متعارضاً 30秒で
- Means acting or speaking in a contradictory or opposing manner.
- Used in formal contexts to highlight clashes with previous statements or norms.
- Implies direct opposition rather than simple difference.
- Common in news, legal, and academic Persian.
The Persian adverb 'متعارضاً' (mota'ārezan) is a sophisticated word that signifies acting or speaking in a way that is contrary to, or in opposition to, something else. It implies a direct contradiction or a stance that clashes with a previous statement, idea, action, or established norm. Think of it as the adverbial form of 'contradictory' or 'in opposition'.
You'll encounter 'متعارضاً' in contexts where there's a clear divergence of opinions, actions, or principles. It's often used in formal discussions, debates, legal arguments, or academic writing to highlight a point of contention or disagreement. When someone behaves 'متعارضاً', they are not just disagreeing passively; their actions or words actively challenge or oppose the prevailing sentiment or a specific point being made.
For instance, if a new policy is introduced that directly conflicts with the company's long-standing values, one might say that the policy was implemented 'متعارضاً' with those values. Similarly, if a witness's testimony in court 'متعارضاً' with other evidence, it undermines their credibility. It's a word that adds a layer of formality and precision when describing opposition.
- Key Concept
- 'متعارضاً' describes the *manner* of opposition. It's not just that something is opposite, but that it is *being presented* or *acting* in an opposite manner.
The new proposal was put forth متعارضاً with the established guidelines.
- Formal Usage
- This adverb is more common in written Persian and formal spoken contexts. You are less likely to hear it in casual everyday conversations among friends, but it's crucial for understanding more complex texts and discussions.
- Root Word
- The root of 'متعارضاً' is 'تعارض' (ta'āroz), which means 'conflict', 'contradiction', or 'opposition'. The 'مت' (mota-) prefix often indicates reciprocity or involvement, and the '-اً' (-an) suffix turns it into an adverb.
His actions were interpreted as proceeding متعارضاً with the spirit of the agreement.
Understanding 'متعارضاً' helps you grasp nuanced arguments and identify points of disagreement in Persian texts. It's a marker of sophisticated expression, indicating that something is not just different, but actively at odds with something else.
Using 'متعارضاً' effectively hinges on understanding the relationship of opposition it describes. It typically follows or precedes the element it modifies, clarifying the manner in which an action or statement is contradictory. The key is to identify the two opposing elements in the sentence.
Here are common sentence structures and examples to illustrate its usage:
- Structure 1: Action/Statement +عارضاً + Opposing Element
- This is a very common structure where 'متعارضاً' directly precedes the thing it is in opposition to.
The judge ruled متعارضاً with the public opinion.
- Structure 2: Subject + Verb +عارضاً + Object/Complement
- Here, 'متعارضاً' modifies the verb, describing how the action is performed.
He spoke متعارضاً with his previous statements.
- Structure 3:عارضاً + Clause/Phrase
- The adverb can also begin a clause or phrase, setting a tone of opposition from the outset.
متعارضاً with the company's policy, he made the decision.
When constructing your own sentences, try to identify a clear point of contradiction. For example, think about a situation where someone's actions don't align with their words, or where a new idea clashes with an old one. Then, use 'متعارضاً' to describe this clashing manner.
Consider the following nuanced examples:
- The research findings were presented متعارضاً with the prevailing scientific consensus. (Here, the findings are in opposition to the consensus.)
- She explained her decision, though it seemed to act متعارضاً with her previous commitments. (Her decision's manner of acting is in opposition to her past promises.)
- The government's new regulations were implemented متعارضاً with the economic realities faced by small businesses. (The implementation's manner was contradictory to the economic situation.)
Remember that 'متعارضاً' is an adverb, so it modifies verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs, describing *how* something is done or *to what extent* it is contradictory. It adds a formal and precise tone to your Persian.
While 'متعارضاً' isn't a word you'd typically use when ordering tea at a cafe, it's frequently heard and read in specific environments where precision and formality are valued. Understanding these contexts will help you recognize when and how native speakers employ this term.
One of the most common places to encounter 'متعارضاً' is in news reporting and political commentary. Journalists and analysts use it to describe policies, statements, or actions that clash with previous government stances, international agreements, or public expectations. For example, a news report might state that a new bill was passed 'متعارضاً' with the ruling party's election promises.
In legal settings, 'متعارضاً' is indispensable. Lawyers, judges, and legal scholars use it to highlight inconsistencies in testimonies, contradictions between evidence, or arguments that are in opposition to established legal precedents. A defense attorney might argue that the prosecution's evidence was presented 'متعارضاً' with the defendant's alibi.
Academic and scholarly discussions are another prime domain for 'متعارضاً'. In essays, research papers, and lectures, it's used to contrast theories, critique methodologies, or point out logical fallacies. A philosophy professor might discuss a concept that operates 'متعارضاً' with a widely accepted philosophical principle.
