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B2 noun 9分で読める

نظرسنجی

nazarsanji
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解説 نظرسنجی in your Level:
In A1, learners are just beginning to grasp basic vocabulary. They might understand "نظرسنجی" as a general concept of asking people things, perhaps linked to simple questions like "Do you like this?" They would likely associate it with very basic interactions, like a teacher asking the class their favorite color. The focus is on recognizing the word and its most fundamental meaning of 'asking opinions'. They might see a picture of people being asked questions and connect it to the word.
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At A2, learners can handle simple, routine tasks and can understand phrases and common vocabulary related to immediate needs. They might start associating "نظرسنجی" with slightly more structured situations, like a simple form or a short questionnaire about preferences. They could understand sentences like "Did you do the survey?" in a very basic context, perhaps related to a school activity. The concept of 'gathering opinions' begins to solidify, but complex analysis or purpose would be beyond their grasp. They might see a simple online poll and understand it as a basic form of نظرسنجی.
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B1 learners can understand the main points of clear standard input on familiar matters. They can use "نظرسنجی" in contexts related to common topics like consumer feedback or simple political polls. They understand that it involves asking questions to a group to get information. They can construct sentences like "The company did a survey about their new product." They might understand news reports that mention survey results for popular items or general opinions. The idea of a 'sample' might be vaguely understood, but the statistical implications are not yet central.
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B2 learners can understand the main ideas of complex text on both concrete and abstract topics. They can engage in discussions about the purpose and methodology of surveys. They understand that نظرسنجی is used for decision-making, research, and understanding public sentiment. They can differentiate between various types of surveys and understand concepts like sampling, bias, and data analysis. They can readily use the word in sentences discussing market research, political polls, or social studies. They understand its role in informing policy and business strategy.
C1 learners can understand a wide range of demanding, longer texts, and recognize implicit meaning. They can discuss the nuances of survey design, statistical validity, and the ethical implications of نظرسنجی. They can critically evaluate survey methodologies reported in the media or academic journals and understand the limitations and potential biases of different approaches. They can use the term in sophisticated discussions about social science, public policy, and marketing effectiveness.
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C2 learners can understand with ease virtually everything heard or read. They have a deep and nuanced understanding of "نظرسنجی", including its historical development, its role in shaping public discourse, and its limitations as a tool for understanding complex human behavior. They can discuss advanced statistical techniques used in survey analysis, interpret complex survey data, and articulate the philosophical underpinnings of opinion polling. They can use the word with native-like fluency and precision in any context.
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نظرسنجی 30秒で

  • Nazar-sanji means survey or opinion poll.
  • It's about collecting opinions from a group.
  • Used in news, research, and business.
  • Helps understand public views and make decisions.
Understanding "نظرسنجی" (Nazar-sanji)

The Persian word "نظرسنجی" (pronounced na-zar-SAN-ji) is a noun that translates directly to 'survey' or 'opinion poll' in English. It refers to the process of collecting opinions, feedback, or data from a group of people, typically a sample of a larger population, to understand their views on a particular topic. This process is crucial for decision-making in various fields, from politics and marketing to social research and product development.

Think of it as asking a lot of people the same questions to get a general idea of what they think. For example, a government might conduct a نظرسنجی to gauge public opinion on a new policy. A company might use a نظرسنجی to understand customer satisfaction with their products. Researchers use نظرسنجی to gather data for academic studies.

Etymology
The word is a compound of "نظر" (nazar), meaning 'opinion' or 'view', and "سنجی" (sanji), derived from the verb "سنجیدن" (sanjidan), meaning 'to measure', 'to weigh', or 'to assess'. So, literally, it means 'opinion measuring' or 'opinion assessment'.
Key Components
A نظرسنجی typically involves designing a set of questions (often called a questionnaire), selecting a representative sample of the target population, administering the questions (through surveys, interviews, online forms, etc.), and then analyzing the collected data to draw conclusions.

The government conducted a nationwide نظرسنجی before making the decision.

It's a very common term in news reports, academic discussions, and business contexts where understanding public sentiment is important. The scale of a نظرسنجی can vary widely, from a small group of people in a classroom to millions of citizens across a country.

Usage Scenarios
You'll encounter نظرسنجی in discussions about:
  • Election outcomes and candidate popularity
  • Consumer preferences for products and services
  • Public reaction to government policies or social issues
  • Employee satisfaction within organizations
  • Audience feedback for media content

In essence, نظرسنجی is about quantifying and understanding collective opinions, making it a vital tool for informed decisions and societal understanding.

Constructing Sentences with "نظرسنجی" (Nazar-sanji)

Using "نظرسنجی" correctly in a sentence involves understanding its role as a noun and its typical grammatical contexts. It can be the subject of a sentence, the object, or part of a prepositional phrase. The key is to place it where it logically refers to the act or result of conducting a survey.

As the Subject of a Sentence

When نظرسنجی is the subject, it performs an action or is described. Often, the verb will relate to its completion, accuracy, or impact.

The recent نظرسنجی showed a significant shift in public opinion.

Translation: The recent survey showed a significant shift in public opinion.

Our company plans to conduct a نظرسنجی to improve our services.

Translation: Our company plans to conduct a survey to improve our services.

As the Object of a Verb

When نظرسنجی is the object, it is acted upon by a verb, such as 'to conduct', 'to analyze', 'to publish', or 'to trust'.

The research team will analyze the results of the نظرسنجی.

Translation: The research team will analyze the results of the survey.

Many media outlets reported on the نظرسنجی of voting intentions.

Translation: Many media outlets reported on the survey of voting intentions.

In Prepositional Phrases

نظرسنجی can appear after prepositions like 'از' (az - from), 'درباره' (darbareh - about), 'در' (dar - in), or 'برای' (baraye - for).

We received feedback from a نظرسنجی of our customers.

Translation: We received feedback from a survey of our customers.

The politician discussed the issues based on the نظرسنجی conducted last week.

Translation: The politician discussed the issues based on the survey conducted last week.

Common Adjectives and Modifiers

Adjectives often describe the nature or scope of the survey.

Examples
  • گسترده (gostardeh - extensive): یک نظرسنجی گسترده (An extensive survey)
  • ملی (melli - national): نظرسنجی ملی (National survey)
  • جدید (jadid - new): نظرسنجی جدید (New survey)
  • دقیق (daghigh - accurate): نظرسنجی دقیق (Accurate survey)

Sentence Structure Variations

Persian sentence structure can be flexible. You might see phrases modifying نظرسنجی placed before or after it, depending on emphasis.

