B1 Time Expressions 1 min read かんたん

Genitive for Duration (e.g., tijekom dana)

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Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds

Use the Genitive case with prepositions like 'tijekom' or 'za' to describe how long an action lasts.

  • Use 'tijekom' + Genitive for 'during': Tijekom dana (During the day).
  • Use 'za' + Accusative for 'in/within a time frame': Za sat vremena (In an hour).
  • Use 'godinama' (Instrumental) for 'for years' to show ongoing duration.
Preposition (tijekom) + Noun (Genitive Case) = Duration

Genitive Case Formation for Time

Noun (Nom) Genitive Ending Example (Gen)
Dan
-a
Tijekom dana
Tjedan
-a
Tijekom tjedna
Mjesec
-a
Tijekom mjeseca
Godina
-e
Tijekom godine
Vikend
-a
Tijekom vikenda
Sastanak
-a
Tijekom sastanka
Put
-a
Tijekom puta
Praznik
-a
Tijekom praznika

Meanings

The Genitive case is used in Croatian to express duration, specifically when indicating that an event occurs within the span of a specific time period.

1

Duration of an event

Indicating an action happens throughout a time period.

“Tijekom sastanka nismo smjeli pričati.”

“Tijekom noći padala je kiša.”

Reference Table

Reference table for Genitive for Duration (e.g., tijekom dana)
Form Structure Example
Affirmative
Tijekom + Gen
Tijekom dana radim.
Negative
Ne + Verb + Tijekom + Gen
Ne radim tijekom noći.
Question
Tijekom + Gen + Verb?
Što radiš tijekom vikenda?
Plural
Tijekom + Gen Plural
Tijekom godina smo učili.
Past
Tijekom + Gen + Past Verb
Tijekom ljeta sam putovao.
Future
Tijekom + Gen + Future Verb
Tijekom zime ću skijati.

フォーマル度スペクトル

フォーマル
Tijekom sastanka

Tijekom sastanka (Business)

ニュートラル
Tijekom sastanka

Tijekom sastanka (Business)

カジュアル
Za vrijeme sastanka

Za vrijeme sastanka (Business)

スラング
Dok je bio sastanak

Dok je bio sastanak (Business)

Genitive Time Map

Tijekom

Time Units

  • dana day
  • tjedna week

Events

  • sastanka meeting
  • filma movie

Tijekom vs. Za

Tijekom (During)
Tijekom dana During the day
Za (In/Within)
Za sat In an hour
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レベル別の例文

1

Tijekom dana radim.

I work during the day.

2

Tijekom noći spavam.

I sleep during the night.

3

Tijekom ljeta je vruće.

It is hot during the summer.

4

Tijekom zime pada snijeg.

It snows during the winter.

1

Tijekom vikenda sam kod kuće.

I am at home during the weekend.

2

Tijekom škole učimo.

We study during school.

3

Tijekom puta smo pričali.

We talked during the trip.

4

Tijekom filma nismo jeli.

We didn't eat during the movie.

1

Tijekom sastanka su donijeli odluku.

They made a decision during the meeting.

2

Tijekom studija sam naučio hrvatski.

I learned Croatian during my studies.

3

Tijekom rata je bilo teško.

It was difficult during the war.

4

Tijekom praznika putujemo.

We travel during the holidays.

1

Tijekom cijelog procesa bili su mirni.

They were calm during the whole process.

2

Tijekom godina postali smo prijatelji.

Over the years we became friends.

3

Tijekom rasprave izneseni su argumenti.

Arguments were presented during the debate.

4

Tijekom izložbe posjetitelji su bili oduševljeni.

Visitors were delighted during the exhibition.

1

Tijekom proteklog desetljeća situacija se promijenila.

The situation changed during the past decade.

2

Tijekom istraživanja otkrili smo nove činjenice.

We discovered new facts during the research.

3

Tijekom mandata predsjednik je posjetio mnoge zemlje.

The president visited many countries during his term.

4

Tijekom pregovora obje strane su popustile.

Both sides compromised during the negotiations.

1

Tijekom stoljeća ovaj običaj se razvijao.

This custom evolved over the centuries.

2

Tijekom cijelog svog stvaralaštva autor je bio dosljedan.

The author was consistent throughout his entire body of work.