- Formal Debates
- In formal debates or panel discussions, participants might use 'متعارضاً' to directly challenge an opponent's point or to position their own argument as being in opposition to the prevailing view.
The historian's interpretation of the event seemed to proceed متعارضاً with traditional narratives.
You will also find 'متعارضاً' in literature and literary criticism, where it can be used to describe character motivations, plot developments, or thematic elements that are in conflict. A critic might analyze a character's actions as being 'متعارضاً' with their stated beliefs.
Even in business and management, particularly in reports or strategic planning documents, 'متعارضاً' can appear when discussing how a new initiative might conflict with existing operational procedures or market strategies.
In essence, 'متعارضاً' signals a formal, deliberate opposition. Its presence in a text or speech is a clue that you should look for two distinct, clashing ideas or actions.
When learning to use 'متعارضاً', learners sometimes make mistakes that can alter the intended meaning or make the sentence sound unnatural. The most frequent errors stem from misinterpreting its function as an adverb and its specific nuance of opposition.
One common pitfall is using 'متعارضاً' when a simpler word for 'different' or 'unlike' would suffice. 'متعارضاً' implies a direct clash or contradiction, not just a simple difference. For example, saying 'The colors are 'متعارضاً' different' would be incorrect; 'different' is the intended meaning, not necessarily contradictory.
Another mistake is misplacing the adverb in the sentence. While it's flexible, incorrect placement can lead to ambiguity. It should clearly modify the verb or the element it's opposing. For instance, placing it too far from the action it describes can weaken its impact.
- Incorrect: He acted 'متعارضاً' the rules.
- This is grammatically awkward. It should be 'He acted متعارضاً with the rules.'
Learners might also confuse 'متعارضاً' with adjectives or nouns that describe opposition. Remember, 'متعارضاً' is an adverb, describing *how* an action is performed. It doesn't describe the state of being contradictory itself, but the manner of acting in a contradictory way.
A further error involves using it in informal contexts where it sounds overly formal or even pretentious. While it's a valuable word for formal settings, overusing it in casual conversation can create a disconnect.
- Grammar Confusion
- Confusing it with the adjective 'متعارض' (mota'ārez - contradictory) is common. 'متعارض' describes a noun, while 'متعارضاً' describes a verb or an action.
Incorrect: His response was متعارضاً.
Correct: His response was متعارض.
Finally, failing to clearly identify the two opposing elements in the sentence can lead to unclear usage. The effectiveness of 'متعارضاً' relies on the reader or listener understanding what is being contradicted.
By being mindful of these common errors, you can ensure that your use of 'متعارضاً' is accurate, precise, and effective in conveying the intended meaning of opposition.
While 'متعارضاً' is a precise term for acting in opposition, Persian offers several other words and phrases that convey similar or related meanings, each with its own nuance and register. Understanding these alternatives can enrich your vocabulary and help you choose the most appropriate word for a given context.
'برعکس' (bar'aks): This is a very common adverb meaning 'conversely', 'on the contrary', or 'vice versa'. It often introduces a statement that is the opposite of what was just said. It's generally less formal than 'متعارضاً' and focuses more on a direct reversal.
- Comparison: 'متعارضاً' vs. 'برعکس'
- 'متعارضاً' emphasizes the *manner* of acting in opposition, often implying a deliberate clash. 'برعکس' more simply states that something is the opposite or contrary.
Statement 1: He enjoys hot weather. Statement 2: برعکس, I prefer the cold.
The government acted متعارضاً with international law.
'خلاف' (khelāf): This word, often used as a preposition or adverb, means 'contrary to', 'against', or 'in violation of'. It's very close in meaning to 'متعارضاً' when used adverbially, especially in formal contexts. It often implies a breach of rules or expectations.
- Comparison: 'متعارضاً' vs. 'خلاف'
- 'متعارضاً' is purely an adverb describing the manner. 'خلاف' can function as a preposition ('خلافِ قانون' - against the law) or an adverbial phrase ('عمل کردن خلافِ انتظار' - to act contrary to expectation). When used adverbially, they are very similar, with 'متعارضاً' perhaps carrying a slightly stronger sense of inherent opposition, while 'خلاف' often implies a violation.
His actions were خلاف our agreement.
The company's decision was made متعارضاً with its stated mission.
'برخلاف' (bar'khelāf): This is a compound word that functions similarly to 'خلاف' as a preposition meaning 'contrary to' or 'unlike'. It's quite common and often interchangeable with 'خلاف' in many contexts.
'نقیضاً' (naqizan): This is a more formal and less common adverb derived from 'نقیض' (naqiz - contradiction, opposite). It means 'contradictorily' or 'as an antithesis'. It's often used in philosophical or highly academic discourse.
- Comparison: 'متعارضاً' vs. 'نقیضاً'
- 'نقیضاً' implies a direct logical opposite or negation. 'متعارضاً' is broader and can include opposition in action, principle, or opinion, not just logical negation.
