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B1 verb 10分で読める

s'enfler

例文 s'enfler 30秒で
解説 s'enfler in your Level:
At the A1 level, you should focus on the most basic meaning of 's'enfler': something getting bigger. Think about when you hurt yourself. If you hit your hand, it might get 'big'. In simple French, we say 'ça s'enfle'. At this level, you don't need to worry about the complex grammar, but you should recognize that the 's'' in front of the verb means it is happening to the object itself. You might hear a doctor say 'C'est enflé' (It is swollen). This is a useful word to know for basic health needs. For example, if you go to a pharmacy, you can point to your foot and say 'Mon pied s'enfle'. It's a simple way to explain a physical problem. You can also think of 'enflé' like a balloon getting larger. Even though 'gonfler' is more common for balloons, 's'enfler' helps you describe things that are growing in size in a way that looks a bit painful or unnatural. Try to remember it as 'getting big because of a problem'.
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At the A2 level, you can start using 's'enfler' to talk about common injuries and simple descriptions. You should learn the passé composé form: 's'est enflé'. For example, 'Mon genou s'est enflé après le match' (My knee swelled up after the match). Notice that we use 'être' as the helping verb because it is a reflexive verb. You should also understand the difference between 'gonfler' (to blow up something like a balloon) and 's'enfler' (to swell up like a body part). At this level, you can also use it for simple weather descriptions, like a river 's'enflant' after a lot of rain. It's a great verb to add to your vocabulary for talking about your body, your health, and the world around you. You might also encounter the adjective 'enflé' more often, as in 'J'ai les yeux enflés' (I have swollen eyes). Practice using it with different body parts: 'le bras', 'la main', 'le doigt'.
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At the B1 level, you are expected to use 's'enfler' in both physical and metaphorical contexts. You should be comfortable with its reflexive conjugation in various tenses (présent, passé composé, futur simple). A key B1 skill is using the word to describe abstract concepts. For instance, you can talk about a rumor 's'enflant' in a town, or a person 's'enflant d'orgueil' (swelling with pride). This shows a deeper understanding of French nuances. You should also be able to distinguish 's'enfler' from synonyms like 'grossir' or 's'amplifier'. In a medical context, you can describe symptoms more accurately: 'La piqûre a fait s'enfler ma main'. You should also be aware of the common idiom 'avoir la grosse tête' which is related to the idea of 's'enfler la tête'. Using 's'enfler' correctly in these varied situations will help you reach a more intermediate level of fluency and allow you to describe both physical sensations and social situations with more precision.
At the B2 level, you should understand the stylistic choices between 's'enfler' and its synonyms. You might use 's'enfler' in more formal writing or when you want to evoke a specific image of internal pressure. You should be able to handle complex sentence structures, such as 'Bien que sa cheville se soit enflée, il a continué à courir' (Although his ankle swelled up, he continued to run). This level also requires an understanding of the word in socio-political contexts, such as 'la polémique ne cesse de s'enfler' (the controversy keeps growing). You should recognize the subtle difference between 'gonfler' (often intentional or mechanical) and 's'enfler' (often spontaneous or organic). Furthermore, you can explore the use of 'enfler' in literature, where it might describe sails, clouds, or the rising tide. Your ability to use the verb in these varied, more sophisticated contexts will demonstrate a high level of linguistic competence and an appreciation for the 'flavor' of different French words.
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At the C1 level, you should have a nuanced command of 's'enfler', including its less common and more literary uses. You should be able to use it to describe subtle shifts in tone or atmosphere, such as 'le mécontentement populaire s'enflait de jour en jour' (popular discontent was swelling day by day). You should also be familiar with the historical or etymological roots of the word, coming from the Latin 'inflare', and how it relates to English 'inflate'. At this level, you can use 's'enfler' to criticize or analyze literature and rhetoric, perhaps discussing how a writer's style 's'enfle' with grandiosity. You should also be aware of the slang or informal uses, such as 'se faire enfler' (to get ripped off or cheated), though you should use these with caution. Your mastery should include the ability to use the verb in all moods, including the subjunctive and conditional, to express hypothetical or nuanced situations: 'Il craignait que la situation ne s'enflât au-delà de tout contrôle'.
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At the C2 level, 's'enfler' becomes a tool for precise and evocative expression. You can use it to create vivid imagery in creative writing or to provide sophisticated analysis in academic contexts. You should be able to distinguish the finest shades of meaning between 's'enfler', 'se boursoufler', 'se distendre', and 'se dilater'. For example, you might use 'se boursoufler' for a blistered surface but 's'enfler' for a deep tissue injury. You should be comfortable with the verb in archaic or highly formal contexts, recognizing its use in classical French poetry or drama. Your usage should reflect an instinctive understanding of the word's prosody and how it contributes to the rhythm of a sentence. Whether you are discussing the 'inflation' of the universe in a scientific paper or the 'swelling' of a character's ego in a literary critique, your use of 's'enfler' should be indistinguishable from that of a highly educated native speaker, showing complete control over its semantic range and stylistic possibilities.
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例文