نتایج نظرسنجی نشان داد که...

Translation: The results of the survey showed that...

در مورد این موضوع، یک نظرسنجی انجام شد.

Translation: Regarding this issue, a survey was conducted.

By practicing these sentence structures, you'll become more comfortable incorporating "نظرسنجی" into your Persian vocabulary.

Real-World Usage of "نظرسنجی" (Nazar-sanji)

The term "نظرسنجی" (Nazar-sanji) is ubiquitous in Persian-speaking societies, appearing in a wide array of contexts. Understanding where and how it's used will significantly enhance your comprehension and ability to use it naturally.

News and Media

This is perhaps the most common place to encounter نظرسنجی. News reports frequently discuss the results of polls related to:

  • Political Elections: "آخرین نظرسنجی انتخاباتی نشان می‌دهد که نامزد X پیشتاز است." (The latest election survey shows candidate X is leading.)
  • Public Opinion on Policies: "نظرسنجی جدیدی درباره تأثیر افزایش قیمت‌ها منتشر شد." (A new survey about the impact of price increases was published.)
  • Social Trends: "نتایج یک نظرسنجی حاکی از افزایش نگرانی‌های زیست‌محیطی است." (The results of a survey indicate increasing environmental concerns.)

You'll hear anchors, reporters, and analysts referring to نظرسنجی constantly during election periods or when major societal issues are being discussed.

Academic and Research Settings

Researchers in sociology, psychology, political science, marketing, and other fields rely heavily on نظرسنجی as a primary data collection method. Academic papers, theses, and dissertations will often detail the methodology and findings of a conducted نظرسنجی.

پایان‌نامه من شامل یک نظرسنجی از دانشجویان بود.

Translation: My thesis included a survey of students.

Business and Marketing

Companies use نظرسنجی extensively to understand their customers, test new products, and gauge market trends. You might hear:

  • "ما قصد داریم یک نظرسنجی رضایت مشتری برگزار کنیم." (We intend to hold a customer satisfaction survey.)
  • "این نظرسنجی به ما در بهبود کیفیت محصول کمک کرد." (This survey helped us improve product quality.)

Everyday Conversations

In informal settings, people might discuss the results of surveys they've seen or participated in. For example:

"شنیدی نتایج اون نظرسنجی رو؟"

Translation: "Did you hear the results of that survey?"

Government and Public Services

Government agencies and public service providers often conduct نظرسنجی to assess citizen needs, satisfaction with services, and public perception of their work. This helps them tailor their strategies and allocate resources effectively.

In summary, نظرسنجی is a fundamental term in modern Persian communication, appearing wherever data from people's opinions is collected and discussed.

Avoiding Pitfalls with "نظرسنجی" (Nazar-sanji)

While "نظرسنجی" (Nazar-sanji) is a straightforward noun, learners might make a few common mistakes in its usage or understanding. Being aware of these can help you use the word more accurately.

1. Confusing "نظرسنجی" with "نظر" (Nazar) or "سوال" (So'al)

Mistake: Using "نظر" (opinion) or "سوال" (question) when you mean the entire process of surveying.

Explanation: "نظر" is a single opinion, while "سوال" is a single question. "نظرسنجی" is the *process* of collecting many opinions through questions. It's the overall activity or the result of that activity.

Incorrect: من یک نظر برای شرکت انجام دادم.

Translation: I did an opinion for the company. (Incorrect)

Correct: ما یک نظرسنجی از مشتریان انجام دادیم.

Translation: We conducted a survey of customers. (Correct)

2. Overgeneralizing "نظرسنجی" to Any Opinion Gathering

Mistake: Using "نظرسنجی" for casual conversations where opinions are exchanged without a structured methodology.

Explanation: While informal polls exist, "نظرسنجی" typically implies a more systematic and often quantitative approach to gathering data from a sample. Asking your friends what they think of a movie is not usually called a نظرسنجی; it's just asking for opinions.

Incorrect: من در مورد این کتاب یک نظرسنجی با دوستم انجام دادم.

Translation: I did a survey about this book with my friend. (Incorrect in most contexts)

Correct: من نظرم را در مورد این کتاب با دوستم در میان گذاشتم.

Translation: I shared my opinion about this book with my friend. (Correct)

3. Grammatical Errors with Verbs

Mistake: Using inappropriate verbs or incorrect verb conjugations with "نظرسنجی".

Explanation: Common verbs associated with نظرسنجی are 'برگزار کردن' (to hold/conduct), 'انجام دادن' (to do/perform), 'تحلیل کردن' (to analyze), and 'منتشر کردن' (to publish). Ensure the verb agrees with the subject and accurately reflects the action being performed on or by the survey.

Incorrect: ما نظرسنجی را گفتیم.

Translation: We said the survey. (Incorrect verb)

Correct: ما نظرسنجی را برگزار کردیم.

Translation: We conducted the survey. (Correct verb)

4. Misinterpreting the Scope

Mistake: Assuming "نظرسنجی" refers only to large, official polls.

Explanation: While national polls are common, نظرسنجی can also refer to smaller, internal surveys conducted by businesses, schools, or organizations. The key is the systematic collection of opinions from a defined group.

By being mindful of these common errors, you can ensure your use of "نظرسنجی" is precise and natural.

Exploring Alternatives to "نظرسنجی" (Nazar-sanji)

While "نظرسنجی" (Nazar-sanji) is the most common and direct translation for 'survey' or 'opinion poll', there are related terms and contexts where alternatives might be used or where nuances exist. Understanding these helps in appreciating the full spectrum of expressing opinion gathering.

1. "نظر" (Nazar) - Opinion

Comparison
"نظر" is a singular 'opinion' or 'view'. It is the component part of نظرسنجی. You give your 'نظر', but a نظرسنجی is the process of collecting many 'نظرها' (opinions).
Usage
Example: "نظر شما چیست؟" (What is your opinion?). This is a question asking for a single opinion, not a survey.

2. "پرسشنامه" (Porseshnameh) - Questionnaire

Comparison
"پرسشنامه" refers to the actual document or set of questions used in a survey. It is the tool for conducting a نظرسنجی.
Usage
Example: "لطفاً این پرسشنامه را پر کنید." (Please fill out this questionnaire.) This is part of a نظرسنجی.

