زندان 30秒で
- Zendān means prison or jail in Persian.
- It is used both literally (legal building) and metaphorically (feeling trapped).
- Common verbs include 'oftādan' (to go to) and 'andākhtan' (to throw into).
- It is a key concept in Persian literature and social discourse.
The word زندان (Zendān) is a fundamental Persian noun that refers to a correctional facility or a place of legal confinement. At its core, it represents the physical structure where individuals are held by the state as a consequence of committing a crime or awaiting trial. In the Persian linguistic landscape, 'Zendān' carries a weight that spans from literal law enforcement to deep metaphorical representations in classical literature. Historically, the word is derived from Middle Persian 'zindān', which has roots in the concept of guarding or watching over. When you use this word in modern Iran or Tajikistan, it immediately evokes the image of high walls, bars, and the loss of personal liberty.
- Physical Aspect
- A building with cells, guards, and restricted access.
- Legal Aspect
- The state-sanctioned punishment for violating the penal code.
- Social Aspect
- A place of rehabilitation or isolation from the general public.
دزد را به زندان بردند تا مجازات شود.
Beyond the literal sense, 'Zendān' is often used to describe any situation where one feels trapped or restricted. For instance, a person in an unhappy marriage or a soul-crushing job might describe their situation as a 'prison'. This metaphorical usage is a hallmark of Persian poetry, where the physical world is often depicted as a 'Zendān' for the divine soul seeking to return to its origin. Understanding this word requires more than just knowing its English equivalent; it requires an appreciation for the gravity it holds in social discourse and the historical narratives of the region.
دنیا برای مومن مانند زندان است.
The word is also versatile in its grammatical combinations. It can be paired with verbs like 'andākhtan' (to throw into), 'raftan' (to go to), or 'keshidan' (to serve time). Each combination changes the nuance slightly, shifting from the act of incarceration to the experience of being incarcerated. In academic settings, you might encounter the term 'zendān-bāni' (penology or prison management), showing how the root word expands into specialized fields of study.
- Formal Usage
- Used in legal documents, news reports, and official government statements.
- Informal Usage
- Used to describe feeling stuck or being grounded by parents (metaphorically).
Using the word زندان correctly involves understanding its role as a noun and its common verbal pairings. In Persian, nouns often combine with 'light verbs' to create complex predicates. For 'Zendān', the most common light verbs are افتادن (oftādan), انداختن (andākhtan), and کشیدن (keshidan). Each of these conveys a different aspect of the prison experience.
- زندان افتادن (Zendān oftādan): Literally 'to fall into prison'. This is used to say someone was sent to jail. Example: او به خاطر بدهی به زندان افتاد. (He went to prison because of debt.)
- زندان انداختن (Zendān andākhtan): 'To throw into prison'. This is the active form, usually used when the police or a judge is the subject. Example: پلیس او را به زندان انداخت. (The police threw him in prison.)
- زندان کشیدن (Zendān keshidan): 'To pull/draw prison'. This means to serve a sentence. Example: او ده سال زندان کشید. (He served ten years in prison.)
When describing the location, the preposition در (dar) is used. However, when talking about the destination (going to prison), به (be) is the standard choice. It is also important to note the difference between 'Zendān' and 'Habs'. While 'Zendān' is the place, 'Habs' often refers to the state of being imprisoned or the sentence itself (e.g., 'Habs-e abad' for life imprisonment).
او در زندان کتابهای زیادی مطالعه کرد.
In formal writing, you might see 'Zendān' used as an adjective or part of a compound noun. For example, 'Zendān-e markazi' (Central Prison) or 'Zendān-bān' (Prison guard). The word is also used in political contexts, such as 'Zendāni-ye siyāsi' (Political prisoner). When using these terms, ensure that the 'ezafe' (the short 'e' sound connecting words) is clearly pronounced or written to maintain grammatical accuracy.
Finally, consider the register. While 'Zendān' is appropriate for all levels of formality, in very poetic or archaic contexts, you might encounter 'Habskhāneh' or 'Siyāh-chāl' (dungeon). However, for 99% of modern communication, 'Zendān' is the perfect and only word you need. Whether you are discussing legal reform, watching a crime drama, or reading a news report about a famous inmate, 'Zendān' will be your primary vocabulary tool.