The second statement acted نقیضاً to the first.
His actions were متعارضاً with his public image.
Phrasal alternatives like 'در تضاد با' (dar tazād bā - in conflict with) or 'در تقابل با' (dar taqābol bā - in opposition to) are also common and function similarly to the adverbs, often requiring a slightly different sentence structure.
Choosing the right word depends on the specific context, the degree of opposition, and the desired level of formality. 'متعارضاً' is best reserved for situations requiring a formal, precise description of an action or statement that directly clashes with something else.
How Formal Is It?
豆知識
The root ع-ر-ض (ʿ-r-ḍ) is incredibly versatile in Arabic and Persian, appearing in words related to عرض (ʿarḍ - width, presentation), عرضه (ʿarẓe - supply), و عرض کردن (ʿarz kardan - to present/offer). The sense of 'opposition' in 'متعارضاً' emerges from the idea of one thing being 'presented against' another.
発音ガイド
- Pronouncing the 'ع' (ayn) sound incorrectly, often as a simple vowel.
- Misplacing the stress, which can change the word's perceived rhythm.
- Not articulating the final '-an' clearly.
難易度
Readers will encounter 'متعارضاً' in formal texts like news articles, academic papers, and legal documents. Understanding its precise meaning of direct opposition is key to comprehending nuanced arguments and identifying points of contention within the text.
Using 'متعارضاً' correctly in writing requires a good grasp of formal Persian and the ability to identify clear instances of contradiction. It's best employed when aiming for precision and a formal tone, particularly in argumentative or analytical writing.
While less common in casual conversation, 'متعارضاً' can be used effectively in formal presentations, debates, or discussions to convey a precise meaning of opposition. Learners should practice using it in structured speaking scenarios.
Recognizing 'متعارضاً' in spoken Persian, especially in news broadcasts, lectures, or formal speeches, is important for understanding the speaker's intent to highlight a conflict or disagreement. Its formal nature makes it a strong indicator of the register.
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知っておくべき文法
Adverb Placement
'متعارضاً' can often appear before or after the verb it modifies, or at the beginning of a phrase to emphasize the opposition. Example: او متعارضاً با قانون عمل کرد. / او قانون را متعارضاً عمل کرد.
Use of Prepositions with Adverbs
Adverbs like 'متعارضاً' are frequently followed by prepositions like 'با' (with) to specify what is being opposed. Example: متعارضاً با توافق (contradictorily with the agreement).
Distinction between Adverb and Adjective
'متعارضاً' (adverb) modifies verbs, while 'متعارض' (adjective) modifies nouns. Example: او متعارضاً عمل کرد (He acted contradictorily). vs. اقدامات متعارض او (His contradictory actions).
Forming Adverbs with '-an'
Many Persian adverbs are formed by adding '-اً' (-an) to the base form of an adjective or noun. 'متعارض' (adjective) becomes 'متعارضاً' (adverb).
Using 'به طور' + Adjective
An alternative way to express the adverbial meaning is 'به طور متعارض' (be towr-e mota'ārez), meaning 'in a contradictory manner'. Example: او به طور متعارض صحبت میکرد.
レベル別の例文
این دو رنگ با هم جور نیستند.
These two colors do not match.
Simple sentence structure, focusing on basic adjectives and negation.
او گفت بله، اما بعداً نه گفت.
He said yes, but later said no.
Basic past tense verbs and conjunctions.
من این کار را انجام دادم، اما او برعکس آن را کرد.
I did this task, but he did the opposite.
Introduction of 'برعکس' (opposite) in a simple comparative sentence.
قانون قدیمی بود و قانون جدید متفاوت است.
The old law was different from the new law.
Using 'متفاوت' (different) to compare two items.
حرفهای او با کارهایش یکی نبود.
His words were not the same as his actions.
Simple negation with possessives.
این راه درست است، آن راه اشتباه است.
This way is correct, that way is wrong.
Basic adjectives and demonstrative pronouns.
او همیشه حرفهای متناقض میزند.
He always says contradictory things.
Introduction of 'متناقض' (contradictory) in a simple descriptive sentence.
نظر من با نظر شما فرق دارد.
My opinion differs from yours.
Using 'فرق دارد' (differs) for comparison.
این طرح با رویکرد قبلی ما همسو نیست.
This plan is not aligned with our previous approach.
Use of 'همسو نیست' (is not aligned) to express lack of harmony.
گزارش او نتایج تحقیق را خلاف انتظار نشان داد.
His report showed results contrary to expectations.
Use of 'خلاف انتظار' (contrary to expectation).
آنها تصمیم گرفتند کاری کنند که با منافع شرکت در تضاد باشد.
They decided to do something that would be in conflict with the company's interests.
Using 'در تضاد باشد' (be in conflict with).
اظهارات او به طور کامل با گفتههای پیشینش در تناقض بود.
His statements were in complete contradiction with his previous remarks.