3. "آمار" (Amār) - Statistics / Data

Comparison
"آمار" refers to the numerical data or statistics derived from a survey or other data collection methods. The results of a نظرسنجی are often presented as 'آمار'.
Usage
Example: "بر اساس آمار این نظرسنجی..." (Based on the statistics from this survey...).

4. "تحقیق" (Tahqiq) - Research

Comparison
"تحقیق" is a broader term meaning 'research'. A نظرسنجی is a *method* of conducting research, but research can involve many other methods too (experiments, observations, literature reviews, etc.).
Usage
Example: "این تحقیق از طریق نظرسنجی انجام شد." (This research was conducted through a survey.)

5. "افکار عمومی" (Afgār-e Omumi) - Public Opinion

Comparison
"افکار عمومی" refers to the collective attitude or beliefs of a population. A نظرسنجی is conducted to measure or understand "افکار عمومی".
Usage
Example: "نتایج نظرسنجی نشان‌دهنده تغییر در افکار عمومی است." (The survey results indicate a change in public opinion.)

While other terms exist, "نظرسنجی" remains the most direct and widely understood word for the act and result of conducting a survey or opinion poll.

How Formal Is It?

豆知識

The verb 'سنجیدن' itself has ancient roots and is related to concepts of weighing and testing. The suffix '-ی' (-i) in 'سنجی' often denotes an action or process, similar to '-ing' in English, turning the verb stem into a noun representing the activity itself. This linguistic construction is common in Persian for creating terms for processes and actions.

発音ガイド

UK /nɒzærˈsændʒi/
US /nɑzɑrˈsændʒi/
The primary stress falls on the second syllable of 'نظرسنجی', which is 'SAN' in 'sanji' (na-zar-SAN-ji).
韻が合う語
sanj-i rangi tangi jangi kangi pangi zangi changi
よくある間違い
  • Pronouncing the 'j' in 'sanji' as a hard 'j' like in 'jump'. It should be a soft 'zh' sound.
  • Incorrect stress placement, such as stressing the first or last syllable instead of 'SAN'.
  • Mispronouncing the vowels, especially the 'a' sounds, which should be open 'ah' sounds.
  • Omitting the slight roll of the 'r' in 'nazar'.

難易度

読解 3/5

At B2 level, learners can understand the main ideas of complex texts. 'نظرسنجی' appears frequently in news articles, reports, and academic texts, making it accessible for comprehension. Understanding the nuances of survey methodology might require additional context or vocabulary.

ライティング 3/5

Learners at B2 can use 'نظرسنجی' correctly in writing, especially in formal or semi-formal contexts like essays or reports. Constructing grammatically correct and contextually appropriate sentences is achievable with practice.

スピーキング 3/5

Speaking with 'نظرسنجی' requires understanding its common collocations and contexts. Learners can discuss survey results or the purpose of surveys. Fluency might depend on exposure and practice with related vocabulary.

リスニング 3/5

Recognizing 'نظرسنجی' in spoken Persian, particularly in news broadcasts, documentaries, or formal discussions, is generally manageable for B2 learners due to its frequency and clear pronunciation.

次に学ぶべきこと

前提知識

نظر (opinion) سنجیدن (to measure) پرسیدن (to ask) مردم (people) جامعه (society)

次に学ぶ

پرسشنامه (questionnaire) آمار (statistics) تحلیل (analysis) نمونه‌گیری (sampling) اعتبار (validity/credibility)

上級

روش‌شناسی تحقیق (research methodology) سوگیری (bias) پایایی (reliability) روایی (validity) تحلیل رگرسیون (regression analysis)

知っておくべき文法

Using the passive voice with verbs like 'انجام شد' (was done) or 'منتشر شد' (was published) when referring to surveys.

نظرسنجی در مورد وضعیت اقتصادی انجام شد. (The survey about the economic situation was conducted.)

Using the 'ezafe' construction to link 'نظرسنجی' with its results or topic (e.g., نتایج نظرسنجی - results of the survey).

موضوع نظرسنجی، تغییرات آب و هوایی است. (The topic of the survey is climate change.)

The use of plural markers ('-ها') when referring to multiple surveys.

آنها نظرسنجی‌های مختلفی را در طول سال برگزار کردند. (They conducted various surveys throughout the year.)

Employing postpositions like 'درباره' (about) or 'در مورد' (regarding) to specify the subject of the survey.

این نظرسنجی درباره رضایت شغلی است. (This survey is about job satisfaction.)

Using verbs of action like 'برگزار کردن' (to hold/conduct) or 'انجام دادن' (to do/perform) with 'نظرسنجی'.

ما یک نظرسنجی مهم را برگزار خواهیم کرد. (We will hold an important survey.)

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レベル別の例文

1

این یک نظرسنجی است.

This is a survey.

Simple declarative sentence. 'است' (ast) means 'is'.

2

من نظرسنجی را دوست دارم.

I like the survey.

'را' (rā) is a direct object marker.

3

آیا نظرسنجی آسان است؟

Is the survey easy?

'آیا' (āyā) indicates a yes/no question.

4

او نظرسنجی را دید.

He/She saw the survey.

'دید' (did) is the past tense of 'to see'.

5

ما نظرسنجی را انجام می‌دهیم.

We are doing the survey.

'انجام می‌دهیم' (anjām midahim) is the present tense of 'to do'.

6

این نظرسنجی مهم است.

This survey is important.

'مهم' (mohem) means 'important'.

7

لطفاً نظرسنجی را کامل کنید.

Please complete the survey.

'لطفاً' (lotfan) means 'please'. 'کامل کنید' (kāmel konid) means 'complete'.

8

آن یک نظرسنجی بزرگ بود.

That was a big survey.

'بزرگ' (bozorg) means 'big'.

1

شرکت یک نظرسنجی برای محصولات جدیدش انجام داد.

The company conducted a survey for its new products.

'برای' (barāye) means 'for'. 'محصولات' (mahsulāt) means 'products'.

2

من در نظرسنجی آنلاین شرکت کردم.

I participated in the online survey.

'آنلاین' (ānlāyn) means 'online'. 'شرکت کردم' (sherkat kardam) means 'I participated'.

3

نتایج نظرسنجی فردا اعلام می‌شود.

The survey results will be announced tomorrow.

'نتایج' (natāyej) means 'results'. 'اعلام می‌شود' (e'lām mishavad) means 'will be announced'.

4

آیا شما نظرسنجی را پر کردید؟

Did you fill out the survey?

