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B2 adjective 8分で読める

روشنفکر

Q: What is a 'pseudo-intellectual' in Persian?

A 'روشنفکرنما' (Rowshanfekr-nama).

roshanfekr

練習する例文メモとヒント روشنفکر 30秒で

解説 روشنفکر in your Level:

At the A1 level, you don't need to use 'روشنفکر' in complex debates. Just know that it means 'intellectual' or 'a person who thinks a lot about big ideas.' You can think of it as a combination of 'bright' (روشن) and 'thought' (فکر). If you see it in a simple sentence like 'He is a rowshanfekr,' it just means he is a very smart person who reads many books and has modern ideas. It is a person noun. Example: 'My teacher is a rowshanfekr.'

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At the A2 level, you can start using 'روشنفکر' to describe people you know or famous characters. You should understand that it is an adjective used for people. You might see it in descriptions of writers or poets. It is important to remember the plural form 'روشنفکران' (rowshanfekr-aan) because you will hear it on the news. You can use it in simple sentences like: 'I like intellectual movies' (من فیلم‌های روشنفکری را دوست دارم). Here, it describes a type of movie that makes you think.

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At the B1 level, you should understand the social weight of the word. A 'روشنفکر' is not just smart; they are often someone who wants to change society or has 'enlightened' views. You can use it to talk about history or social topics. You should be able to distinguish between being 'smart' (باهوش) and being an 'intellectual' (روشنفکر). You can also use the noun form 'روشنفکری' to talk about 'intellectualism' or the act of being an intellectual. For example: 'Intellectualism is important for a country's progress.'

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At the B2 level, you are expected to use 'روشنفکر' in discussions about culture, politics, and philosophy. You should understand the nuances, such as the difference between a 'religious intellectual' (روشنفکر دینی) and a 'secular intellectual.' You should be able to use it as both a noun and an adjective with ease. You should also recognize the derivative 'روشنفکرانه' (intellectual-like/ly) and use it to describe ideas, books, or perspectives. For example: 'He gave an intellectual analysis of the situation.' You should also be aware of the potential for sarcasm when the word is used in certain contexts.

At the C1 level, you should be familiar with the historical context of 'روشنفکری' in Iran, particularly its role in the Constitutional Revolution and the 1979 Revolution. You should be able to discuss the 'responsibilities of the intellectual' (رسالت روشنفکر). You should also know related high-level terms like 'اندیشمند' (thinker/scholar) or 'فرهیخته' (cultured) and know exactly when to use each. You should be able to read complex essays where 'روشنفکر' is the central subject and understand the author's tone—whether they are praising or critiquing the intellectual class.

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At the C2 level, you have a masterly grasp of 'روشنفکر.' You can engage in deep philosophical debates about the 'death of the intellectual' or the evolution of 'intellectual discourse' in the Persian-speaking world. You understand the subtle shades of meaning in phrases like 'روشنفکرِ تمام‌عیار' (a complete/thorough intellectual) or 'روشنفکر‌نما' (pseudo-intellectual). You can use the word in academic writing, poetry, or high-level political analysis with perfect register and tone, navigating the complex sociopolitical history the word carries in Iran.

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練習する例文メモとヒント

روشنفکر 30秒で

Rowshanfekr means 'intellectual' or 'enlightened thinker,' combining the Persian words for 'bright' and 'thought.'
It refers to someone who uses critical thinking to analyze society and often holds progressive or modern views.
In Iran, the term has deep historical roots in social movements and is central to café and academic culture.
It can be used as a noun for the person or as an adjective (often with '-ane') to describe ideas or perspectives.

The word روشنفکر (Rowshanfekr) is a powerful and multifaceted term in the Persian language, acting as a bridge between the realms of intellect, social responsibility, and cultural enlightenment. At its most basic level, it translates to 'intellectual' or 'enlightened thinker.' However, its weight in Iranian society is significantly heavier than the simple English equivalent. It is a compound word derived from روشن (Rowshan), meaning 'bright' or 'clear,' and فکر (Fekr), meaning 'thought' or 'idea.' Thus, a روشنفکر is literally someone with 'bright thoughts'—a person whose mind illuminates the complexities of society, politics, and philosophy.

Core Concept: The term refers to an individual who engages in critical thinking and seeks to apply reason and logic to the betterment of society, often challenging traditional norms.

Historically, the term gained prominence during the Iranian Constitutional Revolution of the early 20th century. During this era, the روشنفکران (intellectuals) were those who had often studied in Europe and returned with ideas of democracy, secularism, and modernization. They were seen as the vanguard of change, the ones responsible for waking the nation from its 'slumber.' Therefore, when you use this word today, you are tapping into a century of social discourse regarding progress and identity.

