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A2 adjective 9分で読める

مهمان‌نواز

mehmaan navaaz
例文
解説 مهمان‌نواز in your Level:
At the A1 level, you should learn 'mehmān-navāz' as a basic descriptive word for people. Just like you learn 'good' (khub) or 'kind' (mehrabān), 'mehmān-navāz' is a key adjective to describe the people you meet in Iran. You can use it in simple sentences like 'He is hospitable' (Oo mehmān-navāz ast) or 'My mother is hospitable' (Mādar-am mehmān-navāz ast). At this stage, focus on the pronunciation and the idea that it means being very nice to guests. It is one of the most important 'positive' words to know because Iranians take great pride in this quality. You might hear it when people talk about their families or their hometowns. Think of it as 'guest-friendly.' It is a compound word, but for now, just memorize it as a single unit of meaning. If you visit someone's house and they give you lots of tea and fruit, you can say 'Thank you, you are very mehmān-navāz.' This will make your host very happy! It's a great way to start using Persian to express appreciation for the culture you are learning about. Don't worry about the complex grammar yet; just focus on the 'Noun + is + mehmān-navāz' pattern.
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At the A2 level, you can start using 'mehmān-navāz' to describe larger groups and places. You will learn to use it with the Ezafe construction, such as 'mardom-e mehmān-navāz' (hospitable people). You should also be able to form the noun 'mehmān-navāzi' (hospitality) and use it in basic 'thank you' phrases. For example, 'Mamnoon barāye mehmān-navāzi-ye shomā' (Thanks for your hospitality). You are now moving beyond simple descriptions to expressing gratitude. You might also start to see the word in travel contexts, like 'Shirāz shahr-e mehmān-navāzi ast' (Shiraz is a city of hospitality). At this level, you should also be aware of the opposite, though it's rarely used to describe Iranians! You can compare it with 'mehrabān' (kind) and see that while all hospitable people are kind, not all kind people are necessarily hospitable in the traditional sense of hosting. Practice using it in the past tense too: 'Ānhā khayli mehmān-navāz budand' (They were very hospitable). This level is about expanding the context of the word into your daily interactions and travel experiences.
At the B1 level, you should understand the cultural significance of 'mehmān-navāz' and use it in more complex sentence structures. You can use adverbs like 'mehmān-navāzāneh' (hospitably) to describe actions: 'Oo bā mā mehmān-navāzāneh raftār kard' (He behaved hospitably toward us). You should also be able to compare the hospitality of different regions or cultures using 'tar' and 'tarin' (more and most). For example, 'Irāniān mehmān-navāztarin mardom-e khāvar-e miāneh hastand' (Iranians are the most hospitable people in the Middle East). You can now participate in discussions about culture and social values. You should also recognize the word in more formal contexts, such as news reports or short stories. At this stage, you are expected to know the roots of the word: 'mehmān' (guest) and the stem 'navāz' (from navākhtan). This helps you connect it to other words like 'navāzesh' (caress) or 'navāzandeh' (musician), giving you a deeper linguistic intuition. You can also start using the word in the negative or conditional: 'Agar mehmān-navāz nabudand, mā rā be khāneh-shān da'vat nemikardand' (If they weren't hospitable, they wouldn't have invited us to their home).
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At the B2 level, you can use 'mehmān-navāz' to discuss abstract concepts and social sociology. You can talk about how 'mehmān-navāzi' is a pillar of Iranian identity and how it relates to other concepts like 'Ta'arof' (ritual politeness). You should be able to write short essays or give presentations on the importance of hospitality in Persian culture. You can use more advanced collocations, such as 'sonnat-e mehmān-navāzi' (the tradition of hospitality) or 'ruhiyeh-ye mehmān-navāzāneh' (hospitable spirit). You will also encounter the word in more sophisticated literature and perhaps in historical contexts, discussing how hospitality was essential for travelers on the Silk Road. At this level, you should be comfortable using the word in various registers, from informal chats to formal speeches. You can also use it to describe the 'vibe' of a place or an event: 'Fazā-ye in resturān khayli mehmān-navāzāneh ast' (The atmosphere of this restaurant is very welcoming/hospitable). You should also be able to distinguish between 'mehmān-navāz' and its synonyms like 'gharib-navāz' with precision, choosing the right word for the right social context.
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At the C1 level, you have a nuanced understanding of 'mehmān-navāz' and its place in the Persian psyche. You can analyze literary texts where hospitality is a central theme, perhaps in the works of Sa'di or Hafez, where the 'host' and 'guest' often take on mystical or philosophical meanings. You can use the word in complex rhetorical structures and understand its ironic or metaphorical uses. You should be able to discuss the evolution of 'mehmān-navāzi' in the modern, urbanized world and how it differs from traditional rural practices. Your vocabulary should include rare derivatives or related idiomatic expressions. You can use the word to critique or praise social behaviors with high precision. For instance, you might discuss the 'ethics of hospitality' (akhlāq-e mehmān-navāzi) in a philosophical debate. You are also aware of the regional variations in how hospitality is expressed and can use the word to highlight these cultural nuances. At this level, 'mehmān-navāz' is not just a word for you; it's a gateway to understanding the deep structures of Persian social ethics and history.
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At the C2 level, you possess a native-like command of 'mehmān-navāz' and its entire semantic field. You can use it with absolute precision in academic, literary, or diplomatic contexts. You understand the deepest etymological roots and can discuss the word's relationship with Indo-European cognates or its evolution from Middle Persian. You can produce complex creative writing that utilizes the concept of hospitality as a central motif. You are able to interpret and explain the subtle differences between 'mehmān-navāzi' and similar concepts in other cultures (like 'Xenia' in Ancient Greek or 'Omotenashi' in Japanese) using Persian. You can handle the word in all its morphological possibilities, including archaic or highly specialized forms. Whether you are translating a complex text or giving a keynote speech, you use 'mehmān-navāz' and its derivatives with perfect timing and cultural resonance. You also recognize the word's presence in the 'unconscious' of the language—how it shapes the way Iranians perceive social space, time, and the 'other.' At this stage, you are not just a speaker of the language; you are a master of its cultural and ethical nuances.
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例文