The word زندان is ubiquitous in Persian media, literature, and daily conversation. Understanding where you are likely to encounter it will help you grasp its various shades of meaning. From the evening news to the verses of Rumi, 'Zendān' is a word that resonates across different layers of Iranian society.
1. News and Media
In the Iranian news cycle, 'Zendān' appears frequently in reports about the judiciary, crime rates, and social justice. You will hear phrases like 'Azādi az zendān' (Release from prison) especially during national holidays or religious events when amnesties are often granted. News anchors might report on 'Zendāniyān-e gheyr-e amdi' (Non-intentional prisoners), referring to those jailed for things like unintentional debts or accidents.
اخبار: امروز تعدادی از زندانیان به مناسبت عید آزاد شدند.
2. Cinema and Television
Persian cinema, known for its social realism, often features stories set in or around prisons. Dramas like 'Metri Shesh o Nim' (Just 6.5) or 'Sorkhpust' (The Warden) provide a deep look into the prison system. In these contexts, you'll hear the word used in high-stakes dialogue, often accompanied by legal jargon and emotional pleas from family members waiting outside the 'Zendān' gates.
3. Classical and Modern Literature
In Persian poetry, 'Zendān' is a powerful metaphor. Classical poets like Hafez and Rumi often described the physical body or the material world as a prison for the soul. Modern poets use it to describe political oppression or social stagnation. When reading Persian literature, always look for the deeper meaning when 'Zendān' is mentioned—it's rarely just about four walls and a roof.
4. Everyday Conversation
In daily life, people might use 'Zendān' hyperbolically. A student might say, 'این مدرسه مثل زندان است' (This school is like a prison) to express their frustration with strict rules. It's a common way to describe any restrictive environment. You might also hear it in the context of family history or storytelling, as many Iranian families have stories related to the country's turbulent political history.
While زندان is a straightforward noun, learners often make specific errors in its usage, particularly regarding collocations and synonyms. Avoiding these mistakes will make your Persian sound more natural and precise.
- Mistake 1: Using 'Zendān' for 'Arrest'
- Learners often say 'He was prisoned' when they mean 'He was arrested'. In Persian, 'arrested' is
بازداشت شد (bāzdāsht shod). 'Zendān' refers to the place where you go after the arrest and sentencing. - Mistake 2: Incorrect Light Verb
- Using
کردن (kardan)with 'Zendān' is a common error. While 'Zendāni kardan' (to imprison) is correct, saying 'Zendān kardan' is not. You should use 'Zendān andākhtan' or 'be zendān ferestādan'. - Mistake 3: Confusing 'Zendān' and 'Habs'
- As mentioned before, 'Habs' is the legal term for the sentence. You don't 'go to Habs'; you 'go to Zendān' to 'serve your Habs'.
❌ اشتباه: او را زندان کردند.
✅ درست: او را به زندان انداختند.
Another subtle mistake is the mispronunciation of the plural. Some learners try to use Arabic broken plurals (like 'Zanādin'), which do not exist for this word. Stick to the Persian زندانها (Zendānhā). Additionally, be careful with the word زندانی (Zendāni). It can mean both 'prisoner' (noun) and 'imprisoned' (adjective). Context is key here.
Finally, avoid using 'Zendān' for temporary detention centers. If someone is held for questioning for a few hours, the word is بازداشتگاه (bāzdāshtgāh). Using 'Zendān' in this context sounds overly dramatic and technically incorrect in a legal sense.
To truly master زندان, you should be aware of its synonyms and related terms. Persian has a rich vocabulary for confinement, each with its own specific nuance and context.
- بازداشتگاه (Bāzdāshtgāh)
- A detention center. This is where people are held temporarily before a trial or during an investigation. It is less permanent than a 'Zendān'.
- محبس (Mahbas)
- A more formal or literary word for prison, derived from the Arabic root for 'confinement'. You'll see this in older texts or very formal legal documents.
- سیاهچال (Siyāh-chāl)
- Literally 'black hole' or 'dungeon'. This refers to historical, underground prisons. Today, it's used metaphorically to describe a very dark and terrible place.
- قفس (Ghafas)
- Literally 'cage'. While usually for animals, it is frequently used in poetry and songs as a metaphor for prison or the lack of freedom.
تفاوت اصلی زندان و بازداشتگاه در مدت زمان اقامت است.