'پر کردید' (por kardid) is the past tense of 'to fill out'.

5

این نظرسنجی درباره سفر است.

This survey is about travel.

'درباره' (darbāre) means 'about'.

6

آنها نظرسنجی را به اشتراک گذاشتند.

They shared the survey.

'به اشتراک گذاشتند' (beh eshterāk gozāshtand) means 'they shared'.

7

هر کسی می‌تواند در این نظرسنجی شرکت کند.

Anyone can participate in this survey.

'هر کسی' (har kasi) means 'anyone'. 'می‌تواند' (mitavānad) means 'can'.

8

ما به نظرات شما در این نظرسنجی نیاز داریم.

We need your opinions in this survey.

'نظرات' (nazarāt) is the plural of 'نظر'.

1

این نظرسنجی برای ارزیابی رضایت مشتریان طراحی شده است.

This survey is designed to evaluate customer satisfaction.

'ارزیابی' (arzyābi) means 'evaluation'. 'رضایت' (rezāyat) means 'satisfaction'. 'طراحی شده است' (tarrāhi shode ast) means 'is designed'.

2

نتایج نظرسنجی نشان می‌دهد که بیشتر مردم از خدمات راضی هستند.

The survey results show that most people are satisfied with the services.

'نشان می‌دهد' (neshān midahad) means 'shows'. 'بیشتر مردم' (bishtar mardom) means 'most people'.

3

شرکت ما به طور منظم نظرسنجی برگزار می‌کند.

Our company regularly conducts surveys.

'به طور منظم' (beh towr-e monazzam) means 'regularly'. 'برگزار می‌کند' (bargozār mikonad) means 'conducts'.

4

آیا شما در نظرسنجی انتخاباتی اخیر شرکت کرده‌اید؟

Did you participate in the recent election survey?

'انتخاباتی' (entekhābāti) means 'election'. 'اخیر' (akhīr) means 'recent'.

5

اطلاعات جمع‌آوری شده از این نظرسنجی بسیار مفید بود.

The information gathered from this survey was very useful.

'اطلاعات' (ettelā'āt) means 'information'. 'جمع‌آوری شده' (jam'āvari shode) means 'gathered'.

6

آنها پرسشنامه را برای تکمیل نظرسنجی توزیع کردند.

They distributed the questionnaire to complete the survey.

'توزیع کردند' (tavzi' kardand) means 'distributed'.

7

هدف این نظرسنجی درک بهتر نیازهای جامعه است.

The goal of this survey is to better understand the needs of society.

'هدف' (hadaf) means 'goal'. 'نیازها' (niyāzhā) means 'needs'.

8

بسیاری از سازمان‌ها برای تصمیم‌گیری از نظرسنجی استفاده می‌کنند.

Many organizations use surveys for decision-making.

'سازمان‌ها' (sāzmānhā) means 'organizations'. 'تصمیم‌گیری' (tasmim-giri) means 'decision-making'.

1

این نظرسنجی با هدف سنجش اثربخشی کمپین تبلیغاتی جدید انجام شد.

This survey was conducted with the aim of measuring the effectiveness of the new advertising campaign.

'اثربخشی' (asar-bakhshi) means 'effectiveness'. 'کمپین تبلیغاتی' (kampen-e tablighāti) means 'advertising campaign'.

2

نتایج این نظرسنجی به ما کمک کرد تا شکاف‌های موجود در بازار را شناسایی کنیم.

The results of this survey helped us identify existing gaps in the market.

'شکاف‌ها' (shakāfhā) means 'gaps'. 'شناسایی کنیم' (shenāsa'i konim) means 'to identify'.

3

روش‌شناسی این نظرسنجی شامل نمونه‌گیری تصادفی طبقه‌بندی شده بود.

The methodology of this survey included stratified random sampling.

'روش‌شناسی' (ravesh-shenāsi) means 'methodology'. 'نمونه‌گیری تصادفی طبقه‌بندی شده' (nemune-giri-ye tasādofi-ye tabqebandi shode) means 'stratified random sampling'.

4

تحلیل عمیق داده‌های نظرسنجی، روندهای پنهان مصرف‌کننده را آشکار ساخت.

A deep analysis of the survey data revealed hidden consumer trends.

'تحلیل عمیق' (tahlil-e amiq) means 'deep analysis'. 'روندها' (ravandhā) means 'trends'.

5

قبل از اجرای نظرسنجی، باید اهداف و جامعه آماری را به دقت مشخص کرد.

Before conducting the survey, the objectives and target population must be clearly defined.

'اجرای' (ejrāye) means 'execution/conducting'. 'جامعه آماری' (jāme'e-ye āmäri) means 'statistical population/target audience'.

6

نتایج این نظرسنجی می‌تواند مبنای خوبی برای تصمیم‌گیری‌های آتی باشد.

The results of this survey can be a good basis for future decisions.

'مبنای' (mabnā-ye) means 'basis'. 'آتی' (āti) means 'future'.

7

نظرسنجی‌های آنلاین امکان جمع‌آوری سریع و گسترده اطلاعات را فراهم می‌کنند.

Online surveys provide the possibility of rapid and extensive data collection.

'امکان' (emkān) means 'possibility'. 'فراهم می‌کنند' (farāham mikonand) means 'provide'.

8

درک سوگیری‌های احتمالی در یک نظرسنجی برای تفسیر صحیح نتایج حیاتی است.

Understanding potential biases in a survey is crucial for correct interpretation of results.

'سوگیری‌های احتمالی' (sov-giri-hā-ye ehtemāli) means 'potential biases'. 'حیاتی است' (hayāti ast) means 'is crucial'.

1

پیچیدگی‌های طراحی یک نظرسنجی معتبر نیازمند دانش آماری قابل توجهی است.

The complexities of designing a valid survey require significant statistical knowledge.

'پیچیدگی‌ها' (pichidegi-hā) means 'complexities'. 'معتبر' (mo'tabar) means 'valid/reliable'.

2

این مطالعه از ترکیبی از نظرسنجی‌های کمی و کیفی برای دستیابی به درک جامع استفاده کرد.

This study used a combination of quantitative and qualitative surveys to achieve a comprehensive understanding.

'کمی' (kammi) means 'quantitative'. 'کیفی' (keyfi) means 'qualitative'. 'جامع' (jāme') means 'comprehensive'.