The word مهمان‌نواز (mehmān-navāz) is a cornerstone of the Persian language and Iranian identity. At its simplest, it translates to 'hospitable,' but its cultural weight is far more profound than the English equivalent. It is a compound adjective formed from mehmān (guest) and the present stem of navākhtan (to caress, to play music, or to treat kindly). To be مهمان‌نواز is not just to be polite to visitors; it is to treat a guest with the utmost reverence, often prioritizing their comfort above one's own. In Iranian culture, hospitality is seen as a moral duty and a source of pride, deeply rooted in the belief that 'a guest is a friend of God' (mehmān habib-e khodāst).

Literal Meaning
Guest-cherishing or guest-caressing.
Core Concept
The active practice of making a guest feel honored and cared for through food, attention, and generosity.
Cultural Register
Highly positive and respectful; used to describe individuals, families, cities, or the entire nation.

مردم ایران بسیار مهمان‌نواز هستند.
(The people of Iran are very hospitable.)

او همیشه با رفتاری مهمان‌نوازانه از ما پذیرایی می‌کند.
(He always welcomes us with hospitable behavior.)

شهر شیراز به مهمان‌نوازی معروف است.
(The city of Shiraz is famous for hospitality.)

ما به خاطر اخلاق مهمان‌نوازانه‌تان از شما سپاسگزاریم.
(We are grateful to you for your hospitable character.)

فرهنگ مهمان‌نوازی در خون ایرانیان است.
(The culture of hospitality is in Iranians' blood.)

Historically, the concept of being مهمان‌نواز was vital for survival in the harsh desert climates of the Iranian plateau. Travelers needed the kindness of strangers to find water, food, and shelter. This necessity evolved into a sophisticated social ritual. Today, even in urban settings like Tehran, being called mehmān-navāz is one of the highest social validations one can receive. It suggests that your home is an open place where others feel safe and valued. The word is often paired with khosh-ruyee (pleasant-facedness/cheerfulness), because true hospitality in the Persian sense requires a smiling face and a warm heart, not just a full table.

Using مهمان‌نواز effectively requires understanding its role as an adjective and its derivative noun, مهمان‌نوازی (mehmān-navāzi - hospitality). It typically follows the noun it describes using the Ezafe construction (e.g., mardom-e mehmān-navāz) or functions as a predicate adjective after the verb 'to be' (hastand, budand). Because it is a compound word, it remains stable across different registers, though in very formal writing, you might see more complex variations.