بسیاری از روشنفکران در آن زمان به دنبال تغییرات اساسی در ساختار قدرت بودند.

Translation: Many intellectuals at that time were seeking fundamental changes in the power structure.

In everyday conversation, you might hear this word used to describe a friend who reads deeply, a professor with progressive views, or a writer who critiques government policy. It is not just about being 'smart' (which would be باهوش); it is about the active use of that intelligence to analyze and influence the world. A scientist is smart, but a scientist who writes essays about the ethics of artificial intelligence is a روشنفکر.

Societal Role: A روشنفکر is often expected to be the 'conscience' of the society, speaking truth to power and advocating for human rights and rationalism.

او همیشه سعی می‌کند به عنوان یک روشنفکر، مسائل را از زوایای مختلف بررسی کند.

Translation: He always tries to examine issues from different angles as an intellectual.

Ultimately, being called a روشنفکر is usually a mark of respect for one's depth of thought and commitment to truth. It implies a certain level of education, but more importantly, a certain level of awareness and engagement with the ideas that shape human existence. Whether in literature, cinema, or political science, the روشنفکر remains a central figure in the Persian-speaking world’s ongoing dialogue with itself and the global community.

Using روشنفکر correctly requires an understanding of its grammatical role as an adjective that can also function as a noun. Because it describes a person's character or state of mind, it often follows the verb 'to be' (بودن) or modifies a noun directly. In Persian, adjectives usually follow the noun they describe, connected by the Ezafe (the short '-e' sound).

As a Noun: When used as a noun, it refers to the person themselves. Plural: روشنفکران (Rowshanfekr-aan).

این کتاب برای روشنفکران جوان نوشته شده است.

Translation: This book is written for young intellectuals.

When describing a person's outlook, you might say someone has a 'روشنفکرانه' (intellectual-like) perspective. Adding the suffix '-ane' turns the adjective into an adverb or a descriptive adjective for abstract concepts like 'views' or 'actions.' For example, نگاه روشنفکرانه (an intellectual look/perspective).

As an Adjective: Used to describe a person's quality. Example: دوستِ روشنفکرِ من (My intellectual friend).

او عقاید روشنفکرانه‌ای درباره‌ی آموزش و پرورش دارد.

Translation: She has intellectual/enlightened views about education.

In formal writing, you will often see it paired with verbs like محسوب شدن (to be considered) or شناخته شدن (to be known as). For instance, 'He is considered an intellectual in his field.' This adds a layer of formal recognition to the person's status.

Common Verbs: Often used with بودن (to be), شدن (to become), and نمودن (to appear/show - formal).

او با انتشار این مقاله، به عنوان یک روشنفکر واقعی شناخته شد.

Translation: With the publication of this article, he was recognized as a true intellectual.

Finally, remember that 'روشنفکر' can also be used in the abstract as روشنفکری (intellectualism). This refers to the movement or the state of being an intellectual. For example, 'The history of Iranian intellectualism' would be تاریخ روشنفکری ایران. Using these variations correctly will significantly elevate your Persian proficiency from intermediate to advanced levels.

If you spend time in Tehran, Shiraz, or any major Iranian city, you are likely to encounter the word روشنفکر in specific environments. It is a staple of 'Café Culture.' Iranian cafés are not just for coffee; they are hubs for discussion, poetry readings, and political debate. Here, you will hear people debating who the 'real' روشنفکران of the current generation are.

Academic Settings: In universities, especially in the humanities and social sciences departments, the role of the intellectual is a constant subject of study.

در دانشگاه، ما درباره‌ی مسئولیت‌های یک روشنفکر بحث کردیم.

Translation: In the university, we discussed the responsibilities of an intellectual.

You will also find this word frequently in the arts—cinema, theater, and literature. Iranian 'Art House' cinema (like the films of Abbas Kiarostami or Asghar Farhadi) is often described as سینمای روشنفکری (intellectual cinema). These films often deal with complex moral dilemmas and social critiques, appealing to an audience that identifies as روشنفکر.

In the media, specifically in newspapers like Shargh or Etemad, columnists use the word to categorize thinkers. You might see headlines like 'The Crisis of Intellectualism in the Modern Era.' It is a word used by people who are engaged with the 'life of the mind.' However, be wary of the slang term روشنفکر‌نما (Rowshanfekr-nama), which refers to a 'pseudo-intellectual'—someone who acts like an intellectual but lacks the actual depth or sincerity.

Social Media: On Persian Twitter (X) or Instagram, the word is often used in debates about social justice, secularism, and tradition.

او در فضای مجازی به عنوان یک چهره‌ی روشنفکر شناخته می‌شود.