3

تحلیل رگرسیون بر روی داده‌های نظرسنجی، روابط علی و معلولی را بین متغیرها بررسی می‌کند.

Regression analysis on survey data examines the causal relationships between variables.

'رگرسیون' (regression) is a statistical term. 'علی و معلولی' (eli-o ma'luli) means 'causal'.

4

تفسیر نتایج نظرسنجی باید با احتیاط صورت گیرد تا از تعمیم‌های نادرست جلوگیری شود.

Interpretation of survey results must be done with caution to prevent incorrect generalizations.

'احتیاط' (ehtiyāt) means 'caution'. 'تعمیم‌های نادرست' (ta'mim-hā-ye nādorost) means 'incorrect generalizations'.

5

فراهم آوردن زمینه کافی در مقدمه نظرسنجی، پاسخ‌دهندگان را برای درک بهتر سوالات یاری می‌رساند.

Providing sufficient context in the survey introduction helps respondents better understand the questions.

'فراهم آوردن' (farāham āvardan) means 'to provide'. 'پاسخ‌دهندگان' (pāsokh-dahandegān) means 'respondents'.

6

شکاف‌های معرفتی در جامعه اغلب از طریق نظرسنجی‌های هدفمند مورد بررسی قرار می‌گیرند.

Knowledge gaps in society are often investigated through targeted surveys.

'شکاف‌های معرفتی' (shakāf-hā-ye ma'refati) means 'knowledge gaps'. 'هدفمند' (hadafmand) means 'targeted'.

7

ارزیابی اعتبار سنجی نظرسنجی شامل بررسی پایایی و روایی ابزارهای اندازه‌گیری است.

Assessing the validity of a survey involves examining the reliability and validity of the measurement instruments.

'اعتبار سنجی' (ete'bār-sanjī) means 'validation'. 'پایایی' (pāyāyi) means 'reliability'. 'روایی' (ravāyi) means 'validity'.

8

تغییرات مداوم در رفتار مصرف‌کننده، نیاز به برگزاری منظم نظرسنجی‌های بازخوردی را ایجاب می‌کند.

Continuous changes in consumer behavior necessitate the regular conduct of feedback surveys.

'مداوم' (modāvem) means 'continuous'. 'بازخوردی' (bāzkhordi) means 'feedback'.

1

تحلیل چندمرحله‌ای داده‌های حاصل از نظرسنجی‌های مقایسه‌ای، امکان سنجش تأثیرات فرهنگی بر نگرش‌ها را فراهم می‌آورد.

Multi-stage analysis of data from comparative surveys allows for the assessment of cultural influences on attitudes.

'چندمرحله‌ای' (chand-marhale-i) means 'multi-stage'. 'مقایسه‌ای' (moqāyese-i) means 'comparative'.

2

درک پارادایم‌های مختلف در سنجش افکار عمومی، از جمله رویکردهای پدیدارشناختی، برای تفسیر عمیق نتایج نظرسنجی ضروری است.

Understanding different paradigms in measuring public opinion, including phenomenological approaches, is essential for a deep interpretation of survey results.

'پارادایم‌ها' (pārādāym-hā) means 'paradigms'. 'پدیدارشناختی' (padidār-shenākhti) means 'phenomenological'.

3

به‌کارگیری مدل‌های پیشرفته اقتصادسنجی در تحلیل داده‌های نظرسنجی، قادر به کشف روابط علی پیچیده و پیش‌بینی روندهای آتی است.

The application of advanced econometric models in survey data analysis is capable of uncovering complex causal relationships and predicting future trends.

'اقتصادسنجی' (eqtesād-sanji) means 'econometrics'. 'پیش‌بینی' (pishbīni) means 'prediction'.

4

چالش‌های اخلاقی مرتبط با نظرسنجی، از جمله حفظ حریم خصوصی و رضایت آگاهانه، مستلزم چارچوب‌های نظارتی دقیقی هستند.

Ethical challenges associated with surveys, including privacy protection and informed consent, require precise regulatory frameworks.

'حریم خصوصی' (harīm-e khosusi) means 'privacy'. 'رضایت آگاهانه' (rezāyat-e āgāhāne) means 'informed consent'.

5

تکامل تکنیک‌های نمونه‌گیری، از نمونه‌گیری تصادفی ساده تا نمونه‌گیری خوشه‌ای و طبقه‌بندی شده، دقت و اعتبار نظرسنجی‌ها را به طور چشمگیری افزایش داده است.

The evolution of sampling techniques, from simple random sampling to cluster and stratified sampling, has significantly increased the accuracy and validity of surveys.

'خوشه‌ای' (khushei) means 'cluster'. 'چشمگیری' (cheshmgīri) means 'significant'.

6

تحلیل مضمون و تحلیل محتوای کیفی، مکمل‌های ارزشمندی برای داده‌های عددی حاصل از نظرسنجی‌های کمی محسوب می‌شوند.

Thematic analysis and qualitative content analysis are considered valuable complements to the numerical data derived from quantitative surveys.

'مضمون' (mazmun) means 'theme'. 'محتوای کیفی' (mohtavā-ye keyfi) means 'qualitative content'.

7

تأثیرات روش‌های جمع‌آوری داده، مانند پیمایش‌های حضوری در مقابل نظرسنجی‌های تلفنی، بر پاسخ‌دهی و کیفیت داده‌ها، موضوع تحقیقات متعددی بوده است.

The effects of data collection methods, such as face-to-face surveys versus telephone surveys, on response rates and data quality, have been the subject of numerous studies.

'پیمایش‌های حضوری' (peymāyesh-hā-ye hozuri) means 'face-to-face surveys'. 'پاسخ‌دهی' (pāsokh-dehi) means 'response rate'.

8

درک عمیق از سوگیری‌های مشاهده‌گر و سوگیری‌های پاسخ‌دهنده، برای تفسیر بی‌طرفانه یافته‌های هرگونه نظرسنجی ضروری است.

A deep understanding of observer bias and respondent bias is essential for an unbiased interpretation of the findings of any survey.

'سوگیری مشاهده‌گر' (sov-giri-ye moshāhed-gar) means 'observer bias'. 'بی‌طرفانه' (bi-tarfāne) means 'unbiased'.

よく使う組み合わせ

نظرسنجی برگزار کردن
نتایج نظرسنجی
نظرسنجی عمومی
نظرسنجی آنلاین
نظرسنجی رضایت مشتری
انجام نظرسنجی
طراحی نظرسنجی
تحلیل نظرسنجی
نظرسنجی انتخاباتی
داده‌های نظرسنجی

よく使うフレーズ

انجام نظرسنجی

— To conduct a survey.

