B1 · 中級 チャプター 50

Conditionals, Experiences & Habitual Actions

5 トータルルール
20 例文
1 分
このチャプターのルール クイック練習

Chapter in 30 Seconds

Master the art of describing feelings, habits, and hypothetical futures in natural Hindi.

  • Describe people in the middle of an action using participles.
  • Express physical and emotional states using the 'experiencer' subject.
  • Discuss past habits and set conditions for future events.
Connect your thoughts, express your needs, and imagine the possibilities.

学べること

Learn conditional sentences, experiencer constructions, and habitual actions in Hindi.

Learning Objectives

By the end of this chapter, you will be able to:

  1. 1
    By the end you will be able to describe a person performing an action as an adjective, like 'the singing girl'.
  2. 2
    By the end you will be able to correctly state physical needs and sensations using the oblique 'ko' subject.
  3. 3
    By the end you will be able to narrate recurring past habits that no longer happen.
  4. 4
    By the end you will be able to construct logical 'If-Then' sentences for real scenarios.

ヒントとコツ (3)

💡

The 'ko' rule

Always check if you are the subject or the experiencer.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: More Experiencer Patterns: Need, Pain & Knowledge (mujhe chahiye, dard hona)
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Gender Check

Always look at the noun first. If it's feminine, use -ti hui.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Present Participle as Adjective: The Doing Person (-ta hua/-ti hui)
💡

Keep it simple

Start with simple present tense before moving to complex past conditionals.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Real Conditionals: If... Then (Agar... to)

重要な語彙 (7)

भूख(bhookh) hunger प्यास(pyaas) thirst दर्द(dard) pain मालूम(maaloom) known/aware ज़रूरत(zaroorat) necessity/need हमेशा(hamesha) always अगर(agar) if

Real-World Preview

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A Childhood Memory and a Current Need

Review Summary

  • Verb Stem + ta/ti/te + hua/hui/hue + Noun
  • Perfective Stem (a/i/e) + Karna (in past tense)
  • Agar [Condition], To [Result]

よくある間違い

In Hindi, you don't 'be' hungry; hunger 'attaches' to you. You must use the 'ko' (mujhe) subject.

Wrong: मैं भूख हूँ(main bhookh hoon)
正解: मुझे भूख लगी है(mujhe bhookh lagi hai)

In English, 'then' is optional. In Hindi, 'to' is almost always required to balance the 'agar'.

Wrong: अगर वह आएगा, मैं जाऊँगा(agar vah aaega, main jaaunga)
正解: अगर वह आएगा, तो मैं जाऊँगा(agar vah aaega, to main jaaunga)

While 'jaata tha' is okay for general past, 'jaya karta tha' specifically emphasizes the 'used to' habitual nature.

Wrong: मैं रोज़ मंदिर जाता था(main roz mandir jaata tha) [for a specific past habit]
正解: मैं रोज़ मंदिर जाया करता था(main roz mandir jaya karta tha)

Next Steps

You have reached the end of the B1 journey! You now possess the tools to express complex emotions, life stories, and logical conditions. Take a moment to celebrate your hard work—you are truly becoming a Hindi speaker.

Write a letter to your past self about your habits.

Watch a Bollywood movie and spot three 'Agar... to' sentences.

Continue to: Building Complex Nouns and Phrases

クイック練習 (10)

Fill in the blank.

Mujhe ___ hai.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: pata
Mujhe pata hai is a set phrase.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: More Experiencer Patterns: Need, Pain & Knowledge (mujhe chahiye, dard hona)

Fill in the blank.

वह ___ (sota) बच्चा मेरा भाई है।

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: sota hua
Baccha is masculine singular.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Present Participle as Adjective: The Doing Person (-ta hua/-ti hui)

Fill in the blank with the correct particle.

___ tum aaoge, to hum khelenge.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Agar
Agar is the correct conditional starter.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Real Conditionals: If... Then (Agar... to)

Fix the sentence.

Find and fix the mistake:

Vah jata thi.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: a
Gender agreement.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Habitual Actions: Used to Do (-a karta tha)

Choose the formal form.

How to say 'You need' formally?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Aapko chahiye
Aapko is formal.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: More Experiencer Patterns: Need, Pain & Knowledge (mujhe chahiye, dard hona)

Choose the correct sentence.

Which is correct?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Mujhe bhookh lagi hai
Use dative construction.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Experiencer Subjects: Hunger, Thirst & Feelings (mujhe... lagti hai)

Choose the correct form.

Ve ___ the.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: b
Plural subject 'Ve'.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Habitual Actions: Used to Do (-a karta tha)

Fill in the blank.

Kya ___ garmi lag rahi hai?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: tumhe
Use oblique pronoun.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Experiencer Subjects: Hunger, Thirst & Feelings (mujhe... lagti hai)

Choose the correct sentence.

Which is correct?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Mujhe bhook lagi hai
Lagna is used for hunger.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: More Experiencer Patterns: Need, Pain & Knowledge (mujhe chahiye, dard hona)

Fill in the blank.

Mujhe paani ___.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: chahiye
Chahiye is the correct word for need.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: More Experiencer Patterns: Need, Pain & Knowledge (mujhe chahiye, dard hona)

Score: /10

よくある質問 (6)

No, only for repeated habits.
Use 'karti thi'.
Because 'Mujhe' is the dative case, meaning 'to me'. You are the experiencer, not the subject.
No, it is invariant. It doesn't change for gender, number, or person.
Use '-te hue' for masculine plural and '-ti hui' for feminine plural.
No. Progressive is 'is doing' (raha hai). Participle is 'the doing' (ta hua).
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Focusing on the Action: Passive Voice
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Building Complex Nouns and Phrases
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