Translation: He is known as an intellectual figure in cyberspace.

Lastly, in family gatherings or dinner parties, the term might be used to describe a relative who has 'modern' or 'liberal' views. If an uncle supports women's rights in a conservative family, he might be called a روشنفکر by his nieces and nephews. In this context, the word acts as a synonym for 'open-minded' and 'progressive.'

One of the most frequent mistakes English speakers make when using روشنفکر is confusing it with the word for 'smart' or 'intelligent' (باهوش or زرنگ). While an intellectual is usually intelligent, the reverse is not always true. باهوش refers to raw mental capacity or quickness, whereas روشنفکر refers to a specific social and philosophical stance. You wouldn't call a 5-year-old math prodigy a روشنفکر, but you would call them باهوش.

Mistake #1: Confusing with 'Smart': Incorrect: 'My computer is very rowshanfekr.' Correct: 'My computer is very advanced/smart (پیشرفته/باهوش).'

اشتباه: این بچه خیلی روشنفکر است. درست: این بچه خیلی باهوش است.

Translation: Error: This child is very intellectual. Correct: This child is very smart.

Another common error is failing to distinguish between روشنفکر and تحصیل‌کرده (educated). A person can have three PhDs and still not be considered a روشنفکر if they do not engage in critical thinking or social critique. Conversely, a self-taught writer could be a major روشنفکر. The word implies an active engagement with ideas, not just a diploma on the wall.

Learners also sometimes struggle with the plural form. While روشنفکرها is acceptable in casual speech, the formal plural روشنفکران (Rowshanfekr-aan) is much more common in writing and serious discussion. Using the '-ha' plural in an academic essay might make your writing seem slightly less professional.

Mistake #2: Over-generalization: Don't use it for technical experts. A skilled plumber is an expert (متخصص), not a rowshanfekr, unless they are also a philosopher of plumbing.

او یک جراح روشنفکر است؟ (Only if he discusses medical ethics/social impact!)

Finally, avoid confusing روشنفکر with مذهبی (religious) or غیرمذهبی (secular). While many intellectuals in Iran have historically been secular, there is a significant category known as روشنفکر دینی (religious intellectual). These are thinkers who try to reconcile religious faith with modern democratic and rationalist values. Assuming all intellectuals are anti-religious is a common cultural misunderstanding.

Persian has several words that overlap with روشنفکر, and choosing the right one depends on the specific nuance you want to convey. If you want to emphasize the act of thinking itself, rather than the social identity, you might use متفکر (Motafakker).

Rowshanfekr vs. Motafakker: Rowshanfekr: Socially engaged, enlightened, progressive.
Motafakker: A deep thinker, philosopher, someone who ponders deeply.

Another alternative is اندیشمند (Andishmand). This word is very formal and often refers to great scholars or historical figures. It carries a sense of wisdom and established authority. While a روشنفکر might be a young activist, an اندیشمند is usually someone with a lifetime of profound work.

او یکی از بزرگترین اندیشمندان قرن بیستم است.

Translation: He is one of the greatest thinkers (scholars) of the 20th century.

For someone who is simply well-educated, use تحصیل‌کرده (Tahsil-kardeh). For someone who is wise and experienced, use خردمند (Kheradmand). If you are talking about a 'scholar' in a traditional or religious sense, the word عالم (Alem) is more appropriate.

Comparison Table

روشن‌بین: Clear-sighted/Insightful (more about perception).
فرهیخته: Cultured/Sophisticated (about education and manners).
دانشمند: Scientist/Scientist-Scholar (focus on hard sciences).

جامعه‌ی فرهیخته همیشه به دنبال یادگیری است.

Translation: A cultured/sophisticated society is always seeking to learn.

In summary, use روشنفکر when you mean 'intellectual' in a social, political, or modern philosophical context. Use متفکر for 'thinker,' اندیشمند for 'great scholar,' and فرهیخته for 'highly cultured/educated person.' Understanding these distinctions will make your Persian sound much more natural and precise.

How Formal Is It?

豆知識

The term was popularized in the late 19th and early 20th centuries as a translation for the French word 'intellectuel' or 'éclairé' (enlightened).

発音ガイド

UK /roʊʃænˈfekr/

US /roʊʃænˈfekər/

The primary stress is on the last syllable: Row-shan-FEKR.

韻が合う語

فکر (Fekr - Thought) ذکر (Zekr - Mention/Chant) بکر (Bekr - Virgin/Pure) شکر (Shokr - Thanks) مکر (Makr - Deceit) سکر (Sokr - Intoxication) نکر (Nakr - Denial) فخر (Fakhr - Pride)

よくある間違い

Pronouncing 'Rowshan' as 'Row-shun' (rhyming with 'fun'). It should be 'shan' like 'shack' without the 'k'.
Missing the 'k' in 'Fekr'. It's a distinct sound before the 'r'.
Stress on the first syllable.
Pronouncing 'Row' like 'row a boat'. It is more like the 'o' in 'go' but slightly more open.
Over-emphasizing the 'n' in 'Rowshan'.