ما قصد داریم یک نظرسنجی در مورد عادت‌های خرید مردم انجام دهیم.

نتایج نظرسنجی

— The results of the survey.

نتایج نظرسنجی نشان می‌دهد که اکثر مردم با این پیشنهاد موافق هستند.

نظرسنجی آنلاین

— Online survey.

شما می‌توانید در نظرسنجی آنلاین ما شرکت کنید و نظرات خود را بیان کنید.

رضایت از نظرسنجی

— Satisfaction with the survey.

هدف ما این است که رضایت از نظرسنجی برای همه شرکت‌کنندگان بالا باشد.

برگزاری نظرسنجی

— Holding/Conducting a survey.

دانشگاه برای ارزیابی کیفیت تدریس، اقدام به برگزاری نظرسنجی کرده است.

نظرسنجی تلفنی

— Telephone survey.

یک نظرسنجی تلفنی برای سنجش واکنش مردم به اخبار اخیر انجام شد.

نظرسنجی میدانی

— Field survey.

تیم ما برای جمع‌آوری داده‌ها، یک نظرسنجی میدانی در مناطق مختلف برگزار کرد.

موضوع نظرسنجی

— The topic of the survey.

موضوع نظرسنجی امسال، تغییرات آب و هوایی است.

شرکت در نظرسنجی

— Participating in a survey.

تشویق مردم به شرکت در نظرسنجی برای ما بسیار مهم است.

طراحی نظرسنجی

— Designing a survey.

طراحی نظرسنجی باید به گونه‌ای باشد که سوالات واضح و قابل فهم باشند.

よく混同される語

نظرسنجی vs نظر (Nazar)

While 'نظر' means 'opinion', 'نظرسنجی' is the entire process of collecting opinions. 'نظر' is a single viewpoint, whereas 'نظرسنجی' involves many viewpoints.

نظرسنجی vs پیمایش (Peymayesh)

'پیمایش' is a very close synonym, often used interchangeably, especially in academic contexts. 'نظرسنجی' might be slightly more common in general media for opinion polls, while 'پیمایش' can refer to broader surveys of phenomena.

نظرسنجی vs پرسشنامه (Porseshnameh)

'پرسشنامه' is the questionnaire itself (the list of questions), which is a tool used *within* a 'نظرسنجی'.

慣用句と表現

"از دل نظرسنجی بیرون آمدن"

— To emerge from the results of a survey; to be indicated or revealed by survey data.

این روند جدید در بازار از دل نظرسنجی‌های اخیر ما بیرون آمد. (This new trend in the market emerged from the results of our recent surveys.)

"نظرسنجی را نادیده گرفتن"

— To ignore the results of a survey; to disregard the opinions gathered.

دولت تصمیم گرفت نتایج نظرسنجی را نادیده بگیرد و به برنامه خود ادامه دهد. (The government decided to ignore the survey results and proceed with its plan.)

"یک نظرسنجی کوچک انجام دادن"

— To conduct a small, informal poll or gauge opinions among a limited group (often used humorously or to emphasize a lack of rigorous methodology).

من یک نظرسنجی کوچک در بین همکارانم انجام دادم و همه موافق بودند. (I did a small survey among my colleagues, and everyone agreed.)

"نظرسنجی واقع‌بینانه"

— A realistic survey; a survey that accurately reflects current opinions or situations.

این نظرسنجی واقع‌بینانه نشان می‌دهد که مردم چه انتظاراتی دارند. (This realistic survey shows what people expect.)

"نظرسنجی جهت‌دار"

— A biased or leading survey; a survey designed to elicit a specific response.

آن نظرسنجی جهت‌دار بود و سوالات آن به گونه‌ای طراحی شده بود که پاسخ مورد نظر را دریافت کند. (That survey was biased, and its questions were designed to elicit the desired answer.)

"نظرسنجی به سبک "X""

— A survey conducted in the style or manner of a particular entity or approach (e.g., a specific research firm or methodology).

این نظرسنجی به سبک نظرسنجی‌های قبلی شرکت ما انجام شد. (This survey was conducted in the style of our company's previous surveys.)

"نظرسنجی برای سنجش "Y""

— A survey conducted specifically to measure or assess 'Y'.

آنها یک نظرسنجی برای سنجش میزان رضایت از خدمات جدید برگزار کردند. (They held a survey to measure satisfaction with the new service.)

"نظرسنجی که همه را غافلگیر کرد"

— A survey whose results were surprising or unexpected.

نتایج آن نظرسنجی که همه را غافلگیر کرد، نشان داد که دیدگاه‌ها کاملاً متفاوت است. (The results of that survey, which surprised everyone, showed that perspectives were completely different.)

"نظرسنجی که حقیقت را آشکار ساخت"

— A survey that revealed the truth or an important fact.

این نظرسنجی که حقیقت را آشکار ساخت، باعث تغییراتی در سیاست شرکت شد. (This survey, which revealed the truth, led to changes in company policy.)

"نظرسنجی که نشان‌دهنده روند است"

— A survey that indicates a trend.

این نظرسنجی که نشان‌دهنده روند رو به رشد استفاده از انرژی‌های پاک است، بسیار امیدوارکننده است. (This survey, which indicates a growing trend in the use of clean energy, is very promising.)

間違えやすい

نظرسنجی vs نظر (Nazar)

Both words contain 'نظر' (opinion).

نظر (Nazar) refers to a single opinion or viewpoint. نظرسنجی (Nazar-sanji) is the process or result of collecting opinions from a group, essentially 'opinion measuring'. You give your 'نظر', but a 'نظرسنجی' is conducted.

من یک نظر دارم. (I have an opinion.) vs. ما یک نظرسنجی انجام دادیم. (We conducted a survey.)

نظرسنجی vs پیمایش (Peymayesh)

Both terms refer to surveys and are often used in similar contexts.

While often interchangeable, 'نظرسنجی' specifically emphasizes the collection of opinions, whereas 'پیمایش' can be a broader term for surveying a phenomenon, condition, or attitude. In practice, for opinion polls, they are very similar.

این نظرسنجی نشان داد که مردم چه می‌خواهند. (This survey showed what people want.) vs. این پیمایش وضعیت اقتصادی را بررسی کرد. (This survey investigated the economic situation.)