3

Tijekom tranzicijskog razdoblja došlo je do promjena.

Changes occurred during the transition period.

4

Tijekom boravka u inozemstvu usavršio je jezik.

He perfected the language during his stay abroad.

間違えやすい

Genitive for Duration (e.g., tijekom dana) 対 Tijekom vs. Za

Learners mix up 'during' and 'in'.

Genitive for Duration (e.g., tijekom dana) 対 Tijekom vs. Dok

Both mean 'while/during'.

Genitive for Duration (e.g., tijekom dana) 対 Tijekom vs. Preko

Both mean 'during'.

よくある間違い

✗

Tijekom dan

✓

Tijekom dana

Nominative instead of Genitive.
✗

Tijekom tjedan

✓

Tijekom tjedna

Nominative instead of Genitive.
✗

Tijekom mjesec

✓

Tijekom mjeseca

Nominative instead of Genitive.
✗

Tijekom godina

✓

Tijekom godine

Plural instead of singular.
✗

Za dana

✓

Tijekom dana

Wrong preposition for duration.
✗

U tijeku dana

✓

Tijekom dana

Redundant preposition.
✗

Tijekom vikend

✓

Tijekom vikenda

Nominative instead of Genitive.
✗

Tijekom sastanak

✓

Tijekom sastanka

Nominative instead of Genitive.
✗

Tijekom put

✓

Tijekom puta

Nominative instead of Genitive.
✗

Tijekom praznik

✓

Tijekom praznika

Nominative instead of Genitive.
✗

Tijekom desetljeće

✓

Tijekom desetljeća

Nominative instead of Genitive.
✗

Tijekom istraživanje

✓

Tijekom istraživanja

Nominative instead of Genitive.
✗

Tijekom mandat

✓

Tijekom mandata

Nominative instead of Genitive.

文型パターン

Tijekom ___ radim.

Tijekom ___ sam bio u Zagrebu.

Tijekom ___ smo donijeli odluku.

Tijekom ___ situacija se promijenila.

Real World Usage

Social Media common

Tijekom vikenda sam na moru! #odmor

Texting very common

Čujemo se tijekom dana.

Job Interview common

Tijekom studija sam stekao iskustvo.

Travel common

Tijekom puta smo vidjeli puno toga.

Food Delivery App occasional

Dostava tijekom radnog vremena.

News Report constant

Tijekom noći dogodila se nesreća.

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💡

Check the Case

Always double-check if your noun is in the Genitive case after 'tijekom'.
⚠️

Don't use Nominative

Using the Nominative case after 'tijekom' is the most common error.
🎯

Use for Formal Writing

Using 'tijekom' makes your writing sound much more professional.
💬

Dialectal Variation

In some regions, people use 'preko' instead of 'tijekom' in casual speech.

Smart Tips

Use 'tijekom' + Genitive.

Tijekom dan radim. → Tijekom dana radim.

Check if the noun is in the Genitive.

Tijekom tjedan sam radio. → Tijekom tjedna sam radio.

Use 'tijekom' instead of 'preko'.

Preko sastanka smo radili. → Tijekom sastanka smo radili.

Use 'tijekom godina'.

Tijekom godina smo učili. → Tijekom godina smo učili.

発音

/tîjekom/

Tijekom

Pronounced 'tee-yeh-kom'. Stress is on the first syllable.

Statement

Tijekom dana radim. ↘

Falling intonation at the end of a statement.

暗記しよう

記憶術

Tijekom is a 'Time-Keeper'. It keeps the Genitive case locked inside its duration.

視覚的連想

Imagine a clock (tijekom) holding a box (Genitive case) inside it. The event happens inside that box.

Rhyme

Tijekom dana, Genitive je mana, ako ga ne znaš, učiš iz stana.

Story

Marko was busy. Tijekom tjedna (during the week) he worked. Tijekom vikenda (during the weekend) he rested. Tijekom ljeta (during the summer) he traveled.

Word Web

tijekomdanatjednagodinamjesecavikendasastanka

チャレンジ

Write 3 sentences about what you do during different times of the day using 'tijekom'.

文化メモ

Used in all formal and neutral contexts.

Often uses 'priko' instead of 'tijekom'.

Often uses 'preko' for duration.

Derived from the Slavic root for 'flow' or 'current'.