難易度

読解 3/5

Common in newspapers and literature.

ライティング 4/5

Requires understanding of the '-ane' suffix and formal plurals.

スピーキング 3/5

Used frequently in educated social circles.

リスニング 3/5

Clear pronunciation but context matters.

次に学ぶべきこと

前提知識

روشن فکر آدم نویسنده جامعه

次に学ぶ

اندیشمند فلسفه منتقد سیاست فرهنگ

上級

هژمونی سکولاریسم مدرنیته سنت گفتمان

知っておくべき文法

Compound Adjectives

روشن (Light) + فکر (Thought) = روشنفکر

The '-ane' Suffix for Adverbs/Adjectives

روشنفکر + انه = روشنفکرانه (Intellectual-like/ly)

Formal Plural with '-an'

روشنفکر + ان = روشنفکران (Intellectuals)

Abstract Noun with '-i'

روشنفکر + ی = روشنفکری (Intellectualism)

Ezafe Construction

نویسنده‌ی روشنفکر (The intellectual writer)

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レベル別の例文

او یک روشنفکر است.

He is an intellectual.

Simple subject + noun + verb 'to be'.

من برادرم را روشنفکر می‌دانم.

I consider my brother an intellectual.

Direct object + adjective.

آیا شما روشنفکر هستید؟

Are you an intellectual?

Question form of 'to be'.

پدرم کتاب‌های روشنفکری می‌خواند.

My father reads intellectual books.

Adjective modifying a noun.

روشنفکر یعنی چه؟

What does intellectual mean?

Common way to ask for a definition.

او یک معلم روشنفکر است.

He is an intellectual teacher.

Adjective following the noun with Ezafe.

آن‌ها روشنفکر هستند.

They are intellectuals.

Plural subject with 'to be'.

این یک حرف روشنفکرانه است.

This is an intellectual remark.

Adjective ending in -ane.

نویسنده‌ی این کتاب یک روشنفکر معروف است.

The author of this book is a famous intellectual.

Noun phrase as subject.

ما به روشنفکران بیشتری نیاز داریم.

We need more intellectuals.

Plural noun 'روشنفکران'.

او همیشه مثل یک روشنفکر صحبت می‌کند.

He always speaks like an intellectual.

Using 'مثل' (like) for comparison.

دوست من خیلی روشنفکر است و زیاد مطالعه می‌کند.

My friend is very intellectual and reads a lot.

Compound sentence with 'and'.

سینمای روشنفکری در ایران طرفداران زیادی دارد.

Intellectual cinema has many fans in Iran.

Noun + adjective phrase.

او یک زن روشنفکر و شجاع است.

She is an intellectual and brave woman.

Two adjectives describing one noun.

آیا این مجله برای روشنفکران است؟

Is this magazine for intellectuals?

Prepositional phrase 'برای...'.

او در خانواده‌ای روشنفکر بزرگ شده است.

He grew up in an intellectual family.

Present perfect tense.

روشنفکران همیشه به دنبال حقیقت هستند.

Intellectuals are always seeking the truth.

General statement about a group.

او سعی می‌کند نگاهی روشنفکرانه به مسائل داشته باشد.

He tries to have an intellectual perspective on issues.

Using 'نگاه' (look/view) with '-ane' adjective.

جامعه بدون روشنفکر پیشرفت نمی‌کند.

A society does not progress without intellectuals.

Negative sentence with 'بدون' (without).

او به خاطر عقاید روشنفکرانه‌اش مشهور شد.

He became famous for his intellectual beliefs.

Possessive suffix with '-ane' adjective.

بسیاری از شاعران ایرانی روشنفکر بودند.

Many Iranian poets were intellectuals.

Past tense 'to be'.

این فیلم به موضوع روشنفکری در دهه چهل می‌پردازد.

This film deals with the subject of intellectualism in the 1960s.

Verb 'پرداختن به' (to deal with).

او یک روشنفکر دینی است که به دموکراسی اعتقاد دارد.

He is a religious intellectual who believes in democracy.

Relative clause with 'که'.

ما باید به نظرات روشنفکران گوش دهیم.

We must listen to the opinions of intellectuals.

Modal verb 'باید' (must).

نقش روشنفکر در جوامع در حال توسعه بسیار حیاتی است.

The role of the intellectual in developing societies is very vital.

Complex subject phrase.

