B1 · 中級 チャプター 11

Possibilities and Purposes

2 トータルルール
21 例文
7 分
このチャプターのルール クイック練習

Chapter in 30 Seconds

Master the art of nuance by expressing possibilities and defining your intentions with native-level confidence.

  • Formulate sentences expressing uncertainty using the subjunctive mood.
  • Explain the purpose behind your actions with purposeful conjunctions.
  • Connect facts and intentions to make your French sound more sophisticated.
Speak with purpose and embrace the beauty of uncertainty.

学べること

Hey there, future French speaker! Get ready for a super exciting chapter where you'll unlock the power to talk about possibilities and purposes. This isn't just about grammar; it's about making your French conversations way more dynamic and real! Ever wanted to say

Maybe it will rain tomorrow
or "I'm doing this so that you can relax"? That's exactly what you'll master here. You'll learn essential phrases like il est possible que and il se peut que to express 'maybe' or 'it might be' with native flair. Imagine telling a friend your weekend plans, but they're not set in stone yet – these phrases are your go-to! We'll also tackle Le fait que (the fact that), which lets you introduce a known fact and then share your opinion or feelings about it, making your discussions more nuanced and engaging. And for those times you want to explain *why* you're doing something, especially for someone else's benefit, you'll learn to use pour que and afin que (both meaning 'so that' or 'in order that'). This is perfect for explaining your actions, like "I'm studying French so that I can talk to my friends." Don't let the word 'subjunctive' scare you! It's simply a way French uses verbs after these specific phrases to show uncertainty, desire, or purpose. It's actually quite intuitive and beautiful once you get the hang of it. By the end of this chapter, you'll be able to express possibilities, state opinions on facts, and clearly articulate the reasons behind your actions. You'll sound more natural and confident, making your French journey even more rewarding. Let's dive in!

Learning Objectives

By the end of this chapter, you will be able to:

  1. 1
    By the end you will be able to: Use the subjunctive mood to express possibility regarding future events.
  2. 2
    By the end you will be able to: Articulate clear goals using 'pour que' and 'afin que' in written correspondence.

チャプターガイド

Overview

Hey there, future French speaker! Welcome to this super exciting chapter designed to dramatically enhance your ability to express possibilities and purposes in French. If you're a B1 French learner looking to sound more natural and sophisticated, you've come to the right place.
This isn't just about memorizing rules; it's about unlocking dynamic new ways to communicate your thoughts and intentions, making your French conversations richer and more authentic.
Imagine being able to discuss uncertain plans, express opinions on established facts, or clearly articulate *why* you're doing something for someone else's benefit. This French grammar guide will show you how. We'll dive into essential phrases like il est possible que and il se peut que for talking about 'maybe' or 'it might be', giving your statements a native flair.
You'll also master Le fait que to introduce facts and then share your perspective, adding nuance to your discussions.
Crucially, you'll learn to use pour que and afin que (both meaning 'so that' or 'in order that') to explain your motivations, especially when your actions are aimed at helping someone else. Don't be intimidated by the word 'subjunctive' – it’s a beautiful and intuitive part of French grammar that simply reflects uncertainty, desire, or purpose. By the end of this chapter, you'll confidently navigate these expressions, making your B1 French sound more natural and confident than ever before.
Let's make your French journey even more rewarding!

How This Grammar Works

This chapter introduces you to powerful structures that often trigger the French subjunctive mood. The subjunctive is used to express things like doubt, desire, emotion, necessity, or purpose. When you use phrases that indicate possibility or purpose, French naturally shifts to this mood.
First, let's talk about expressing 'maybe' or 'it might be'. We use il est possible que (it is possible that) and il se peut que (it might be that). Both phrases convey uncertainty and *always* require the subjunctive in the following clause.
For example: Il est possible qu'il vienne (It is possible that he comes/might come). Or, Il se peut qu'elle soit en retard (It might be that she is late). Remember, the subjunctive form changes based on the subject, so knowing your subjunctive conjugations for common verbs is key for B1 French.
Next, for expressing an opinion or feeling about an established fact, we use Le fait que (The fact that). This phrase also triggers the subjunctive because it expresses a subjective reaction to a fact, rather than stating the fact itself objectively. For instance: Le fait qu'il pleuve me déprime (The fact that it's raining depresses me).
Here, pleuve is the subjunctive form of pleuvoir (to rain).
Finally, to explain the purpose or reason behind an action, especially when it benefits someone or something else, we use pour que (so that / in order that) and afin que (so that / in order that). These are interchangeable in most contexts, with afin que being slightly more formal. Both demand the subjunctive.
For example: J'étudie pour que tu sois fier de moi (I study so that you are proud of me). Or, Nous travaillons dur afin que le projet réussisse (We work hard in order that the project succeeds). These phrases are essential for giving a clear purpose in French and are a hallmark of advanced B1 French grammar.