Another related term is انفرادی (Enferādi), which means 'solitary confinement'. This is an adjective often paired with 'Zendān' or 'Selleul' (cell). Understanding these distinctions helps you navigate news reports and literature more effectively. For example, if a news report says someone is in 'Enferādi', it implies a much harsher condition than just being in 'Zendān'.
In the context of reform and rehabilitation, you might hear the term ندامتگاه (Nedāmatgāh). This is a euphemism for prison, literally meaning 'place of regret'. It is often used in the official names of modern Iranian prisons (e.g., Nedāmatgāh-e Karaj) to emphasize the goal of rehabilitation over mere punishment.
How Formal Is It?
難易度
知っておくべき文法
Compound nouns with -bān
Light verb constructions
Passive voice with 'shodan'
Prepositions of place (dar vs be)
Ezafe construction
レベル別の例文
آن ساختمان بزرگ زندان است.
That big building is a prison.
Simple noun usage as a subject complement.
او در زندان کار میکند.
He works in the prison.
Use of 'dar' to indicate location.
زندان کجاست؟
Where is the prison?
Basic question structure.
برادرم به زندان رفت.
My brother went to prison.
Use of 'be' for destination.
زندان دیوارهای بلندی دارد.
The prison has high walls.
Descriptive sentence with 'dārad'.
من زندان را دوست ندارم.
I do not like prison.
Simple negative sentence.
او در زندان است.
He is in prison.
Present tense of 'to be'.
آیا این یک زندان است؟
Is this a prison?
Basic interrogative.
دزد به زندان افتاد.
The thief fell into prison (went to jail).
Introduction of the light verb 'oftādan'.
او دو سال در زندان بود.
He was in prison for two years.
Past tense with duration.
پلیس او را به زندان برد.
The police took him to prison.
Active sentence with 'bordan'.
زندانیان غذا میخورند.
The prisoners are eating food.
Plural noun 'Zendāniyān'.
او از زندان آزاد شد.
He was released from prison.
Passive construction 'āzād shod'.
نگهبان زندان مهربان نیست.
Compound noun 'Negahbān-e zendān'.
او برای دیدن دوستش به زندان رفت.
He went to prison to see his friend.
Purpose clause with 'barāye'.
در این شهر زندان وجود ندارد.
There is no prison in this city.
Existence with 'vojud nadārad'.
قاضی او را به پنج سال زندان محکوم کرد.
The judge sentenced him to five years in prison.
Legal terminology 'mahkum kardan'.
فرار از زندان کار بسیار سختی است.
Escaping from prison is a very difficult task.
Gerund-like usage of 'Farār'.
او تمام عمرش را در زندان کشید.
He served his whole life in prison.
Idiomatic use of 'keshidan'.
شرایط زندان باید بهتر شود.
Prison conditions must improve.
Modal verb 'bāyad'.
او به خاطر جرمی که انجام نداده بود به زندان افتاد.
He went to prison for a crime he hadn't committed.
Relative clause 'ke anjām nadāde bud'.
خانوادهاش هر هفته به ملاقات او در زندان میروند.
His family goes to visit him in prison every week.
Noun 'molāghāt' (visit).
او در زندان زبان انگلیسی یاد گرفت.
He learned English in prison.
Setting a scene in the past.
بسیاری از زندانیان پس از آزادی به جامعه برمیگردند.
Many prisoners return to society after release.
Complex sentence with 'pas az'.
این اتاق برای من مثل یک زندان است.
This room is like a prison for me.
Metaphorical usage.
دولت قصد دارد زندانهای جدیدی بسازد.
The government intends to build new prisons.
Formal verb 'ghasd dārad'.
حقوق زندانیان باید در هر شرایطی رعایت شود.
Prisoners' rights must be respected under all circumstances.
Passive voice 'reāyat shavad'.
او خاطرات خود را از دوران زندان نوشت.
He wrote his memoirs from his time in prison.
Compound noun 'dowrān-e zendān'.
نظام قضایی به دنبال جایگزینی برای زندان است.
The judicial system is looking for an alternative to prison.
Abstract noun 'jāygozin'.
او به حبس ابد در زندان مرکزی محکوم شد.
He was sentenced to life imprisonment in the central prison.
Specific legal term 'habs-e abad'.
زندانبان کلیدها را در جیبش گذاشت.