او متهم شد که یک روشنفکر غرب‌زده است.

He was accused of being a 'West-struck' intellectual.

Passive voice + specific cultural term 'غرب‌زده'.

روشنفکران باید پلی بین دولت و مردم باشند.

Intellectuals should be a bridge between the government and the people.

Metaphorical usage.

او با لحنی روشنفکرانه از سیاست‌های اقتصادی انتقاد کرد.

He criticized economic policies with an intellectual tone.

Adverbial usage of '-ane' form.

تاریخ روشنفکری در ایران پر از فراز و نشیب است.

The history of intellectualism in Iran is full of ups and downs.

Abstract noun 'روشنفکری'.

او از اینکه او را روشنفکر بنامند، دوری می‌کرد.

He avoided being called an intellectual.

Gerund-like structure with 'از اینکه'.

بحث‌های روشنفکری معمولاً در فضاهای غیررسمی شکل می‌گیرند.

Intellectual debates usually take shape in informal spaces.

Plural subject + complex verb.

او به عنوان یک روشنفکر، مسئولیت سنگینی بر دوش دارد.

As an intellectual, he carries a heavy responsibility on his shoulders.

Idiomatic expression 'بر دوش داشتن'.

رسالت روشنفکر، بیداری افکار عمومی و نقد قدرت است.

The mission of the intellectual is to awaken public opinion and critique power.

High-register vocabulary ('رسالت', 'بیداری').

او میان سنت و مدرنیته، جایگاه یک روشنفکر را بازتعریف کرد.

Between tradition and modernity, he redefined the position of an intellectual.

Prefix 'باز-' for re-doing an action.

برخی معتقدند که دوران روشنفکران کلاسیک به پایان رسیده است.

Some believe that the era of classic intellectuals has come to an end.

Complex belief clause.

او در آثارش به تضادهای درونی طبقه روشنفکر می‌پردازد.

In his works, he addresses the internal contradictions of the intellectual class.

Sociological terminology ('طبقه').

روشنفکر نباید اجازه دهد که ایدئولوژی بر حقیقت غلبه کند.

The intellectual must not allow ideology to triumph over truth.

Subjunctive mood after 'اجازه دادن'.

او با رویکردی روشنفکرانه، به بازخوانی متون کهن پرداخت.

With an intellectual approach, he engaged in the re-reading of ancient texts.

Formal verb 'پرداختن' with 'به'.

انزوای روشنفکران می‌تواند منجر به رکود فرهنگی جامعه شود.

The isolation of intellectuals can lead to the cultural stagnation of society.

Causal relationship structure.

او همواره از استقلالِ نهاد روشنفکری دفاع کرده است.

He has always defended the independence of the intellectual institution.

Present perfect with 'همواره'.

گفتمان روشنفکری در پسا-انقلاب، دستخوش تغییرات بنیادین گشت.

Intellectual discourse in the post-revolution era underwent fundamental changes.

Literary verb 'گشتن' instead of 'شدن'.

او به نقدِ هژمونیِ فرهنگی از منظر یک روشنفکرِ متعهد پرداخت.

He critiqued cultural hegemony from the perspective of a committed intellectual.

Academic terms ('هژمونی', 'منظر').

تجلیِ اندیشه‌ی روشنفکرانه را می‌توان در ساختارِ زیرینِ این رمان یافت.

The manifestation of intellectual thought can be found in the underlying structure of this novel.

Passive potential 'می‌توان یافت'.

او قربانیِ سوءتفاهم‌های تاریخی میان توده‌ها و روشنفکران شد.

He became a victim of historical misunderstandings between the masses and the intellectuals.

Abstract noun phrase as subject.

روشنفکریِ انتقادی، مستلزمِ گسست از پیش‌فرض‌های جزمی است.

Critical intellectualism requires a break from dogmatic assumptions.

Formal verb 'مستلزم بودن'.

او در رساله‌ی خود، به تبارشناسیِ جریان‌های روشنفکری معاصر پرداخت.

In his treatise, he engaged in the genealogy of contemporary intellectual currents.

Highly academic terminology ('تبارشناسی').

عدمِ انسجام میان روشنفکران، مانع از شکل‌گیریِ یک جبهه‌ی واحد گشت.

The lack of cohesion among intellectuals prevented the formation of a united front.

Negative noun 'عدم' used as a prefix.

او با ظرافتی روشنفکرانه، مرز میان تعهد و تخصص را ترسیم کرد.

With intellectual subtlety, he delineated the boundary between commitment and expertise.

Adverbial phrase with 'ظرافت'.