Describing People
Used to describe a group, a family, or an individual. Example: 'Hamsāyeh-ye mā khayli mehmān-navāz ast' (Our neighbor is very hospitable).
Describing Places
Often applied to cities or countries. Example: 'Iran keshvari mehmān-navāz ast' (Iran is a hospitable country).
As a Noun
Adding 'i' at the end turns it into 'hospitality.' Example: 'Az mehmān-navāzi-ye shomā mamnoonam' (I am thankful for your hospitality).

آن‌ها خانواده‌ای بسیار مهمان‌نواز هستند.
(They are a very hospitable family.)

گردشگران از روحیه مهمان‌نوازانه مردم محلی لذت بردند.
(Tourists enjoyed the hospitable spirit of the local people.)

آیا شما خودتان را فردی مهمان‌نواز می‌دانید؟
(Do you consider yourself a hospitable person?)

همه ما باید سعی کنیم مهمان‌نواز باشیم.
(We all should try to be hospitable.)

او به خاطر سفره‌های مهمان‌نوازانه‌اش معروف بود.
(She was famous for her hospitable tables/spreads.)

In grammatical terms, مهمان‌نواز is a compound adjective (sefat-e morakkab). It doesn't change for gender (as Persian has no gender). To make it superlative, you add -tarin: mehmān-navāztarin mardom-e donyā (the most hospitable people in the world). When you want to describe an action rather than a person, you use the adverbial form mehmān-navāzāneh. For example, 'He welcomed us hospitably' would be 'Oo bā mehmān-navāzi az mā esteqbāl kard'. Mastering this word allows you to participate in one of the most essential aspects of Persian social life: expressing gratitude for the kindness of others.

You will encounter مهمان‌نواز in almost every social interaction involving a host and a guest. It is a staple of Persian travel documentaries, news reports about festivals, and daily conversations. Iranians often use it to describe their fellow citizens from different provinces, creating a sense of national unity through shared values. For instance, people from the south (Khuzestan, Bushehr) are frequently lauded as exceptionally mehmān-navāz despite the harsh weather conditions they endure.

In Tourism
Brochures and guides constantly use this word to attract visitors, promising a 'mehmān-navāz' experience that goes beyond standard hotel service.
In Literature
Classical and modern poetry often celebrate the 'mehmān-navāz' host who gives their last bit of bread to a traveler.
In Daily Life
When leaving someone's house, a guest might say, 'Mamnoon az in-hame mehmān-navāzi' (Thank you for all this hospitality).

ایرانیان به مهمان‌نوازی در سراسر جهان شهرت دارند.
(Iranians are famous for hospitality throughout the world.)

در این روستای دورافتاده، مردمی بسیار مهمان‌نواز زندگی می‌کنند.
(In this remote village, very hospitable people live.)

او با یک لبخند مهمان‌نوازانه در را باز کرد.
(He opened the door with a hospitable smile.)

تجربه مهمان‌نوازی عشایر برای من فراموش‌نشدنی بود.
(The experience of the nomads' hospitality was unforgettable for me.)

ما باید سنت مهمان‌نوازی را به فرزندانمان بیاموزیم.
(We must teach the tradition of hospitality to our children.)

If you are traveling in Iran, you will likely hear this word applied to YOU as well. People might say, 'Omidvāram az mehmān-navāzi-ye mā rāzi bāshid' (I hope you are satisfied with our hospitality). It is also common in political or diplomatic discourse when one nation thanks another for hosting their citizens or refugees. The word carries a weight of ethical responsibility; to be مهمان‌نواز is to uphold an ancient Persian social contract. Whether you're in a high-end restaurant in North Tehran or a tent in the Zagros mountains, the expectation of being mehmān-navāz remains the gold standard for human interaction.

While مهمان‌نواز is a straightforward adjective, learners often make subtle errors in its usage, spelling, or cultural application. One of the most common mistakes is confusing it with other positive traits like 'kind' (mehrabān) or 'generous' (bakhshandeh). While a hospitable person is usually both, mehmān-navāz specifically refers to the context of hosting and welcoming others. You wouldn't call a generous donor 'mehmān-navāz' unless they were specifically hosting people.