Using 'در تناقض بود' (was in contradiction).
سیاست جدید شرکت با ارزشهای اصلی آن همخوانی ندارد.
The company's new policy does not align with its core values.
Using 'همخوانی ندارد' (does not align/match).
این دو دیدگاه به طور آشکاری با هم فرق دارند.
These two viewpoints clearly differ from each other.
Using 'فرق دارند' (differ) for comparison of viewpoints.
اقدامات او برخلاف قوانین سازمان بود.
His actions were against the organization's rules.
Using 'برخلاف' (against/contrary to).
او سعی کرد تا حرفهایش را توجیه کند، اما تناقض در کلامش مشهود بود.
He tried to justify his words, but the contradiction in his speech was evident.
Using 'تناقض' (contradiction) as a noun.
این تصمیم به طور آشکار متعارضاً با منافع بلندمدت کشور اتخاذ شد.
This decision was clearly made contradictorily with the country's long-term interests.
Use of 'متعارضاً' to describe the manner of decision-making.
در آن مناظره، هر دو طرف به طور متعارضاً به یکدیگر حمله میکردند.
In that debate, both sides were attacking each other contradictorily.
'متعارضاً' modifies the verb 'حمله میکردند' (were attacking).
موضعگیری جدید او متعارضاً با اصول حزب بود.
His new stance was contradictorily with the party's principles.
Describing a stance acting in opposition to principles.
تحقیقات نشان داد که یافتههای قبلی به طور متعارضاً با مشاهدات جدید همخوانی ندارند.
The research showed that previous findings do not align contradictorily with new observations.
Highlighting the contradictory nature of research findings.
او در حالی صحبت میکرد که رفتارش متعارضاً با حرفهایش بود.
He was speaking while his behavior was contradictorily with his words.
Contrasting verbal statements with non-verbal actions.
این قانون، متعارضاً با روح دموکراسی، آزادی بیان را محدود میکند.
This law, contradictorily with the spirit of democracy, restricts freedom of speech.
Introducing a clause with 'متعارضاً' to highlight a conflict with a fundamental principle.
بازار سهام امروز به طور متعارضاً با پیشبینیهای تحلیلگران عمل کرد.
The stock market today acted contradictorily with analysts' predictions.
Describing market behavior in opposition to predictions.
آن دو برادر، با وجود شباهت ظاهری، در شخصیت به طور متعارضاً متفاوت بودند.
Those two brothers, despite outward similarity, were contradictorily different in personality.
Using 'متعارضاً' to emphasize a stark difference in personality.
این رویکرد فلسفی، متعارضاً با بنیانهای هستیشناسی کلاسیک بنا شده است.
This philosophical approach is built contradictorily with the foundations of classical ontology.
Used in a highly academic context to describe a philosophical stance.
جامعهشناسان معتقدند که این پدیده به طور متعارضاً با ارزشهای سنتی در تضاد است.
Sociologists believe that this phenomenon is contradictorily in conflict with traditional values.
Expressing a societal conflict between new phenomena and old values.
نقد او، متعارضاً با تفسیر رایج، به جنبههای کمتر دیدهشده اثر پرداخت.
His critique, contradictorily with the prevailing interpretation, addressed the less-seen aspects of the work.
Highlighting a critique that goes against the common understanding.
این استراتژی بازاریابی، متعارضاً با اصول پایداری، به دنبال حداکثرسازی سود کوتاهمدت بود.
This marketing strategy, contradictorily with sustainability principles, sought to maximize short-term profit.
Analyzing a business strategy's opposition to ethical principles.
روایت تاریخی او، متعارضاً با اسناد موجود، تصویری متفاوت از وقایع ارائه میداد.
His historical narrative, contradictorily with existing documents, presented a different picture of events.
Contrasting a narrative with factual evidence.
این فرم هنری، متعارضاً با زیباییشناسی متعارف، بر ناهمگونی و گسست تأکید دارد.
This art form, contradictorily with conventional aesthetics, emphasizes disharmony and fragmentation.
Describing an art form that deliberately opposes traditional beauty standards.
موضعگیری سیاسی او، متعارضاً با وعدههای انتخاباتیاش، به نظر میرسید.
His political stance appeared contradictorily with his election promises.
Analyzing political inconsistency.
انتقاد او، متعارضاً با برداشت عمومی، به عمق و پیچیدگی اثر اشاره داشت.
His criticism, contradictorily with the general perception, pointed to the depth and complexity of the work.
Contrasting a critical view with common perception.
این پدیده اجتماعی، متعارضاً با نظریههای جامعهشناختی غالب، الگویی نوظهور را به نمایش میگذارد.
This social phenomenon, contradictorily with dominant sociological theories, displays an emerging pattern.
Used in advanced sociological discourse to describe a phenomenon that defies established theories.
در تحلیل متن، نویسنده متعارضاً با رویکردهای تفسیری پیشین، به لایههای پنهان معنایی دست یافت.