よく使う組み合わせ

روشنفکر دینی

طبقه روشنفکر

نگاه روشنفکرانه

روشنفکر غرب‌زده

جامعه روشنفکری

روشنفکر تمام‌عیار

مسئولیت روشنفکر

جریان روشنفکری

روشنفکر منتقد

ادبیات روشنفکری

よく使うフレーズ

ژست روشنفکری گرفتن

— To act like an intellectual, often used negatively to imply pretentiousness.

او فقط ژست روشنفکری می‌گیرد.

حرف‌های روشنفکرانه

— Intellectual talk or high-brow conversation.

آن‌ها تمام شب حرف‌های روشنفکرانه زدند.

تیپ روشنفکری

— An intellectual 'look' (e.g., glasses, scarves, specific style).

او همیشه تیپ روشنفکری می‌زند.

دغدغه‌های روشنفکری

— Intellectual concerns or anxieties.

او دغدغه‌های روشنفکری زیادی دارد.

محافل روشنفکری

— Intellectual circles or gatherings.

او در محافل روشنفکری تهران شناخته شده است.

روشنفکرِ گوشه‌گیر

— A reclusive or isolated intellectual.

او یک روشنفکر گوشه‌گیر است که کم حرف می‌زند.

خیانت روشنفکران

— The 'betrayal of the intellectuals' (a famous concept by Julien Benda).

کتاب خیانت روشنفکران بسیار تاثیرگذار بود.

روشنفکرِ ارگانیک

— Organic intellectual (Gramsci's concept).

او خود را یک روشنفکر ارگانیک می‌داند.

بحث‌های داغ روشنفکری

— Heated intellectual debates.

در آن کافه همیشه بحث‌های داغ روشنفکری در جریان است.

روشنفکرِ نسل جدید

— New generation intellectual.

او نماینده روشنفکران نسل جدید است.

よく混同される語

روشنفکر vs باهوش

Smart/Intelligent. Refers to mental speed, while rowshanfekr refers to a social/philosophical identity.

روشنفکر vs تحصیل‌کرده

Educated. One can be educated without being an intellectual, and vice-versa.

روشنفکر vs دانشمند

Scientist. Focuses on technical knowledge, whereas rowshanfekr focuses on social and critical thought.

慣用句と表現

"روشنفکرِ کافه‌نشین"

— A 'café intellectual'; someone who talks about ideas in cafés but doesn't take action.

ما به عمل نیاز داریم، نه فقط روشنفکران کافه‌نشین.

Informal/Critical

"روشنفکرِ برج عاج‌نشین"

— An intellectual living in an 'ivory tower'; disconnected from the real world.

او یک روشنفکر برج عاج‌نشین است که درد مردم را نمی‌فهمد.

Formal/Critical

"از دماغِ فیل افتادن"

— To be very arrogant (sometimes used for intellectuals who think they are superior).

او چنان روشنفکر است که انگار از دماغ فیل افتاده!

Slang/Idiomatic

"کتابِ ناطق"

— A 'speaking book'; someone who is extremely knowledgeable (complimentary).

او یک روشنفکر واقعی و یک کتاب ناطق است.

Informal

"فکرِ بکر"

— A fresh or original idea (often attributed to intellectuals).

او همیشه فکرهای بکری در سر دارد.

Neutral

"چراغِ راه"

— A guiding light (often used to describe the role of an intellectual).

اندیشه‌های او چراغ راه روشنفکران جوان است.

Literary

"صاحب‌نظر"

— An expert or someone whose opinion carries weight.

او در مسائل سیاسی یک روشنفکر صاحب‌نظر است.

Formal

"اهلِ قلم"

— A person of the pen (writer/intellectual).

او از جمله روشنفکران اهل قلم است.

Formal

"اندیشه‌ی نو"

— New/modern thought.

او همیشه به دنبال اندیشه‌های نو است.

Neutral

"روشنفکر‌نما"

— A pseudo-intellectual (someone who pretends to be one).

نباید فریب این روشنفکر‌نماها را خورد.

Critical

間違えやすい

روشنفکر vs روشن‌بین

Both start with 'Rowshan'.

Rowshan-bin means 'insightful' or 'optimistic/clear-sighted,' while Rowshanfekr is 'intellectual.'

او یک مدیر روشنبین است.

روشنفکر vs متفکر

Both mean 'thinker'.

Motafakker is more general (philosopher/thinker), while Rowshanfekr has a stronger social/progressive connotation.

سقراط یک متفکر بزرگ بود.

روشنفکر vs فرهیخته

Both describe high-level people.

Farhikhteh emphasizes being cultured and well-bred; Rowshanfekr emphasizes critical social thinking.

مهمانان ما همگی افرادی فرهیخته بودند.

روشنفکر vs آزاداندیش

Intellectuals are often free-thinkers.

