangement', often used in interior design.

No, the present stem is 'chin'. 'Chid' is the past stem.

Yes, 'gol chidan'.

Yes, 'pashm-e gūsfand-rā chidan' is the standard term.