会話のきっかけ

“

Što radiš tijekom vikenda?

“

Kako si proveo vrijeme tijekom ljeta?

“

Što si naučio tijekom studija?

“

Koje su se promjene dogodile tijekom godina?

日記のテーマ

Opiši svoj dan koristeći 'tijekom'.
Što si radio tijekom prošlog vikenda?
Opiši svoje iskustvo tijekom studija ili posla.
Kako se tvoj grad promijenio tijekom godina?

よくある間違い

Incorrect

正解

Incorrect

正解

Incorrect

正解

Incorrect

正解

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Test Yourself

Fill in the correct Genitive form.

Tijekom ___ (dan) radim.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: dana
Genitive singular of 'dan' is 'dana'.
Choose the correct sentence. 選択問題

Which is correct?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Tijekom tjedna radim.
Genitive singular of 'tjedan' is 'tjedna'.
Correct the sentence. Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

Tijekom godina smo učili.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Tijekom godina smo učili.
Genitive plural of 'godina' is 'godina'.
Transform to Genitive. Sentence Transformation

Tijekom (mjesec) sam bio tamo.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: mjeseca
Genitive singular of 'mjesec' is 'mjeseca'.
Match the phrase. Match Pairs

Match each item on the left with its pair on the right:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Tijekom ljeta
Summer = ljeto, Genitive = ljeta.
Fill in the correct form.

Tijekom ___ (sastanak) nismo pričali.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: sastanka
Genitive singular of 'sastanak' is 'sastanka'.
Choose the correct preposition. 選択問題

___ dana radim.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Tijekom
For duration, use 'tijekom'.
Build the sentence. Sentence Building

tijekom / radim / dana / ja

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Ja radim tijekom dana.
Standard word order.

Score: /8

練習問題

8 exercises
Fill in the correct Genitive form.

Tijekom ___ (dan) radim.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: dana
Genitive singular of 'dan' is 'dana'.
Choose the correct sentence. 選択問題

Which is correct?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Tijekom tjedna radim.
Genitive singular of 'tjedan' is 'tjedna'.
Correct the sentence. Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

Tijekom godina smo učili.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Tijekom godina smo učili.
Genitive plural of 'godina' is 'godina'.
Transform to Genitive. Sentence Transformation

Tijekom (mjesec) sam bio tamo.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: mjeseca
Genitive singular of 'mjesec' is 'mjeseca'.
Match the phrase. Match Pairs

Match 'During the summer'.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Tijekom ljeta
Summer = ljeto, Genitive = ljeta.
Fill in the correct form.

Tijekom ___ (sastanak) nismo pričali.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: sastanka
Genitive singular of 'sastanak' is 'sastanka'.
Choose the correct preposition. 選択問題

___ dana radim.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Tijekom
For duration, use 'tijekom'.
Build the sentence. Sentence Building

tijekom / radim / dana / ja

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Ja radim tijekom dana.
Standard word order.

Score: /8

よくある質問 (8)

Yes, as long as it refers to a time period.

It is neutral but often used in formal writing.

It will be grammatically incorrect.

Only if you mean 'in' or 'within'.

Learn the declension rules for nouns.

Yes, but some use 'preko' in casual speech.

Yes, 'Tijekom ljeta ću putovati'.

Very common in daily life.

Scaffolded Practice

1

1

2

2

3

3

4

4

Mastery Progress

Needs Practice

Improving

Strong

Mastered

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In Other Languages

German high

während + Genitive

German uses 'während', Croatian uses 'tijekom'.

French moderate

pendant

French has no case system for nouns.

Spanish moderate

durante

Spanish nouns do not change form.

Japanese low

～の間 (no aida)

Japanese is agglutinative, not case-based.

Arabic moderate

خلال (khilal)

Arabic uses a different case system (I'rab).

Chinese low

期间 (qījiān)

Chinese has no grammatical cases.

Learning Path

Prerequisites

Next
Accusative for Duration (e.g., cijeli dan)

Related Grammar Rules

B1

Prepositions for Time and Duration (tijekom, za vrijeme, nakon)
B1

Instrumental for Time (e.g., ljeti, noću)
A0

Basic Time Expressions (Sada, Danas)
A1

Telling Time (Koliko je sati?)
A1

Prepositions for Time (prije, poslije)
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