Azad-andish specifically means 'free-thinker' (unbound by dogma), while Rowshanfekr is the broader social category.

او همیشه یک آزاداندیش بوده است.

روشنفکر vs منورالفکر

Old term for the same thing.

Monavvar-ol-fekr is an archaic (Arabic-based) term for intellectual, now mostly used in historical contexts.

در زمان قاجار به آن‌ها منورالفکر می‌گفتند.

文型パターン

[Name] [Adjective] است.

علی روشنفکر است.

من [Noun]های [Adjective] را دوست دارم.

من کتاب‌های روشنفکری را دوست دارم.

او به عنوان یک [Noun] شناخته می‌شود.

او به عنوان یک روشنفکر شناخته می‌شود.

با وجود [Noun]، او همچنان [Adjective] ماند.

با وجود مشکلات، او همچنان روشنفکر ماند.

نقشِ [Noun] در [Noun] غیرقابل انکار است.

نقشِ روشنفکران در انقلاب غیرقابل انکار است.

او با [Adverb] به نقدِ [Noun] پرداخت.

او با ظرافتی روشنفکرانه به نقدِ دولت پرداخت.

[Noun] مستلزمِ [Noun] است.

روشنفکری مستلزمِ آزاداندیشی است.

در پرتوِ [Noun]، می‌توان [Verb].

در پرتوِ اندیشه‌ی روشنفکرانه، می‌توان به حقیقت رسید.

語族

名詞

روشنفکری (Intellectualism)

روشنفکران (Intellectuals - Plural)

فکر (Thought)

روشنی (Brightness)

動詞

فکر کردن (To think)

روشن کردن (To turn on/illuminate)

روشن شدن (To become clear/turn on)

形容詞

روشن (Bright/Clear)

روشنفکرانه (Intellectual-like)

فکری (Mental/Intellectual)

使い方

frequency

High in media, literature, and academic circles; moderate in daily casual speech.

よくある間違い

Calling a smart phone 'Rowshanfekr'. → گوشی باهوش / گوشی هوشمند
Rowshanfekr is only for people or human-centric ideas, not devices.
Using 'Rowshanfekr' for a medical doctor just because they are educated. → پزشک متخصص / باسواد
Unless the doctor is also a social thinker, 'rowshanfekr' isn't the right term.
Saying 'Rowshanfekr-ha' in a formal university essay. → روشنفکران
The '-an' plural is required for higher register writing.
Confusing 'Rowshanfekr' with 'Rowshan-bin' (optimistic). → روشنفکر (Intellectual)
They sound similar but have very different meanings.
Using it for a child who gets good grades. → باهوش / شاگرد اول
Children are rarely described as rowshanfekr because it implies social critique.

ヒント

Historical Weight

Remember that calling someone a 'روشنفکر' in Iran often invokes the history of the Constitutional Revolution. It's a word with a 'mission' attached to it.

The '-ane' Suffix

Add '-ane' to make it an adverb or to describe abstract nouns like 'views' (عقاید روشنفکرانه).

Sarcasm Alert

If someone says 'Oh, you're such a rowshanfekr' because you're wearing a scarf in a certain way, they might be teasing your 'intellectual look.'

Synonym Choice

Use 'فرهیخته' if you want to be extremely respectful at a formal dinner or in a letter.

Catching the Plural

On the news, listen for 'Rowshanfekr-aan'. The '-aan' ending is the key to identifying the group.

Compound Power

Persian loves compounds. 'Rowshan' (Light) + 'Fekr' (Thought) is a perfect example of how the language builds meaning.

Café Culture

If you go to a café in Tehran, you are in the 'natural habitat' of the rowshanfekr. It's the best place to use the word.

The 'Fekr' R

Try to roll the 'r' at the end of 'Fekr' just a little bit for a more native sound.

Not Just Smart

Always remember: a rowshanfekr is a smart person who *cares* about the direction of society.

Visual Aid

Associate the word with the color 'white' or 'light' because of the 'Rowshan' part.

暗記しよう

記憶術

Think of a 'Row' of 'Shining' (Rowshan) 'Fakers' (Fekr) - though they aren't fakers, the sound helps! Or better: 'Rowshan' (Light) + 'Fekr' (Thinker) = A thinker who brings light.

視覚的連想

Imagine a person whose head is a glowing lightbulb (Rowshan) while they are reading a book (Fekr).

Word Web

کتاب دانشگاه قهوه عینک فلسفه سیاست نقد آزادی

チャレンジ

Try to describe your favorite author using the word 'روشنفکر' and explain why they deserve that title in three Persian sentences.