In text analysis, the author, contradictorily with previous interpretive approaches, accessed hidden layers of meaning.
Highlighting an innovative interpretive method that challenges existing ones.
این جنبش هنری، متعارضاً با زیباییشناسی مدرنیستی، به دنبال بازگشت به فرمهای کلاسیک بود.
This art movement, contradictorily with modernist aesthetics, sought a return to classical forms.
Describing an art movement that deliberately opposes the prevailing artistic trends.
اقدامات دولت، متعارضاً با تعهدات بینالمللی، به طور فزایندهای مورد انتقاد قرار گرفت.
The government's actions, contradictorily with international commitments, were increasingly criticized.
Used in international relations to describe a violation of treaties or agreements.
این تفسیر ادبی، متعارضاً با سنت نقد کهن، بر عاملیت خواننده تأکید میورزد.
This literary interpretation, contradictorily with the old critical tradition, emphasizes reader agency.
Contrasting a new literary theory with established critical paradigms.
توسعه تکنولوژی، متعارضاً با آرمانهای برابریطلبانه، شکاف دیجیتالی را تشدید کرده است.
The development of technology, contradictorily with egalitarian ideals, has exacerbated the digital divide.
Analyzing the unintended negative consequences of progress.
نظریه او، متعارضاً با پارادایمهای علمی پذیرفتهشده، چارچوبی بدیل برای درک پدیدهها ارائه میدهد.
His theory, contradictorily with accepted scientific paradigms, offers an alternative framework for understanding phenomena.
Proposing a new scientific theory that challenges existing models.
این اثر هنری، متعارضاً با ذات طبیعتگرایی، به انتزاع و بیانگری محض میپردازد.
This work of art, contradictorily with the essence of naturalism, addresses abstraction and pure expressiveness.
Describing an artwork that intentionally deviates from its genre's core principles.
よく使う組み合わせ
よく使うフレーズ
— Acting in direct opposition to established rules or laws.
The company's new policy was implemented متعارضاً با قوانین موجود.
— Acting in a way that clashes with fundamental principles or ethics.
His decision seemed متعارضاً با اصول اخلاقی که همیشه رعایت میکرد.
— Acting in a manner that is detrimental or contrary to certain interests.
The proposed action was متعارضاً با منافع بلندمدت کشور.
— Behaving or performing in a way that is contrary to what was expected.
The results of the experiment turned out متعارضاً با انتظار ما.
— Acting in opposition to a prior agreement or understanding.
His recent statements were متعارضاً با توافق قبلی که با هم داشتیم.
— Speaking or acting in a way that is contrary to the truth.
He presented information متعارضاً با حقیقت ماجرا.
— Acting or reasoning in a way that defies logical principles.
The argument was presented متعارضاً با منطق روشن.
— Acting or expressing an opinion that is in opposition to someone else's view.
She voted متعارضاً با نظر اکثریت اعضای کمیته.
— Acting in a manner that contradicts a promise that was made.
The government's new policy was متعارضاً با وعدههای انتخاباتی.
— Acting in a way that is contrary to the spirit or essence of something (like a law or idea).
This new regulation is متعارضاً با روح دموکراسی.
よく混同される語
'متعارض' is the adjective form, meaning 'contradictory' or 'conflicting'. It describes a noun. 'متعارضاً' is the adverb, describing how an action is performed. Example: 'اقدامات متعارض' (contradictory actions) vs. 'او متعارضاً عمل کرد' (He acted contradictorily).
'برعکس' means 'conversely' or 'on the contrary'. It often introduces a statement that is the direct opposite of a previous one. 'متعارضاً' describes the *manner* of acting in opposition, implying a clash or conflict, not just a simple reversal.
'خلاف' means 'contrary to' or 'against'. While similar, 'متعارضاً' often implies a more inherent or active opposition, whereas 'خلاف' can sometimes suggest a breach of rules or expectations. 'متعارضاً' is typically used as a standalone adverb, while 'خلاف' often functions as a prepositional phrase (e.g., 'خلافِ انتظار').
間違えやすい
Both words share the same root and relate to opposition.
'متعارض' is an adjective describing a noun (e.g., 'قوانین متعارض' - contradictory laws). 'متعارضاً' is an adverb describing how an action is performed (e.g., 'او متعارضاً عمل کرد' - He acted contradictorily). The suffix '-اً' changes it from describing a state to describing a manner of action.
نظرات آنها متعارض بود. (Their opinions were contradictory - adjective). او متعارضاً با نظر من صحبت کرد. (He spoke contradictorily with my opinion - adverb).
Both are adverbs indicating a form of opposition or difference.
'برعکس' typically means 'conversely' or 'on the contrary', often used to introduce a statement that directly reverses or negates a previous one. 'متعارضاً' describes the *manner* of acting in opposition, suggesting a clash or conflict between two elements, not just a simple reversal. 'متعارضاً' implies a deeper sense of conflict.