نظرسنجی vs پرسشنامه (Porseshnameh)

A questionnaire is an integral part of a survey.

پرسشنامه (Porseshnameh) is the actual document containing the questions. نظرسنجی (Nazar-sanji) is the entire process of designing, administering, and analyzing the data collected through the questionnaire.

لطفاً پرسشنامه را پر کنید. (Please fill out the questionnaire.) vs. ما یک نظرسنجی آنلاین برگزار کردیم. (We conducted an online survey.)

نظرسنجی vs آمار (Amār)

Survey results are presented as statistics.

آمار (Amār) refers to statistics or numerical data. نظرسنجی (Nazar-sanji) is the method used to collect the data that is then analyzed as 'آمار'.

نتایج نظرسنجی آمار جالبی را نشان داد. (The survey results showed interesting statistics.)

نظرسنجی vs تحقیق (Tahqiq)

Surveys are a type of research.

تحقیق (Tahqiq) is a broad term for research or investigation. نظرسنجی (Nazar-sanji) is a specific methodology or tool used within research to gather information, particularly opinions.

این تحقیق شامل نظرسنجی و مصاحبه بود. (This research included surveys and interviews.)

文型パターン

A2

Subject + نظرسنجی + Verb.

آنها یک نظرسنجی انجام دادند.

A2

این + نظرسنجی + Adjective + است.

این نظرسنجی جالب است.

B1

نظرسنجی + درباره/در مورد + Topic + Verb.

نظرسنجی درباره محصولات جدید انجام شد.

B1

نتایج + نظرسنجی + Verb.

نتایج نظرسنجی نشان داد که...

B2

Subject + Verb + نظرسنجی + برای + Purpose.

ما نظرسنجی را برای سنجش رضایت برگزار کردیم.

B2

Adjective + نظرسنجی + Verb.

نظرسنجی گسترده‌ای در سراسر کشور انجام شد.

C1

تحلیل + نظرسنجی + نشان‌دهنده + Finding.

تحلیل نظرسنجی نشان‌دهنده تغییرات قابل توجه در رفتار مصرف‌کننده است.

C1

با استفاده از + نظرسنجی, Subject + Verb.

با استفاده از نظرسنجی، شرکت توانست نیازهای بازار را بهتر درک کند.

語族

名詞

نظر (nazar - opinion)
سنجش (sanjesh - measurement/assessment)
پرسشنامه (porseshnameh - questionnaire)
آمار (āmār - statistics)
نتیجه (natijeh - result)

動詞

سنجیدن (sanjidan - to measure/assess)
پرسیدن (porsidan - to ask)
جمع کردن (jam' kardan - to collect)
تحلیل کردن (tahlil kardan - to analyze)
برگزار کردن (bargozār kardan - to hold/conduct)

形容詞

نظری (nazari - theoretical/opinionated)
سنجیده (sanjideh - measured/considered)
مهم (mohem - important)
دقیق (daghigh - accurate)
گسترده (gostardeh - extensive)

関連

نظرپرداز (nazar-pardāz - commentator/opinion maker)
نظریه (nazariyeh - theory)
سنجشگر (sanjeshgar - measurer/assessor)
نظرسنج (nazar-sanj - pollster)
پرسشگر (porseshgar - questioner)
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使い方

frequency

High

よくある間違い
  • Using 'نظر' (opinion) instead of 'نظرسنجی' (survey) when referring to the entire process. → ما یک نظرسنجی انجام دادیم.

    A single opinion ('نظر') is part of a survey, but the survey itself is the collection process ('نظرسنجی').

  • Confusing 'پرسشنامه' (questionnaire) with 'نظرسنجی' (survey). → لطفاً این پرسشنامه را پر کنید تا نظرسنجی کامل شود.

    'پرسشنامه' is the tool (the questions), while 'نظرسنجی' is the overall activity.

  • Incorrect verb usage, e.g., 'نظرسنجی را گفتیم' (We said the survey). → ما نظرسنجی را برگزار کردیم.

    Verbs like 'برگزار کردن' (to conduct) or 'انجام دادن' (to do) are appropriate for surveys, not 'گفتن' (to say).

  • Overgeneralizing 'نظرسنجی' to casual chats. → من نظرم را با دوستم در میان گذاشتم.

    A casual chat about opinions is not a formal 'نظرسنجی'. 'نظرسنجی' implies a structured method.

  • Mispronouncing the 'j' sound in 'نظرسنجی' as a hard 'j'. → Pronounce it as 'na-zar-SAN-zhi' (like the 's' in 'measure').

    The Persian 'ج' in this word has a soft 'zh' sound, not a hard 'j' sound.

ヒント

Break Down the Word

Remember that 'نظرسنجی' is made of 'نظر' (opinion) and 'سنجی' (measuring/weighing). This can help you recall its meaning: measuring opinions. Think of a scale weighing different opinions.

Listen for Keywords

When listening to news or discussions, listen for 'نظرسنجی' and related terms like 'نتایج' (results) and 'افکار عمومی' (public opinion). This will help you understand the topic being discussed.

Use in Sentences

Practice creating sentences using common phrases like 'انجام نظرسنجی' (to conduct a survey) and 'نتایج نظرسنجی' (survey results). This active recall solidifies your understanding.

Distinguish from Similar Words

Be aware of words like 'نظر' (opinion), 'پرسشنامه' (questionnaire), and 'پیمایش' (survey). Understanding their specific meanings will prevent confusion and enhance precision in your Persian.

Cultural Relevance

Recognize that 'نظرسنجی' plays a significant role in Iranian society, influencing public discourse and decision-making, much like polls do in many other cultures.

Visual Aids

Create a mental image or a drawing of a scale weighing speech bubbles (opinions) with a clipboard on the side. This visual can serve as a strong memory hook for 'نظرسنجی'.

Identify in Media

When you encounter Persian news or articles, actively look for the word 'نظرسنجی'. Try to understand the context and what kind of survey is being discussed.

Plural Form

Remember that the plural form is 'نظرسنجی‌ها' (nazar-sanji-hā), used when referring to multiple surveys.

Think of Your Own Surveys

Imagine you're conducting a survey on a topic you're passionate about. What would you ask? This practical exercise helps internalize the word and its purpose.