s'enfler 30秒で

  • A reflexive verb primarily meaning 'to swell' or 'to inflate' due to internal pressure, injuries, or natural growth processes in various contexts.
  • Commonly used in medical situations for inflammation and in psychological contexts to describe someone becoming arrogant or 'swelling with pride'.
  • Requires the auxiliary verb 'être' in compound tenses and must always be used with reflexive pronouns (me, te, se, nous, vous, se).
  • Distinct from 'gonfler' (often manual inflation) and 'grossir' (general size/weight increase), focusing instead on the dynamic process of expansion.

The French verb s'enfler is a reflexive verb that primarily describes the process of something becoming larger, more voluminous, or distended. While it is most frequently encountered in medical or physical contexts—such as a body part swelling due to an injury—it also carries significant metaphorical weight in French literature and daily conversation. Understanding s'enfler requires recognizing that the change in size is usually internal or automatic, rather than being manually inflated like a balloon (where gonfler might be more common).

Physical Context
This is the most literal use. When you trip and sprain your ankle, the tissues react, fluid accumulates, and the area grows. You would say, 'Ma cheville commence à s'enfler.' It implies a natural, often painful, physiological reaction to trauma or infection.

Après avoir été piqué par une guêpe, son bras a commencé à s'enfler de manière inquiétante.

Metaphorical Context
In a figurative sense, s'enfler is used to describe the growth of abstract concepts like pride, rumors, or even prices. When someone becomes arrogant, we say they are s'enflant d'orgueil (swelling with pride). This suggests an ego that is expanding beyond its healthy or natural boundaries.

In terms of frequency, you will hear this word in doctors' offices, sports locker rooms, and in news reports discussing 'inflated' budgets or growing social movements. It conveys a sense of pressure from within. For example, if a river is rising due to heavy rain, one might say la rivière s'enfle, suggesting the water is pushing against the banks with increasing force. This nuance of internal pressure is key to mastering the word.

La rumeur continue de s'enfler dans tout le village malgré les démentis du maire.

Formal vs. Informal
While 'gonfler' is very common in everyday speech, 's'enfler' often feels slightly more precise or clinical when referring to injuries. However, in idioms like 's'enfler la tête,' it is perfectly standard across all registers of French.

Ultimately, s'enfler captures the dynamic of expansion. Whether it is a physical reaction to a bee sting, a river filling with rainwater, or a person's ego expanding after a promotion, the word describes a transition from a normal state to an enlarged, pressurized state. By using s'enfler, you highlight the process of growth and the resulting state of being 'full' or 'tight'.

Using s'enfler correctly requires attention to its reflexive nature and the specific context of the expansion. Since it is a pronominal verb, you must always include the reflexive pronoun (me, te, se, nous, vous, se) that matches the subject. This indicates that the subject is the one experiencing the swelling.