من سردم است. برعکس، او گرمش است. (I am cold. Conversely, he is warm - simple reversal). او متعارضاً با قوانین عمل کرد. (He acted contradictorily with the laws - implies a clash with rules).
Both words convey the idea of going against something.
'خلاف' often functions as a preposition ('خلافِ قانون' - contrary to law) or an adverbial phrase, and can imply a violation or going against expectations. 'متعارضاً' is purely an adverb that describes the *manner* of acting in opposition, often suggesting a more inherent or active clash of principles or ideas. While 'متعارضاً با قوانین' and 'خلافِ قوانین' can overlap, 'متعارضاً' emphasizes the *way* the action opposes the laws.
این عمل خلافِ توافق بود. (This action was contrary to the agreement - prepositional). او متعارضاً با توافق عمل کرد. (He acted contradictorily with the agreement - adverb, emphasizing the manner of opposition).
Both are formal adverbs related to contradiction.
'نقیضاً' means 'antithetically' or 'as a logical opposite'. It implies a direct negation or a state of being a perfect opposite in a logical sense. 'متعارضاً' is broader and can encompass opposition in actions, principles, or opinions, not just logical negation. 'نقیضاً' is usually more abstract and formal.
این گزاره نقیضاً با آن گزاره است. (This proposition is antithetically to that proposition - logical opposite). او متعارضاً با وعدههایش عمل کرد. (He acted contradictorily with his promises - opposition in action).
This phrase means 'in conflict with', which is very close in meaning to 'متعارضاً'.
'متعارضاً' is a single adverb, often modifying a verb directly. 'در تضاد با' is a prepositional phrase that functions similarly but requires a slightly different sentence structure, typically involving a noun or pronoun that is 'in conflict with' something else. 'متعارضاً' describes the action's manner, while 'در تضاد با' describes a state of conflict.
اقداماتش متعارضاً با اصول بود. (His actions were contradictorily with the principles). اقداماتش در تضاد با اصول بود. (His actions were in conflict with the principles).
文型パターン
Subject + Verb + متعارضاً + با + Noun Phrase
او متعارضاً با دستورالعملها عمل کرد.
متعارضاً + با + Noun Phrase + , + Subject + Verb
متعارضاً با انتظارات، او موفق شد.
Subject + Verb + Object + به طور متعارض
این اقدام اهداف را به طور متعارض پیش برد.
Noun Phrase + Verb + متعارضاً + با + Noun Phrase
این استراتژی با اصول متعارضاً اجرا شد.
متعارضاً + با + Noun Phrase + , + Subject + Verb + Object
متعارضاً با قوانین بینالمللی، کشور اقدام کرد.
Subject + Verb + Object + که + متعارضاً + با + Noun Phrase
او تصمیمی گرفت که متعارضاً با منافع بود.
متعارضاً + با + Noun Phrase + , + Subject + Verb + Adverbial Phrase
متعارضاً با پارادایمهای علمی، او نظریهای بدیل ارائه داد.
Subject + Verb + Object + به گونهای + متعارضاً + با + Noun Phrase
این تفسیر به گونهای متعارضاً با سنت نقد عمل میکرد.
語族
名詞
動詞
形容詞
関連
使い方
Medium (in formal registers), Low (in general conversation)
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Using 'متعارضاً' in casual conversation.
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Use simpler words like 'برعکس' (conversely) or 'فرق داره' (it's different) in informal settings.
'متعارضاً' is a formal adverb. Its use in informal contexts sounds unnatural and overly academic. For example, instead of saying 'غذای من متعارضاً با غذای تو بود', say 'غذای من با غذای تو فرق داشت'.
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Confusing 'متعارضاً' (adverb) with 'متعارض' (adjective).
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'متعارض' describes nouns, while 'متعارضاً' describes verbs or actions.
For example, 'آنها نظرات متعارض داشتند' (They had contradictory opinions - adjective) is correct. Saying 'آنها نظرات متعارضاً داشتند' would be incorrect. Instead, you'd say 'آنها نظراتشان را متعارضاً بیان کردند' (They expressed their opinions contradictorily - adverb).
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Lack of clear opposing element.
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Ensure the sentence clearly indicates what is being opposed.
A sentence like 'او متعارضاً عمل کرد' is grammatically correct but unclear. It's better to say 'او متعارضاً با قوانین عمل کرد' (He acted contradictorily with the laws) or 'او متعارضاً با انتظار عمل کرد' (He acted contradictorily with expectations).
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Using it when 'different' is sufficient.
→
Use 'متعارضاً' only when there is a clear conflict or direct opposition, not just a difference.
Saying 'رنگها متعارضاً متفاوت بودند' is incorrect. 'متفاوت' (different) is sufficient. 'متعارضاً' should be used for stronger opposition, like 'این طرح متعارضاً با طرح قبلی بود' (This plan was contradictorily with the previous plan).
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Incorrect adverb placement leading to ambiguity.