暗記しよう

記憶術

Imagine a judge ('نَظَر' sounds a bit like 'Nazar', a common name, perhaps a judge's name) carefully weighing ('سَنجی' sounds like 'sanj', the root of measuring/weighing) different opinions on a scale to make a decision. The judge's name is Nazar, and he is busy weighing opinions.

視覚的連想

Picture a large, ornate scale. On one side, place many speech bubbles representing opinions. On the other side, place a clipboard with a question mark. The scale is tipping, showing an assessment or measurement of these opinions. The Persian word 'نظرسنجی' is written below.

Word Web

نظرسنجی (Survey) نظر (Opinion) سنجیدن (To measure) پرسشنامه (Questionnaire) نتایج (Results) تحلیل (Analysis) مردم (People) جامعه (Society)

チャレンジ

Try to describe a hypothetical survey you would conduct about a topic you're interested in, using the word 'نظرسنجی' at least three times in your description.

語源

The word 'نظرسنجی' (nazar-sanji) is a Persian compound word formed from two distinct elements. The first part, 'نظر' (nazar), is an Arabic loanword widely adopted into Persian, meaning 'opinion', 'view', 'sight', or 'consideration'. The second part, 'سنجی' (sanji), is derived from the Persian verb 'سنجیدن' (sanjidan), which means 'to measure', 'to weigh', 'to assess', or 'to evaluate'.

元の意味： Literally, 'نظرسنجی' translates to 'opinion measurement' or 'opinion assessment'. It precisely captures the essence of quantifying or evaluating people's views.

Indo-Iranian (Persian component) and Semitic (Arabic component).

文化的な背景

When discussing survey results, especially in formal or sensitive contexts, it's important to be mindful of potential biases in the questions asked, the sampling methods used, and the interpretation of the data. Overgeneralizing results or presenting them as absolute truths can be misleading. In Persian culture, like many others, the way opinions are solicited and presented can be subject to interpretation and political influence.

In English-speaking countries, the term 'survey' or 'poll' is used extensively in similar contexts: political elections, market research, social trends, and academic studies. The underlying principle of gathering data from a sample population to infer characteristics of a larger group is universal.

Gallup Organization: A globally recognized organization that conducts public opinion polls and surveys. Pew Research Center: A nonpartisan fact tank that informs the public about the issues, attitudes and trends shaping the world. Major news outlets (e.g., BBC, CNN, Reuters) frequently report on survey results from various polling agencies.

実生活で練習する

実際の使用場面

Political News Reporting

  • نظرسنجی انتخاباتی
  • نتایج نظرسنجی
  • افکار عمومی
  • نامزد مورد علاقه

Market Research and Business

  • نظرسنجی رضایت مشتری
  • بازخورد مشتریان
  • محصول جدید
  • بازار هدف

Academic Research

  • روش‌شناسی نظرسنجی
  • جمع‌آوری داده
  • تحلیل آماری
  • جامعه آماری

Social Issues Discussion

  • نظرسنجی اجتماعی
  • نگرانی‌های جامعه
  • دیدگاه مردم
  • تاثیر سیاست‌ها

Everyday Conversation about News

  • شنیدی نتایج نظرسنجی رو؟
  • این نظرسنجی چقدر معتبره؟
  • نظر مردم چیست؟

会話のきっかけ

"What are your thoughts on the recent election survey results?"

"Have you ever participated in a customer satisfaction survey? What was your experience?"

"In your opinion, how reliable are opinion polls in today's world?"

"If you were to conduct a survey on a topic you care about, what would it be?"

"How do you think surveys influence public opinion or decision-making?"

日記のテーマ

Describe a time you participated in a survey. What was it about, and how did you feel about the questions?

Imagine you are a researcher designing a survey for a specific purpose. What would be the main objectives and target audience?

Reflect on a news report that mentioned survey results. Did the results change your perspective on the issue?

Consider the potential biases that can exist in surveys. How might these biases affect the outcomes and our understanding?

If you could ask the entire population of your country one question via a survey, what would it be and why?

よくある質問

10 問

'نظرسنجی' is a compound Persian word. 'نظر' (Nazar) means 'opinion' or 'view', and 'سنجی' (Sanji) comes from the verb 'سنجیدن' (Sanjidan), meaning 'to measure' or 'to assess'. So, literally, it means 'opinion measurement' or 'opinion assessment'.

'نظرسنجی' is used whenever opinions, feedback, or data are systematically collected from a group of people. This is common in news reporting (political polls, public opinion on issues), market research (customer satisfaction), academic studies, and for decision-making in organizations.

No, they are related but different. 'نظرسنجی' (Nazar-sanji) is the entire process of conducting a survey, including planning, data collection, and analysis. A 'پرسشنامه' (Porseshnameh) is the questionnaire itself – the list of questions used to collect the data within the survey.

Certainly. 'شرکت یک نظرسنجی برای سنجش رضایت مشتریان خود انجام داد.' (The company conducted a survey to measure its customer satisfaction.) Here, 'نظرسنجی' is the action of surveying.

Common verbs include 'برگزار کردن' (bargozār kardan - to hold/conduct), 'انجام دادن' (anjam dadan - to do/perform), 'تحلیل کردن' (tahlil kardan - to analyze), 'منتشر کردن' (montasher kardan - to publish), and 'ارزیابی کردن' (arzyābi kardan - to evaluate). For example, 'نتایج نظرسنجی منتشر شد.' (The survey results were published.)

While 'نظرسنجی' implies a systematic approach, the formality can vary. Formal 'نظرسنجی' are used in academic research and large-scale public opinion polls. However, a company might conduct a simpler 'نظرسنجی' among its employees or customers, which is less formal but still structured.

'نظرسنجی' (Nazar-sanji) is a general survey to gather opinions or data. 'رای‌گیری' (Rāy-giri) specifically refers to voting or polling in the context of elections or formal decision-making where people cast a vote for a particular option. Results of a 'رای‌گیری' are typically a winner or a majority decision.

The most common way to say 'survey results' is 'نتایج نظرسنجی' (natāyej-e nazar-sanji). 'نتایج' means results, and 'نظرسنجی' is the survey.

Yes, absolutely. 'نظرسنجی' is a fundamental research method in many social sciences. Researchers use it to collect data on attitudes, behaviors, and demographics. In this context, terms like 'روش‌شناسی نظرسنجی' (survey methodology) become important.

A 'نظرسنج' (Nazar-sanj) is a pollster or a survey researcher – someone who designs, conducts, or analyzes surveys. They are the professionals involved in the 'نظرسنجی' process.

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