Physical Injuries
When a part of the body swells, use the definite article (le, la, les) rather than a possessive adjective (mon, ton, son) if the ownership is clear from the reflexive pronoun. Example: 'Je me suis enflé la cheville' (I swelled my ankle/My ankle swelled up) or 'Mon genou s'est enflé'.

Si tu ne mets pas de glace immédiatement, ton doigt va s'enfler davantage.

Abstract Growth
When describing feelings or social phenomena, s'enfler is often followed by the preposition de. Example: 'Son cœur s'enfle de joie' (His heart swells with joy). This construction shows the cause of the expansion.

La colère de la foule ne cessait de s'enfler au fur et à mesure que les heures passaient.

Another common pattern involves the use of s'enfler with body parts to describe arrogance. S'enfler la tête means to become conceited. For instance, 'Il ne faut pas qu'il se laisse s'enfler la tête par ce succès' (He shouldn't let this success go to his head). This usage is very common in colloquial French.

Natural Phenomena
In literature, you might see it describing sails or clouds. 'Les voiles s'enflent sous la brise' (The sails swell under the breeze). This evokes a sense of grace and power as the object fills with air.

Le torrent s'est mis à s'enfler après l'orage violent de la nuit dernière.

To use the word naturally, remember that it implies a change of state. It is not just about being big; it is about becoming big. If you want to describe the result, use the adjective enflé. If you want to describe the action as it happens, use the verb s'enfler. This distinction will help you sound more like a native speaker who understands the nuances of French verbal aspects.

The verb s'enfler is versatile and appears in various domains of French life. From the doctor's office to the sports field and even in political commentary, its presence is felt wherever expansion or inflation is discussed. Understanding these contexts will help you recognize the word when you hear it in the wild.

Medical and Health Settings
If you visit a 'médecin' or an 'infirmier' for an injury, they will likely ask if the area has swollen. You might hear: 'Est-ce que ça a commencé à s'enfler tout de suite après le choc ?' (Did it start swelling immediately after the impact?). It is the standard term for inflammation-related expansion.

Le docteur a dit que ma gorge allait s'enfler un peu à cause de l'angine.

Sports and Physical Activity
Athletes frequently use this word. After a hard tackle in soccer or a fall in skiing, the first concern is often whether the joint will 's'enfler'. Coaches might say, 'Mets de la glace avant que ça ne s'enfle trop' (Put some ice on it before it swells too much).

In the realm of social dynamics and psychology, you will hear s'enfler used to criticize someone's ego. A common expression is 'enfler la tête à quelqu'un' (to give someone a big head). Friends might warn each other: 'Ne lui dis pas qu'il est le meilleur, ça va lui enfler la tête' (Don't tell him he's the best, it'll go to his head).

La polémique sur les réseaux sociaux ne fait que s'enfler depuis ce matin.

Literature and Poetry
When reading French novels, you'll encounter s'enfler in descriptions of nature. A character might watch the sails of a ship s'enfler as it leaves the harbor, or observe the clouds s'enfler before a storm. In these cases, it adds a descriptive, almost rhythmic quality to the prose.

Whether you are listening to a podcast about health, watching a sports match, or reading a classic novel, s'enfler is a key verb for describing growth that feels organic, inevitable, or under pressure. Its usage bridges the gap between the purely physical and the deeply metaphorical, making it a powerful tool for any B1-level learner.

Learning s'enfler involves navigating a few linguistic traps that often catch English speakers off guard. Because English uses the single verb 'to swell' for many situations, the nuances of the French reflexive form and its alternatives can be confusing.

Forgetting the Reflexive Pronoun
One of the most common errors is saying 'Ma jambe enfle' instead of 'Ma jambe s'enfle'. While 'enfler' can exist as a transitive verb (meaning to cause something to swell), in almost all cases involving body parts or natural growth, the reflexive 'se' is required to show the action is happening to the subject.