→
Place 'متعارضاً' strategically to clearly modify the intended verb or phrase.
While placement can be flexible, putting it too far from the action it modifies can confuse the reader. For instance, 'او با قوانین متعارضاً عمل کرد' is clearer than placing 'متعارضاً' much earlier in a complex sentence without clear connection.
ヒント
Focus on the Root
The root 'ع-ر-ض' (ʿ-r-ḍ) is key. Understanding its basic meanings of 'presentation' and 'offering' helps see how 'opposition' (presenting against) emerges. Look for other words from this root like 'تعارض' (conflict) and 'عرض کردن' (to present).
Adverb Placement
'متعارضاً' can often be placed before or after the verb it modifies, or even at the start of a sentence for emphasis. Experiment with placement to see how it affects the sentence's flow and focus.
Formal Contexts Only
Remember this is a formal word. Using it in casual conversation can sound unnatural or overly academic. Reserve it for writing, debates, or formal discussions where precision is valued.
Visual Mnemonic
Picture an 'X' marking a spot where two opposing forces meet. The 'X' can remind you of the opposition inherent in 'متعارضاً'.
Read Formal Texts
Actively seek out news articles, opinion pieces, and academic papers in Persian. Highlight instances of 'متعارضاً' and analyze the context to understand its precise meaning.
Practice the 'Ayn'
The 'ع' (ayn) sound can be tricky for non-native speakers. Practice it carefully, ensuring it's a distinct sound from a simple vowel. Listen to native speakers and try to imitate.
Synonym Nuances
Don't just learn 'متعارضاً'. Learn its synonyms like 'برعکس' and 'خلاف' and understand their subtle differences in formality and meaning to choose the best word.
Sentence Creation
After learning the word, try to create your own sentences using 'متعارضاً' in contexts where you can clearly identify opposing elements. This active recall solidifies understanding.
Avoid Informal Use
The most common mistake is using 'متعارضاً' in informal settings. Be mindful of the register and opt for simpler words when appropriate.
Disagreement in Persian Culture
Understand that while direct opposition exists, formal language like 'متعارضاً' allows for expressing it with a degree of politeness and precision, especially in intellectual or public discourse.
暗記しよう
記憶術
Imagine a person standing on a tightrope ('rope' sounds like 'roz'). They are trying to walk 'متعارضاً' (mota'ārezan) with the wind, which is blowing them sideways. The wind is directly opposing their intended path.
視覚的連想
Picture two arrows pointing directly at each other, forming an 'X' shape. Label one arrow 'Action' and the other 'Rule'. The action is happening 'متعارضاً' with the rule.
Word Web
チャレンジ
Try to describe a situation where you or someone else had to act 'متعارضاً' with a common expectation or a personal habit. Focus on explaining why the action was contradictory and what the opposing element was.
語源
The word 'متعارضاً' is derived from the Arabic root ع-ر-ض (ʿ-r-ḍ), which relates to presenting, offering, or showing. In Persian, the verb 'تعارض کردن' (ta'āroz kardan) means 'to conflict' or 'to contradict'. The prefix 'مت-' (mota-) often indicates reciprocity or involvement, and the '-اً' (-an) suffix transforms it into an adverb.
元の意味： The core idea relates to 'presenting against' or 'showing opposition'.
Semitic (via Arabic into Persian)文化的な背景
While 'متعارضاً' is a formal term, its use can still be sensitive depending on the context. Directly stating that someone's actions are 'متعارضاً' with a deeply held belief or a sensitive issue requires careful consideration of the audience and the setting. It's best used when the opposition is clear and objective, rather than subjective or accusatory, especially in interpersonal communication.
In English-speaking cultures, direct contradiction is often framed using terms like 'contrary to,' 'in opposition to,' or 'conflicting with.' The adverbial form 'contradictorily' exists but is less common in everyday speech than 'متعارضاً' might be in its formal Persian contexts.
実生活で練習する
実際の使用場面
Legal arguments and court proceedings
- متعارضاً با شواهد
- متعارضاً با قانون
- تناقض در اظهارات
Political analysis and news reporting
- متعارضاً با وعدههای انتخاباتی
- متعارضاً با منافع ملی
- تصمیمات متناقض
Academic discussions and research papers
- متعارضاً با نظریههای پیشین
- متعارضاً با یافتههای قبلی
- استدلال متعارض
Business strategy and policy making
- متعارضاً با اهداف شرکت
- متعارضاً با اصول پایداری
- سیاستهای ناسازگار
Literary and philosophical critique
- متعارضاً با زیباییشناسی رایج
- متعارضاً با روح اثر
- تفسیر نقیض
会話のきっかけ
"Can you think of a time when someone's actions were 'متعارضاً' with their words?"
"Describe a situation where a new law was passed 'متعارضاً' with public opinion."
"How would you explain the difference between 'متعارضاً' and simply 'different'?"