Common Mistakes

  1. 1✗ Wrong: Il est possible qu'il vient. (It is possible that he comes.)
✓ Correct: Il est possible qu'il vienne. (It is possible that he comes/might come.)
*Explanation:* Phrases expressing possibility like il est possible que and il se peut que *always* require the subjunctive mood in the dependent clause. Vient is indicative; vienne is subjunctive.
  1. 1✗ Wrong: Je fais ça pour tu apprends. (I do that for you learn.)
✓ Correct: Je fais ça pour que tu apprennes. (I do that so that you learn.)
*Explanation:* When expressing purpose with a different subject in the dependent clause (here, tu), you must use pour que (or afin que) followed by the subjunctive. If the subject were the same, you'd use pour + infinitive (e.g., Je fais ça pour apprendre - I do that to learn).
  1. 1✗ Wrong: Le fait qu'il est en retard m'énerve. (The fact that he is late annoys me.)
✓ Correct: Le fait qu'il soit en retard m'énerve. (The fact that he is late annoys me.)
*Explanation:* Similar to possibility phrases, Le fait que also triggers the subjunctive when expressing a subjective reaction or opinion about a fact. Est is indicative; soit is subjunctive.

Real Conversations

A

A

Il est possible qu'il fasse beau ce week-end. (It is possible that the weather will be nice this weekend.)
B

B

Oh, j'espère qu'il fasse beau pour que nous puissions aller à la plage ! (Oh, I hope it's nice so that we can go to the beach!)
A

A

Le fait que tu aies réussi cet examen me rend très fier. (The fact that you passed this exam makes me very proud.)
B

B

Merci ! J'ai étudié très dur afin que mes parents soient contents. (Thanks! I studied very hard so that my parents would be happy.)
A

A

Il se peut que Marie arrive plus tard à cause des embouteillages. (It might be that Marie arrives later because of traffic jams.)
B

B

D'accord. Préparons le dîner pour qu'elle n'ait pas à attendre. (Okay. Let's prepare dinner so that she doesn't have to wait.)

Quick FAQ

Q

What's the main difference between pour que and afin que in French?

Both mean so that or in order that and take the subjunctive. Afin que is generally considered slightly more formal or literary than pour que, but they are often interchangeable in everyday conversation.

Q

Do I *always* use the subjunctive after il est possible que and il se peut que?

Yes, these phrases *always* trigger the subjunctive mood in the dependent clause because they express uncertainty or possibility rather than certainty.

Q

How can I recognize subjunctive verb forms easily, especially for B1 French?

Many regular subjunctive forms share endings with the indicative present tense (e.g., -e, -es, -e, -ent for -er verbs), but the nous and vous forms often differ. Irregular verbs like être (sois, soit, soyons, soyez, soient) and avoir (aie, aies, ait, ayons, ayez, aient) are common and worth memorizing. Context is key!

Q

Is Le fait que commonly used in spoken French, or is it more formal?

Le fait que is used in both spoken and written French, though it can sound a bit more formal than simply stating an opinion directly. It's a useful phrase for adding nuance and structure to your arguments.

Cultural Context

These expressions are deeply integrated into daily French conversation, allowing speakers to convey a spectrum of nuances from polite uncertainty to clear intent. You'll hear il est possible que and il se peut que frequently in discussions about plans, weather, or future events, reflecting a common desire to avoid definitive statements. Pour que is omnipresent when explaining motivations, especially in interpersonal contexts.
While afin que is slightly more formal, it's still used in everyday situations where a touch of seriousness or clarity is desired. Mastering these phrases will make your French sound much more authentic and less like a direct translation from English.

重要な例文 (4)

1

Il est possible que je vienne à la fête ce soir.

今夜のパーティーに行くかもしれません。

「たぶん」と言う方法：'il est possible que' ＋ 接続法
2

Il est possible que tu sois le gagnant du concours.

君がコンテストの勝者である可能性があります。

「たぶん」と言う方法：'il est possible que' ＋ 接続法
3

Je t'envoie un message pour que tu n'oublies pas notre rendez-vous.