Incorrect: Le ballon enfle. Correct: Le ballon se gonfle (or s'enfle in poetic contexts).

Confusing 'S'enfler' with 'Gonfler'
While they are synonyms, gonfler is the more general term for 'to inflate'. You gonfles a tire or a balloon. S'enfler is more specific to pathological swelling (injuries) or metaphorical expansion (pride). Using s'enfler for a bicycle tire would sound very strange to a native speaker.

Another mistake involves the use of possessive adjectives. In English, we say 'My ankle is swelling.' In French, when using the reflexive verb, we usually say 'La cheville s'enfle' or 'Je me suis enflé la cheville'. Using 'Ma cheville s'est enflée' is also correct, but learners often struggle with the word order in the first construction.

Misusing the Metaphor
When talking about someone being arrogant, don't just say they are 'enflé'. You must use the full idiom 's'enfler la tête' or 'être enflé d'orgueil'. Simply saying 'Il est enflé' might make people think he has a physical medical condition rather than a big ego.

Attention : 'Enfler' can also be slang for 'to cheat someone' (l'avoir dans l'os / s'être fait enfler). Be careful with the context!

By being mindful of these distinctions—reflexive pronouns, 'être' in compound tenses, and the difference between physical and metaphorical inflation—you will avoid the most common pitfalls and use s'enfler with the precision of a native speaker.

While s'enfler is a very useful verb, French offers several other words to describe expansion, each with its own specific nuance. Choosing the right one depends on whether you are talking about a balloon, a medical condition, or a growing business.

S'enfler vs. Gonfler
Gonfler is the most common synonym. It is more versatile and can be used for physical inflation (air) or swelling. However, s'enfler sounds more 'organic'. You gonfles a balloon with a pump, but your knee s'enfle due to biology.
S'enfler vs. Grossir
Grossir means 'to get fat' or 'to grow larger' in a general sense. While s'enfler implies a state of being puffed up or distended (often temporary), grossir is more about permanent or structural growth. A person grossit if they eat too much; their face s'enfle if they have a toothache.

Le fleuve grossit (gets bigger/wider) vs. La rivière s'enfle (swells/bulges with pressure).

S'enfler vs. S'amplifier
S'amplifier is used for sounds, phenomena, or intensity. A sound s'amplifie. A social movement can both s'amplifier (get more intense) and s'enfler (get more participants/bigger in size).
S'enfler vs. Se distendre
Se distendre is a more technical or medical term meaning 'to stretch' or 'to become distended'. It is often used for the stomach or internal organs. It lacks the 'puffed up' connotation of s'enfler.

In summary, choose s'enfler when you want to emphasize the internal pressure or the 'puffed up' nature of the expansion. Use gonfler for general inflation, grossir for general size increase, and s'amplifier for intensity. This nuanced approach will make your French sound much more sophisticated.

Comparaison : Son ego s'enfle (it's getting bigger/puffed up) vs. Le bruit s'amplifie (it's getting louder).

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レベル別の例文

1

Mon doigt s'enfle.

My finger is swelling.

Reflexive verb in the present tense.

2

C'est tout enflé !

It's all swollen!

Using 'enflé' as an adjective.

3

Le pied s'enfle un peu.

The foot is swelling a little.

Use of the definite article 'le' with body parts.

4

Regarde, ça s'enfle.

Look, it's swelling up.

Informal use of 'ça' as the subject.

5

Ma main ne s'enfle pas.

My hand is not swelling.

Negative form of a reflexive verb.

6

Pourquoi ton bras s'enfle ?

Why is your arm swelling?

Question with 'pourquoi'.

7

Le ventre s'enfle.

The stomach is swelling.

Simple subject-verb agreement.

8

L'œil s'est enflé.

The eye has swollen up.

Passé composé with 'être'.

1

Ma cheville s'est enflée après la chute.

My ankle swelled up after the fall.

Agreement of the past participle with the feminine subject 'cheville'.

2

Le gâteau s'enfle dans le four.