The prison guard put the keys in his pocket.
Compound noun 'Zendān-bān'.
او از طریق آموزش در زندان، زندگی خود را تغییر داد.
He changed his life through education in prison.
Prepositional phrase 'az tarigh-e'.
عطار معتقد بود که تن زندان روح است.
Attar believed that the body is the prison of the soul.
Literary/Philosophical context.
ادبیات زندان بخش مهمی از تاریخ معاصر ایران است.
Prison literature is an important part of contemporary Iranian history.
Academic subject 'Adabiyāt-e zendān'.
او با نوشتن شعر، دیوارهای زندان را در هم شکست.
By writing poetry, he broke down the prison walls.
Figurative language.
سیاستهای جنایی جدید بر کاهش جمعیت زندانها تمرکز دارد.
New criminal policies focus on reducing the prison population.
Technical term 'Siyāset-hāye jenāyi'.
او در سلول انفرادی به خودشناسی رسید.
He reached self-knowledge in solitary confinement.
Specific term 'selul-e enferādi'.
ندامتگاههای مدرن بیشتر بر بازپروری تاکید دارند تا تنبیه.
Modern penitentiaries emphasize rehabilitation more than punishment.
Use of euphemism 'Nedāmatgāh'.
او از سیاه-چالهای تاریخ به روشنایی آزادی رسید.
He reached the light of freedom from the dungeons of history.
Archaic synonym 'Siyāh-chāl'.
زندانی کردن اندیشهها ناممکن است.
Imprisoning thoughts is impossible.
Gerund as a subject.
مفهوم زندان در آثار فوکو به عنوان ابزار قدرت تحلیل شده است.
The concept of prison in Foucault's works is analyzed as an instrument of power.
High-level academic discourse.
او در تنگنای هستی، جهان را زندانی بزرگ میپنداشت.
In the narrowness of existence, he perceived the world as a vast prison.
Complex literary structure.
تجلی زندان در اشعار مسعود سعد سلمان، بنمایه اصلی رنج اوست.
The manifestation of prison in Mas'ud Sa'd Salman's poems is the main motif of his suffering.
Literary criticism terminology.
ساختار پاناپتیکون در معماری زندانهای نوین به چشم میخورد.
The Panopticon structure is visible in the architecture of modern prisons.
Specialized architectural/sociological term.
او با رویکردی الغاگرایانه، خواستار برچیده شدن نهاد زندان شد.
With an abolitionist approach, he called for the dismantling of the institution of prison.
Advanced political vocabulary 'Alghā-garāyāne'.
زندان، در این درام، استعارهای از بنبستهای اخلاقی قهرمان داستان است.
Prison, in this drama, is a metaphor for the protagonist's moral deadlocks.
Metaphorical analysis.
واکاوی روانشناختی تاثیرات حبس طولانیمدت در زندان، ضرورتی انکارناپذیر است.
The psychological analysis of the effects of long-term incarceration in prison is an undeniable necessity.
Formal academic 'Vākāvi'.
او در ورای میلههای زندان، به حقیقتی متعالی دست یافت.
Beyond the prison bars, he attained a transcendent truth.
Mystical/Transcendental language.
よく使う組み合わせ
よく使うフレーズ
よく混同される語
慣用句と表現
間違えやすい
Temporary detention vs permanent prison.
The state of being confined vs the building.
A specific ward or section within a prison.
The individual room (cell) within the prison.
Solitary confinement specifically.
文型パターン
使い方
Distinguish between 'Habs' (sentence) and 'Zendān' (place).
Commonly used to describe any restrictive situation.
- Using 'Zendān kardan' instead of 'Zendāni kardan'.
- Forgetting the preposition 'be' in 'be zendān raftan'.
- Confusing 'Zendān' with 'Ghafas' (cage).
- Using 'Zendān' for a 2-hour police detention.
- Mispronouncing the plural as 'Zanādin'.
ヒント
Verb Pairing
Always pair 'Zendān' with 'oftādan' for the passive 'going to jail' and 'andākhtan' for the active 'putting in jail'.
Synonym Choice
Use 'Nedāmatgāh' if you want to sound like an official government spokesperson.
Historical Context
Remember that many famous Persian poets wrote 'Zendān-nāmeh' (prison poems).
The 'A' Sound
Ensure the 'ā' in 'Zendān' is deep and long, not short like 'cat'.