待ち合わせを忘れないように、君にメッセージを送るね。

目的を伝える：'pour que' と 'afin que'（接続法）の使い方
4

Il parle fort pour que tout le monde l'entende.

みんなに聞こえるように、彼は大きな声で話します。

目的を伝える：'pour que' と 'afin que'（接続法）の使い方

ヒントとコツ (2)

💡

「Que」が接続法の合図！

フランス語で 'que' はゲートのような役割です。
il est possible que
を見たら、後ろの動詞を接続法に変える準備をしましょう！
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 「たぶん」と言う方法：'il est possible que' ＋ 接続法
💡

「Que」は接続法の合図

目的や願望を表す言葉の後に que が出てきたら、すぐに「接続法レーダー」を起動させましょう！
Je le dis pour que tu saches.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 目的を伝える：'pour que' と 'afin que'（接続法）の使い方

重要な語彙 (6)

possible possible afin que so that douter to doubt le but the goal peut-être maybe pour que so that

Real-World Preview

calendar

Planning a Weekend

Review Summary

  • Il est possible que + [subject] + [verb in subjunctive]
  • [Action] + pour que / afin que + [subject] + [verb in subjunctive]

よくある間違い

Never use the indicative (va) after 'il est possible que'. You must use the subjunctive (vienne).

Wrong: Il est possible qu'il va venir.
正解: Il est possible qu'il vienne.

The verb 'pouvoir' is irregular in the subjunctive; 'puisse' is the correct form.

Wrong: Je fais ça pour que je peux réussir.
正解: Je fais ça pour que je puisse réussir.

Remember to use elision (qu'il) and the correct subjunctive ending (-e for third person).

Wrong: Afin que il part.
正解: Afin qu'il parte.

Next Steps

You are making incredible progress! Keep practicing these structures in your daily life, and soon they will feel like second nature.

Write a diary entry about your hypothetical plans for next month.

Continue to: Talking About Time and Deadlines

クイック練習 (6)

間違いを見つけて直しましょう

Find and fix the mistake:

Je porte un manteau pour que je n'aie pas froid.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Je porte un manteau pour ne pas avoir froid.
主語が同じ (Je/Je) なので、 pour que + 接続法ではなく pour + 不定詞を使うのが自然です。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 目的を伝える：'pour que' と 'afin que'（接続法）の使い方

être の正しい接続法の形を入れましょう。

Il est possible que tu ___ en retard.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: sois
il est possible que
の後、二人称単数 'tu' に対応する接続法は 'sois' です。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 「たぶん」と言う方法：'il est possible que' ＋ 接続法

文法的に正しい文章はどれ？

目的を正しく表現しているものを選んでください：

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Je parle pour que tu m'entendes.
pour que の後は接続法 (entendes) でなければなりません。1番は直説法、3番は que が抜けています。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 目的を伝える：'pour que' と 'afin que'（接続法）の使い方

正しい動詞の形を入れましょう

J'achète des fleurs pour que ma mère ____ (être) contente.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: soit
être の接続法三人称単数形は soit です。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 目的を伝える：'pour que' と 'afin que'（接続法）の使い方

この文章の間違いを見つけて直しましょう。

Find and fix the mistake:

Il est possible que nous avons faim.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Il est possible que nous ayons faim.
'avoir' はこの表現の後では接続法 'ayons' になります。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 「たぶん」と言う方法：'il est possible que' ＋ 接続法

文法的に正しい文章を選んでください。

正しい選択肢を選んでください：

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Il est possible qu'il vienne.
'que' と接続法の形 'vienne' の両方が必要です。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 「たぶん」と言う方法：'il est possible que' ＋ 接続法

Score: /6

よくある質問 (4)

接続法は、主観的な気持ち、疑い、可能性、必要性を表すための「モード」です。事実を伝える直説法とは違い、「そうかもしれないけど確定していないこと」に使います。
「可能性がある」というのは事実ではなく、不確かな推測だからです。フランス語では不確かなことを導入する際、文法が接続法に切り替わります。 "Il est possible qu'il pleuve."
「〜するために」や「〜するように」という意味です。ある行動が、自分以外の人に影響を与える目的がある時に使います。
Je le fais pour que tu sois heureux.
ビジネスメールや公式な文書など、フォーマルな場面で使います。 pour que の上品なバージョンだと考えてください。
Afin que vous puissiez décider...
前のチャプター
Expressing Doubt and Uncertainty
次のチャプター
Talking About Time and Deadlines
ロードマップに戻る