The cake is rising (swelling) in the oven.

Metaphorical use for cooking.

3

Il ne faut pas que ton genou s'enfle trop.

Your knee must not swell too much.

Subjunctive mood after 'il faut que'.

4

Ses lèvres se sont enflées à cause du froid.

Her lips swelled up because of the cold.

Plural agreement in the passé composé.

5

La rivière s'enfle avec la pluie.

The river is swelling with the rain.

Using 'avec' to show cause.

6

Est-ce que ton visage s'enfle souvent ?

Does your face swell often?

Interrogative form with 'est-ce que'.

7

Le pneu ne s'enfle pas, il est crevé.

The tire isn't inflating, it's flat.

Contrast between 's'enfler' and 'crevé'.

8

Nous avons vu le ballon s'enfler.

We saw the balloon swell up.

Infinitive after a verb of perception.

1

La rumeur a commencé à s'enfler dans le quartier.

The rumor started to grow in the neighborhood.

Figurative use for information spreading.

2

Il s'est enflé d'orgueil après sa promotion.

He swelled with pride after his promotion.

Idiomatic expression 's'enfler d'orgueil'.

3

Si tu continues comme ça, ton ego va s'enfler.

If you keep going like that, your ego will swell.

Futur proche with a reflexive verb.

4

La gorge peut s'enfler si on a une allergie.

The throat can swell if one has an allergy.

Modal verb 'peut' followed by the infinitive.

5

Le vent fait s'enfler les voiles du bateau.

The wind makes the boat's sails swell.

Causative construction with 'faire'.

6

Le budget du projet ne cesse de s'enfler.

The project budget keeps inflating.

Using 'ne cesse de' to show continuity.

7

Elle craignait que sa main ne s'enflât pendant la nuit.

She feared that her hand might swell during the night.

Imperfect subjunctive (literary/advanced).

8

Les prix s'enflent à cause de l'inflation.

Prices are inflating because of inflation.

Economic context.

1

L'abcès a fini par s'enfler de manière alarmante.

The abscess ended up swelling alarmingly.

Adverbial phrase 'de manière alarmante'.

2

La polémique s'enfle sur les réseaux sociaux.

The controversy is growing on social media.

Modern context for abstract growth.

3

Ses chevilles s'enflent dès qu'il fait chaud.

His ankles swell as soon as it gets hot.

Habitual action in the present tense.

4

On voyait les nuages s'enfler à l'horizon.

We could see the clouds swelling on the horizon.

Descriptive use in a narrative.

5

Il s'est laissé s'enfler la tête par les compliments.

He let the compliments go to his head.

Passive reflexive construction.

6

Le torrent s'est enflé brusquement après l'orage.

The torrent swelled suddenly after the storm.

Adverb 'brusquement' modifying the verb.

7

Sa voix s'enflait de colère au fur et à mesure.

His voice swelled with anger as he went on.

Imperfect tense for a progressive action.

8

Les tissus s'enflent pour protéger la zone blessée.

The tissues swell to protect the injured area.

Scientific/Biological explanation.

1

Le mécontentement populaire s'enfle face aux nouvelles mesures.

Popular discontent is swelling in the face of the new measures.

Abstract political usage.

2

Le style de l'auteur s'enfle de métaphores complexes.

The author's style swells with complex metaphors.

Literary criticism context.

3

Il redoutait que la situation ne s'enflât démesurément.

He feared that the situation would swell disproportionately.

Use of the 'ne' explétif and imperfect subjunctive.

4

La mer s'enfle sous l'influence de la marée montante.

The sea swells under the influence of the rising tide.

Natural phenomenon description.

5

Ses espoirs s'enflaient à mesure qu'il lisait la lettre.

His hopes swelled as he read the letter.

Psychological state change.

6

L'économie souterraine continue de s'enfler malgré la surveillance.

The underground economy continues to swell despite surveillance.

Socio-economic analysis.