Spelling Confusion
Learners often forget the 'n' in 'mehman' or the 'v' in 'navaz'. It is 'Mehmān' (guest) + 'Navāz' (cherisher). Writing it as 'Mehma-navaz' is a common typo.
Misusing the Noun Form
Saying 'Shomā mehmān-navāzi hastid' (You are hospitality) instead of 'Shomā mehmān-navāz hastid' (You are hospitable). Remember that the 'i' at the end makes it an abstract noun.
Overusing with Objects
You generally cannot call an inanimate object 'mehmān-navāz' unless you are personifying it. You describe people, spirits, or places, not 'hospitable chairs' or 'hospitable food'.

غلط: او خیلی مهمان‌نوازی است.
درست: او خیلی مهمان‌نواز است.
(Wrong: He is very hospitality. Correct: He is very hospitable.)

غلط: این غذا مهمان‌نواز است.
درست: این غذا عالی است.
(Wrong: This food is hospitable. Correct: This food is excellent.)

غلط: مهمانواز (بدون نون)
درست: مهمان‌نواز
(Wrong: Mehmavaz. Correct: Mehman-navaz.)

اشتباه در کاربرد: استفاده برای کسی که فقط پول می‌بخشد.
(Error: Using it for someone who only gives money without hosting.)

اشتباه در تلفظ: تلفظ نون به صورت ساکن در وسط کلمه.
(Error: Incorrectly stressing the 'n' in the middle of the compound.)

Another mistake is failing to use the Ezafe correctly when the word is part of a longer phrase. For example, 'The hospitable people of Iran' must be 'Mardom-e mehmān-navāz-e Irān'. If you miss the second 'e' (Ezafe), the sentence becomes grammatically disjointed. Additionally, when using the word in a sentence like 'They were very hospitable to us,' the preposition 'bā' (with) or 'nesbat be' (towards) is often used: 'Ānhā nesbat be mā khayli mehmān-navāz budand.' Avoiding these common pitfalls will make your Persian sound much more natural and culturally attuned.

Persian is rich with synonyms for social virtues. While مهمان‌نواز is the most common term for hospitality, other words can provide more specific nuances depending on the context. Understanding these alternatives will help you express yourself with more precision and avoid repetition in your writing or speech.

غریب‌نواز (Gharib-navāz)
Specifically means being hospitable or kind to strangers or foreigners. 'Gharib' means stranger.
خوش‌برخورد (Khosh-barkhord)
Means having a good manner or being pleasant in social interactions. It's broader than hospitality.
دست‌ودل‌باز (Dast-o-del-bāz)
Literally 'open-handed and open-hearted,' meaning generous. This often accompanies hospitality.

او نه تنها مهمان‌نواز، بلکه بسیار غریب‌نواز است.
(He is not only hospitable but also very kind to strangers.)

رفتار خوش‌برخورد او همه را جذب می‌کند.
(His pleasant manner attracts everyone.)

یک میزبان دست‌ودل‌باز همیشه بهترین غذا را می‌آورد.
(A generous host always brings the best food.)

او فردی بزرگوار و مهمان‌نواز است.
(He is a noble and hospitable person.)

مهمان‌نوازی او با تواضع همراه است.
(His hospitality is accompanied by humility.)

In summary, while مهمان‌نواز is the gold standard for describing hospitality, don't be afraid to use gharib-navāz for travelers or dast-o-del-bāz for someone who is exceptionally giving. In more formal settings, you might also hear pazirā (welcoming/receptive), though this is less common in spoken Persian. Understanding these nuances will allow you to navigate the complex social landscape of Iranian hospitality with the same grace and warmth that the word itself implies.

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レベル別の例文

1

او بسیار مهمان‌نواز است.

He is very hospitable.

Simple Subject + Adjective + Verb (is).

2

مادر من مهمان‌نواز است.

My mother is hospitable.

Possessive 'man' (my) with the subject.

3

آیا شما مهمان‌نواز هستید؟

Are you hospitable?

Question form using 'āyā'.

4

آن‌ها مردم مهمان‌نوازی هستند.

They are hospitable people.

Plural subject and verb.

5

این مرد مهمان‌نواز است.