"What are some common contexts where you might hear or read 'متعارضاً' in Persian media?"
"If a character in a story acts 'متعارضاً' with their known personality, what does that imply about them?"
日記のテーマ
Write about a personal decision you made that felt 'متعارضاً' with your usual habits or beliefs. Explain the conflict and your reasoning.
Imagine you are a journalist reporting on a political event where a politician's statement was 'متعارضاً' with their previous promises. Write a short news report.
Reflect on a piece of art or music that you found 'متعارضاً' with conventional standards. Describe the work and its contrasting elements.
Consider a societal issue where a proposed solution seems 'متعارضاً' with the problem it aims to solve. Discuss the apparent contradiction and potential outcomes.
Write a fictional dialogue between two characters who have opposing viewpoints, using 'متعارضاً' to describe their clashing arguments.
よくある質問
10 問'متعارضاً' is an adverb derived from the root meaning 'to present against' or 'to oppose'. It literally means 'in a manner of opposition' or 'contradictorily'.
No, 'متعارضاً' is a formal word. You are unlikely to hear it in casual chats. It's primarily found in written texts, news reports, academic discussions, and formal speeches.
'متعارض' is an adjective meaning 'contradictory' or 'conflicting'. It describes nouns. For example, 'قوانین متعارض' (contradictory laws). 'متعارضاً' is an adverb meaning 'contradictorily' and describes how an action is performed. For example, 'او متعارضاً عمل کرد' (He acted contradictorily).
Yes, you can say 'به طور متعارض' (be towr-e mota'ārez), which also means 'contradictorily' or 'in a contradictory manner'. It's a slightly different grammatical construction but conveys a very similar meaning.
'متعارضاً' implies a direct clash, conflict, or contradiction. It's not just a simple difference; it suggests that two things are actively at odds with each other.
The most common preposition used with 'متعارضاً' is 'با' (bā), meaning 'with'. For example, 'متعارضاً با قوانین' (contradictorily with the laws).
While less common, it could be used metaphorically to describe a state where one emotion is acting contradictorily with another, though simpler phrasing might be preferred. For example, 'احساسات او متعارضاً با منطقش بود' (His emotions were contradictorily with his logic).
It can be similar in effect, but 'paradoxically' often implies a statement that seems self-contradictory or absurd but may be true. 'متعارضاً' focuses more on the direct act or manner of opposition or conflict.
Opposite adverbs would include 'همسو' (hamsu - aligned), 'مطابقاً' (motābeqan - accordingly), or 'موافقاً' (movāfeqan - agreeingly), indicating acting in agreement or harmony.
Try to find formal Persian texts (news, academic articles) and identify sentences using 'متعارضاً'. Then, try to rephrase them using synonyms or construct your own sentences describing clear instances of opposition.
自分をテスト 10 問
/ 10 correct
Perfect score!
Summary
The adverb 'متعارضاً' signifies that an action or statement is performed in a manner that directly opposes or contradicts a prior idea, rule, or established fact, adding a formal tone of disagreement.
- Means acting or speaking in a contradictory or opposing manner.
- Used in formal contexts to highlight clashes with previous statements or norms.
- Implies direct opposition rather than simple difference.
- Common in news, legal, and academic Persian.
Focus on the Root
The root 'ع-ر-ض' (ʿ-r-ḍ) is key. Understanding its basic meanings of 'presentation' and 'offering' helps see how 'opposition' (presenting against) emerges. Look for other words from this root like 'تعارض' (conflict) and 'عرض کردن' (to present).
Adverb Placement
'متعارضاً' can often be placed before or after the verb it modifies, or even at the start of a sentence for emphasis. Experiment with placement to see how it affects the sentence's flow and focus.
Formal Contexts Only
Remember this is a formal word. Using it in casual conversation can sound unnatural or overly academic. Reserve it for writing, debates, or formal discussions where precision is valued.
Visual Mnemonic
Picture an 'X' marking a spot where two opposing forces meet. The 'X' can remind you of the opposition inherent in 'متعارضاً'.
関連コンテンツ
academicの関連語
اعمال کردن
B2To apply, to implement; to put into operation or effect.
عامل شدن
B2何かの要因や原因になること。
اعتبار علمی
B2大学や研究者の学術的な信頼性や名声のこと。
اعتبار بخشیدن
B2何かを検証する、または公式に承認すること。
اعتبار سنجی کردن
B2妥当性を確認または検証すること。
اعتباربخشی
B2認定とは、個人または機関が特定の基準を満たしていることの公式な認識です。
اعتمادپذیر
B2信頼できる; 頼りになる。
اعتراف کردن
B2告白する、認める。犯罪を犯したり、何か間違ったことをしたりしたことを認めること。 (彼は嘘をついたことを認めなければならない。彼はその犯罪を告白した。)
عضو هیئت علمی
B2A faculty member; a professional academic engaged in teaching and research at a university.
عقلانی
B2合理的；理性や論理に基づいた。