7

Il s'est fait enfler par un vendeur peu scrupuleux.

He got ripped off by an unscrupulous seller.

Slang/Informal usage of 's'enfler'.

8

Le récit s'enfle de détails inutiles qui ralentissent l'action.

The narrative swells with useless details that slow down the action.

Describing narrative structure.

1

L'orgueil des puissants finit souvent par s'enfler jusqu'à la chute.

The pride of the powerful often ends up swelling until the fall.

Philosophical/Moral observation.

2

On observe les protubérances solaires s'enfler et s'éteindre.

We observe solar flares swelling and dying out.

Astrophysical context.

3

La prose de Bossuet s'enfle d'une éloquence majestueuse.

Bossuet's prose swells with a majestic eloquence.

Specific literary reference.

4

Le lit du fleuve s'est enflé de sédiments au fil des siècles.

The riverbed has swollen with sediment over the centuries.

Geological time scale.

5

Il est impératif que la bulle spéculative ne s'enfle plus.

It is imperative that the speculative bubble does not swell any further.

Formal economic warning.

6

Le tumulte s'enflait, menaçant de rompre le silence de la nuit.

The tumult was swelling, threatening to break the silence of the night.

Evocative narrative style.

7

Son ressentiment s'enflait dans le secret de son cœur.

His resentment was swelling in the secret of his heart.

Internal psychological depth.

8

La voile de la destinée s'enfle pour ceux qui osent.

The sail of destiny swells for those who dare.

Poetic/Aphoristic usage.

よく使う組み合わせ

cheville enflée
s'enfler d'orgueil
la rumeur s'enfle
budget enflé
voiles enflées
gorge enflée
visage enflé
s'enfler la tête
le torrent s'enfle
se faire enfler

よく使うフレーズ

Ça commence à s'enfler.

— It is starting to swell up.

Applique de la glace, ça commence à s'enfler.

Avoir les chevilles qui enflent.

— To be getting a big head (arrogant).

Depuis qu'il a gagné, il a les chevilles qui enflent.

S'enfler comme une baudruche.

— To swell up like a balloon (often about ego).

Il s'enfle comme une baudruche dès qu'on le flatte.

La polémique s'enfle.

— The controversy is growing.

La polémique s'enfle malgré les excuses.

Faire s'enfler la note.

— To inflate the bill/price.

Le garagiste a fait s'enfler la note avec des réparations inutiles.

Se sentir s'enfler.

— To feel oneself swelling (physically or emotionally).

Je sens mon bras s'enfler après la piqûre.

Laisser s'enfler une situation.

— To let a situation get out of hand/grow.

Ils ont laissé s'enfler le conflit sans intervenir.

S'enfler de vanité.

— To be filled with vanity.

Elle s'est enflée de vanité après son passage à la télé.

Voir s'enfler les vagues.

— To see the waves growing larger.

Les marins voyaient s'enfler les vagues avec inquiétude.

S'enfler d'importance.

— To give oneself airs/importance.

Il s'enfle d'importance lors des réunions.

慣用句と表現

"S'enfler la tête"

— To become conceited or arrogant.

Son succès lui a enflé la tête.

informal
"Avoir les chevilles qui enflent"

— To be overly proud of oneself.

Attention, tu as les chevilles qui enflent !

colloquial
"S'enfler d'orgueil"

— To be filled with excessive pride.

Il s'est enflé d'orgueil en recevant son prix.

literary
"Se faire enfler"

— To be cheated or ripped off.

Je me suis fait enfler par ce vendeur.

slang
"Enfler le passage"

— To exaggerate or inflate a story (rare).

Il aime enfler le passage pour paraître héroïque.

literary
"S'enfler comme un crapaud"

— To swell up with anger or pride (like a toad).

Il s'est enflé comme un crapaud quand je l'ai contredit.

informal
"Enfler la voix"

— To speak louder or more authoritatively.

Le professeur a dû enfler la voix pour se faire entendre.

neutral
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