This man is hospitable.

Demonstrative 'in' (this).

6

دوست من خیلی مهمان‌نواز است.

My friend is very hospitable.

Use of 'khayli' (very) to intensify the adjective.

7

ما مهمان‌نواز هستیم.

We are hospitable.

First person plural form.

8

او یک میزبان مهمان‌نواز است.

He is a hospitable host.

Adjective following the noun 'mizbān' (host).

1

مردم شیراز به مهمان‌نوازی معروف هستند.

The people of Shiraz are famous for hospitality.

Noun form 'mehmān-navāzi' with the preposition 'be' (for/to).

2

از مهمان‌نوازی شما خیلی ممنونم.

I am very thankful for your hospitality.

Noun form used in a common gratitude phrase.

3

ما در یک خانه مهمان‌نواز ماندیم.

We stayed in a hospitable house.

Past tense verb 'māndim' (we stayed).

4

او همیشه با لبخند و مهمان‌نوازی پذیرایی می‌کند.

He always welcomes with a smile and hospitality.

Using the noun form with 'bā' (with).

5

ایرانی‌ها در تمام دنیا به مهمان‌نواز بودن شناخته می‌شوند.

Iranians are known all over the world for being hospitable.

Gerund-like construction 'mehmān-navāz budan'.

6

این هتل پرسنل مهمان‌نوازی دارد.

This hotel has hospitable staff.

Describing a collective noun 'personel'.

7

من می‌خواهم مهمان‌نواز باشم.

I want to be hospitable.

Infinitive construction 'mikhāham... bāsham'.

8

فرهنگ آن‌ها بسیار مهمان‌نوازانه است.

Their culture is very hospitable.

Adverbial/Adjectival form 'mehmān-navāzāneh'.

1

او با رفتاری مهمان‌نوازانه از گردشگران استقبال کرد.

He welcomed the tourists with hospitable behavior.

Adverbial form 'mehmān-navāzāneh' describing 'raftār' (behavior).

2

هیچ‌کس به اندازه او مهمان‌نواز نیست.

No one is as hospitable as him.

Comparative structure 'be andāzeh-ye' (as much as).

3

مهمان‌نوازی بخشی از هویت ملی ماست.

Hospitality is a part of our national identity.

Abstract noun as the subject of the sentence.

4

آن‌ها با وجود فقر، بسیار مهمان‌نواز بودند.

Despite poverty, they were very hospitable.

Contrastive phrase 'bā vojud-e' (despite).

5

من از روحیه مهمان‌نوازانه این مردم شگفت‌زده شدم.

I was surprised by the hospitable spirit of these people.

Passive-like construction 'shegeft-zadeh shodam'.

6

باید سعی کنیم این سنت مهمان‌نوازی را حفظ کنیم.

We must try to preserve this tradition of hospitality.

Modal 'bāyad' (must) with compound verb 'hefz kardan'.

7

آیا در فرهنگ شما هم مردم این‌قدر مهمان‌نواز هستند؟

Are people this hospitable in your culture too?

Use of 'in-qadr' (this much) for emphasis.

8

او به خاطر مهمان‌نوازی‌اش در محله زبانزد است.

He is famous/well-known in the neighborhood for his hospitality.

Idiomatic term 'zabānzad' (on everyone's tongue).

1

مهمان‌نوازی ایرانیان ریشه در آموزه‌های باستانی و مذهبی دارد.

Iranian hospitality is rooted in ancient and religious teachings.

Complex subject with 'rishe dar... dārad' (is rooted in).

2

او با گشاده‌رویی و مهمان‌نوازی تمام، در را به روی ما گشود.

With complete openness and hospitality, he opened the door to us.

Coupling 'goshādeh-ruyi' with 'mehmān-navāzi'.

3

این کتاب به بررسی ابعاد مختلف مهمان‌نوازی در ادبیات فارسی می‌پردازد.

This book examines various dimensions of hospitality in Persian literature.

Formal verb 'be... mi-pardāzad' (deals with/examines).

4

حس مهمان‌نوازی در این روستا بسیار قوی‌تر از شهر است.

The sense of hospitality in this village is much stronger than in the city.

Comparative 'qavitarin' implied or 'qavi-tar'.