語源

A compound of the Persian word 'Rowshan' and the Arabic-derived word 'Fekr'. 'Rowshan' comes from Middle Persian 'rōšn', ultimately from the Proto-Indo-European root '*leuk-' (light). 'Fekr' comes from the Arabic root 'f-k-r', meaning to reflect or contemplate.

元の意味： Literally 'Bright-thoughted' or 'Light-minded'. It implies clarity of vision and the light of reason.

Indo-European (Persian) + Afroasiatic (Arabic loanword).

文化的な背景

Be aware that in very conservative circles, 'روشنفکر' might be used as a pejorative to mean someone who has abandoned traditional values for Western ones.

Similar to the concept of the 'Public Intellectual' in the West (like Noam Chomsky or Susan Sontag).

Jalal Al-e Ahmad's 'Gharbzadegi' Ali Shariati's lectures on the 'Responsible Intellectual' The films of Dariush Mehrjui.

実生活で練習する

実際の使用場面

In a Café

این کافه پاتوق روشنفکران است.
بیا یک بحث روشنفکری بکنیم.
او همیشه اینجا می‌نشیند و کتاب می‌خواند.
تیپش خیلی روشنفکری است.

At University

استاد ما یک روشنفکر واقعی است.
ما درباره‌ی تاریخ روشنفکری مطالعه می‌کنیم.
او مقالات روشنفکرانه‌ی زیادی نوشته است.
دانشجویان باید روشنفکر باشند.

Political Discussion

روشنفکران باید از حقوق مردم دفاع کنند.
او یک روشنفکر منتقد دولت است.
جریان‌های روشنفکری در ایران بسیار متنوع هستند.
نقش روشنفکر در دموکراسی چیست؟

Book Club

این کتاب نگاهی روشنفکرانه به زندگی دارد.
نویسنده خودش را یک روشنفکر می‌داند.
این رمان مخصوص طبقه روشنفکر است.
نقد روشنفکرانه بر این اثر نوشته شده است.

Art Gallery

این نقاشی‌ها خیلی روشنفکرانه هستند.
هنرمند باید یک روشنفکر باشد.
جمعیت روشنفکری اینجا جمع شده‌اند.
او با دیدی روشنفکرانه به هنر می‌نگرد.

会話のきっかけ

"به نظر شما تعریف یک روشنفکر واقعی چیست؟ (What is your definition of a true intellectual?)"

"آیا فکر می‌کنید روشنفکران در جامعه‌ی امروز تأثیری دارند؟ (Do you think intellectuals have an influence in today's society?)"

"کدام نویسنده را یک روشنفکر بزرگ می‌دانید؟ (Which author do you consider a great intellectual?)"

"تفاوت بین یک آدم باهوش و یک روشنفکر چیست؟ (What is the difference between a smart person and an intellectual?)"

"آیا سینمای روشنفکری را به سینمای تجاری ترجیح می‌دهید؟ (Do you prefer intellectual cinema over commercial cinema?)"

日記のテーマ

درباره‌ی یک روشنفکر که بر زندگی شما تأثیر گذاشته است بنویسید. (Write about an intellectual who has influenced your life.)

آیا خودتان را یک روشنفکر می‌دانید؟ چرا بله و چرا نه؟ (Do you consider yourself an intellectual? Why or why not?)

نقش روشنفکران در آینده‌ی کشورتان را توصیف کنید. (Describe the role of intellectuals in the future of your country.)

یک روز از زندگی یک روشنفکر خیالی را تصور کنید و بنویسید. (Imagine and write about a day in the life of an imaginary intellectual.)

نقد خود را نسبت به 'روشنفکران برج عاج‌نشین' بیان کنید. (Express your critique of 'ivory tower intellectuals.')

よくある質問

10 問

Usually, yes. It implies intelligence and social awareness. However, it can be used sarcastically to mean 'pretentious.'

Absolutely. The term 'روشنفکر دینی' (religious intellectual) is very common in Iran, referring to those who reconcile faith with modern values.

Words like 'متحجر' (dogmatic/stagnant) or 'نادان' (ignorant) are often used as opposites in social debates.

You say 'روشنفکری' (Rowshanfekri).

Yes, Persian is gender-neutral. 'او یک روشنفکر است' can mean 'He is an intellectual' or 'She is an intellectual.'

A 'روشنفکر‌نما' (Rowshanfekr-nama).

It's common in discussions about books, movies, or politics, but less common when talking about chores or simple daily activities.

Not really. Use 'باهوش' (smart) for children. 'روشنفکر' implies a level of social and adult understanding.

An 'اندیشمند' is usually a more established, formal scholar, while a 'روشنفکر' is a socially active thinker.

Yes, 'روشنفکران' (formal) and 'روشنفکرها' (informal).

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