Metaphorical Use
Don't be afraid to use 'Zendān' to describe a boring office or a strict school.
Habs vs Zendān
Use 'Habs' when discussing the number of years of a sentence.
Sensitivity
Be aware that 'Zendān' can be a sensitive topic in political conversations.
Compound Words
Learn 'Zendān-bān' and 'Zendāni' together to build your word family.
News Keywords
When you hear 'ghazāyi' (judicial), expect 'Zendān' to follow soon.
Root Meaning
Knowing it comes from 'guarding' helps you remember its meaning as a place of confinement.
暗記しよう
記憶術
Think of 'Zen' and 'Dan'. If you lose your Zen in the Dan (den), you might end up in Zendān.
語源
Middle Persian
文化的な背景
The Iranian legal system uses 'Nedāmatgāh' (Place of Regret) as an official term for many prisons.
There is a strong social stigma attached to being a former prisoner, though this varies by the nature of the crime.
Prison poetry is a major genre in Persian literature.
実生活で練習する
実際の使用場面
会話のきっかけ
"آیا تا به حال فیلمی درباره زندان دیدهای؟"
"نظر تو درباره سیستم زندانها چیست؟"
"در کشور تو، زندانها چگونه هستند؟"
"آیا فکر میکنی زندان راه خوبی برای تربیت مجرمان است؟"
"درباره زندانهای مشهور تاریخ چه میدانی؟"
日記のテーマ
اگر مجبور بودی یک سال در زندان باشی، چه کتابی با خود میبردی؟
توصیف کنید که چرا برخی افراد دنیا را مثل یک زندان میبینند.
داستانی درباره کسی بنویسید که به اشتباه به زندان افتاده است.
آیا آزادی همیشه بهتر از زندان است؟ چرا؟
نقش زندان در جامعه مدرن را تحلیل کنید.
よくある質問
10 問Zendān is a long-term prison for convicted criminals. Bāzdāshthāye is a temporary detention center for those awaiting trial or questioning.
The most common way is 'be zendān oftādan' (to fall into prison).
Yes, it is the standard word used in both formal and informal Persian.
It means 'release from prison' or 'freedom from prison'.
No, for animals we use 'Ghafas' (cage).
A prison guard is called a 'Zendān-bān'.
It is called 'Habs-e abad'.
Yes, the plural is 'Zendānhā'.
It is called 'Zendān-e enferādi' or just 'Enferādi'.
It is often used as a metaphor for the physical world or the human body trapping the soul.
自分をテスト 180 問
/ 180 correct
Perfect score!
Summary
Zendān (زندان) is the standard Persian word for prison. It is essential for understanding legal, social, and literary contexts. Remember to use the correct light verbs like 'oftādan' and 'keshidan' to sound like a native speaker.
- Zendān means prison or jail in Persian.
- It is used both literally (legal building) and metaphorically (feeling trapped).
- Common verbs include 'oftādan' (to go to) and 'andākhtan' (to throw into).
- It is a key concept in Persian literature and social discourse.
Verb Pairing
Always pair 'Zendān' with 'oftādan' for the passive 'going to jail' and 'andākhtan' for the active 'putting in jail'.
Synonym Choice
Use 'Nedāmatgāh' if you want to sound like an official government spokesperson.
Historical Context
Remember that many famous Persian poets wrote 'Zendān-nāmeh' (prison poems).
The 'A' Sound
Ensure the 'ā' in 'Zendān' is deep and long, not short like 'cat'.
関連コンテンツ
lawの関連語
ضابطه
B1権威によって作成および維持される規則または指令。
دادگاه
A2裁判所または法廷。法的な事件が審理される場所です。
دادخواست
B2民事裁判所に提出される正式な訴状。
ضامن
B1Guarantor, surety; a person who gives a guarantee.
دزد
A2泥棒とは、他人の財産を盗む人のことです。
غیر قانونی
A2Not permitted by law; unlawful.
غیرقانونی
A2Not permitted by law; illegal.
غیرمجازاً
B2In an impermissible or unlawful manner.
جنایت کردن
A2殺人や重大な窃盗などの重大な犯罪を犯すこと。暴力や基本的人権の侵害を伴う、極めて重大とみなされる違法行為を実行すること。
جرم
A1犯罪または法律違反。