5

او همواره تلاش می‌کند تا به بهترین شکل ممکن مهمان‌نواز باشد.

He always strives to be hospitable in the best possible way.

Adverbial phrase 'be behtarin shekl-e momken'.

6

تجربه مهمان‌نوازی عشایر، دیدگاه مرا نسبت به زندگی تغییر داد.

The experience of nomadic hospitality changed my perspective on life.

Subject-Object-Verb with a change of perspective.

7

ما نباید اجازه دهیم زندگی مدرن، روحیه مهمان‌نوازانه ما را کمرنگ کند.

We should not let modern life dim our hospitable spirit.

Negative modal 'nabāyad' with 'ejāzeh dādan'.

8

او به عنوان نمادی از یک انسان مهمان‌نواز شناخته می‌شود.

He is recognized as a symbol of a hospitable person.

Use of 'be onvān-e' (as/in the capacity of).

1

مهمان‌نوازی در ایران فراتر از یک وظیفه اجتماعی، یک آیین اخلاقی است.

Hospitality in Iran is more than a social duty; it is an ethical ritual.

Complex philosophical comparison using 'farātar az'.

2

نویسنده در این داستان، تضاد میان دنیای مدرن و سنت مهمان‌نوازی را به تصویر می‌کشد.

The author portrays the contrast between the modern world and the tradition of hospitality in this story.

Literary analysis vocabulary 'be tasvir mi-keshad'.

3

او با تواضعی مثال‌زدنی، مهمان‌نوازی بی‌شائبه خود را ابراز کرد.

With exemplary humility, he expressed his unalloyed hospitality.

Sophisticated adjectives like 'mesāl-zadani' and 'bi-shā'ebeh'.

4

مهمان‌نوازی بی‌دریغ آن‌ها، هرگونه احساس تنهایی را از دل ما زدود.

Their unstinting hospitality erased any feeling of loneliness from our hearts.

Poetic verb 'zodudan' (to erase/wipe away).

5

در متون کلاسیک، مهمان‌نوازی همواره با کرامت انسانی گره خورده است.

In classical texts, hospitality is always intertwined with human dignity.

Passive construction 'gereh khordeh ast'.

6

فرهنگ مهمان‌نوازی می‌تواند پلی برای درک متقابل میان ملت‌ها باشد.

The culture of hospitality can be a bridge for mutual understanding between nations.

Metaphorical use of 'pol' (bridge).

7

او با وجود مشغله فراوان، هرگز از خصلت مهمان‌نوازی خود دست نکشید.

Despite being very busy, he never gave up his trait of hospitality.

Idiomatic phrase 'dast keshidan' (to give up/stop).

8

مهمان‌نوازی، تجلی عینیِ نوع‌دوستی در جامعه ایرانی است.

Hospitality is the objective manifestation of altruism in Iranian society.

Academic vocabulary 'tajalli-ye eyni' (objective manifestation).

1

مفهوم مهمان‌نوازی در اندیشه ایرانی، با قدسیتِ حضورِ «دیگری» پیوندی ناگسستنی دارد.

The concept of hospitality in Iranian thought has an unbreakable bond with the sanctity of the presence of 'the Other'.

Highly abstract vocabulary: 'qodsiyat' (sanctity), 'nā-gosastani' (unbreakable).

2

ویژگی مهمان‌نوازانه این اقلیم، حتی در معماری خانه‌های سنتی نیز متبلور گشته است.

The hospitable characteristic of this region is even crystallized in the architecture of traditional houses.

Sophisticated verb 'motaballar gashtan' (to become crystallized).

3

مهمان‌نوازی، نه یک کنشِ گذرا، بلکه یک ساحتِ وجودی در زیست‌جهانِ ایرانی است.

Hospitality is not a transient action, but an existential realm in the Iranian life-world.

Phenomenological terms: 'konsh-e gozarā', 'sāhat-e vojud', 'zist-jahān'.

4

شاعر با ظرافتی تمام، مهمان‌نوازی را به مثابهِ ایثارِ جان در طبقِ اخلاص توصیف می‌کند.

The poet, with total finesse, describes hospitality as the sacrifice of life on the tray of sincerity.

Metaphorical and idiomatic: 'tabaq-e ekhlās'.

5

تقابلِ میانِ مهمان‌

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