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A1 noun #8,000 よく出る 10分で読める

गुर्दा

gurda
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解説 गुर्दा in your Level:
At the A1 level, the word 'गुर्दा' (Gurdā) is introduced as a basic vocabulary item for body parts. Students learn that 'गुर्दा' means 'kidney'. The focus is on simple identification and basic health sentences. For example, a student might learn to say 'यह मेरा गुर्दा है' (This is my kidney) or 'गुर्दे में दर्द है' (There is pain in the kidney). At this stage, the metaphorical meanings (like courage) are usually avoided to prevent confusion. The grammatical focus is on the gender (masculine) and the basic plural form 'गुर्दे'. Learners are encouraged to associate the word with water and health. Simple exercises might involve labeling a diagram of the human body or translating basic sentences from English. The goal is to build a foundation where the student recognizes the word in a medical or biological context. Since A1 learners are just starting, the Persian origin or complex idioms aren't emphasized, but the hard 'ḍ' sound is practiced to ensure clear communication. By the end of this level, a student should be able to tell a doctor where they feel pain using this word. They should also understand that humans have two kidneys, using the plural 'दो गुर्दे'. This level is about literal meaning and functional use in emergency or health situations.
At the A2 level, learners begin to use 'गुर्दा' in more descriptive contexts, particularly concerning daily habits and health. They might learn how to describe the function of the kidney in very simple terms, such as 'गुर्दा खून साफ़ करता है' (The kidney cleans the blood). The focus shifts slightly towards 'oblique cases', where students practice changing 'गुर्दा' to 'गुर्दे' before postpositions like 'के लिए' (for) or 'से' (from). For instance, 'सेहत के लिए गुर्दे का ध्यान रखें' (Take care of the kidney for health). Students at this level are also introduced to common health issues in a basic way, such as 'गुर्दे की पथरी' (kidney stone). This is a very common phrase in India, and knowing it is practically useful. They might also start to see the word in food contexts, such as 'गुर्दा मसाला' on a menu, and learn that it can be an ingredient. The A2 level also begins to touch upon the idea that some words for organs have other meanings, though the full 'courage' metaphor might still be secondary to the physical organ. Exercises at this level include completing sentences about health and matching body parts to their functions. The learner's vocabulary expands to include related words like 'पानी' (water), 'खून' (blood), and 'साफ़' (clean).
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At the B1 level, students are expected to use 'गुर्दा' in more complex sentence structures and start exploring its metaphorical side. They will learn that 'गुर्दा' is the common word for guts or bravery in colloquial speech. A B1 learner should be able to understand a sentence like 'उसमें सच बोलने का गुर्दा है' (He has the guts to speak the truth). This level involves a deeper dive into Hindi idioms and how body parts are used to express personality traits. In terms of grammar, students handle the plural and oblique forms with ease. They also learn to distinguish between 'गुर्दा' and its more formal counterpart 'वृक्क', knowing that 'वृक्क' belongs in a classroom and 'गुर्दा' belongs in a conversation. They might read short stories or news clips where kidney donation or health awareness is discussed. This requires a grasp of more advanced vocabulary like 'दान' (donation) and 'बीमारी' (illness). B1 learners also start to understand the cultural context, such as the common jokes about selling a kidney to buy luxury items. Their speaking exercises might involve debating the importance of organ donation or describing a brave person using the word 'गुर्दा'. The focus is on transitioning from literal to figurative language while maintaining grammatical accuracy.
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At the B2 level, the use of 'गुर्दा' becomes more nuanced. Learners are expected to understand the word in a variety of registers, from slang to semi-formal discussions. They should be able to recognize when 'गुर्दा' is being used sarcastically or emphatically. For example, in a political commentary or a movie review, the word might be used to describe the 'guts' of a filmmaker or a leader. B2 students study the etymology of the word, noting its Persian roots and how it fits into the larger family of Urdu-influenced Hindi vocabulary. They are also introduced to more complex medical terminology involving the kidney, such as 'विफलता' (failure) and 'प्रत्यारोपण' (transplant). At this level, students can write short essays on health or social issues where 'गुर्दा' appears naturally. They also learn to compare 'गुर्दा' with other synonyms like 'कलेजा' or 'जिगर', understanding the subtle differences in emotional weight each word carries. A B2 learner should be able to follow a doctor's detailed explanation of a kidney-related condition or a heated debate in a film where the word is used as a challenge. The emphasis is on fluidly moving between the biological and the metaphorical, depending entirely on the context and the audience.
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At the C1 level, the learner masters the word 'गुर्दा' in all its cultural and linguistic complexity. They are familiar with its use in classical and modern literature, where it might represent not just courage, but a specific kind of existential grit. C1 students can analyze how the word's meaning has evolved or how it is used by different authors to create specific tones. They are comfortable with the word in high-level medical discourse, understanding the nuances of nephrology in Hindi. They can also navigate the most informal slang, understanding the social hierarchies and attitudes implied when someone uses 'गुर्दा' instead of 'हिम्मत'. This level involves understanding the word's role in 'Hindustani'—the blend of Hindi and Urdu—and how it contrasts with 'Sanskritized' Hindi. C1 learners might participate in high-level discussions about organ trafficking ethics or the portrayal of masculinity in cinema, where 'गुर्दा' is a key thematic element. Their writing is sophisticated, using the word and its derivatives to add color and precision to their arguments. They no longer make mistakes with gender or oblique forms, and they can explain the word's nuances to lower-level learners. The focus is on absolute mastery and stylistic flexibility.
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At the C2 level, 'गुर्दा' is used with the skill of a highly educated native speaker. The learner understands the most obscure references and historical uses of the word. They can appreciate the word's presence in 19th-century prose as well as 21st-century memes. A C2 learner can distinguish between the 'Persianate' feel of 'गुर्दा' and the 'Tatsama' (pure Sanskrit) feel of 'वृक्क' to choose the perfect word for a specific literary effect. They can engage in deep philosophical discussions about what it means to 'have guts' in the Indian social context, perhaps linking the term to historical figures known for their 'गुर्दा'. In medical or legal translation, they can provide perfect equivalents that capture both the technical meaning and the necessary tone. They might even explore the word in regional dialects or related languages like Punjabi, where it is also used. For a C2 learner, 'गुर्दा' is not just a word for an organ; it is a linguistic tool that can be used to evoke strength, humor, tragedy, or clinical precision. They can write poetry or high-level academic papers where the word is used with perfect control. At this stage, the word is fully integrated into a vast, interconnected web of linguistic and cultural knowledge.
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गुर्दा 30秒で

  • The word 'गुर्दा' primarily means kidney in Hindi and is a masculine noun used in medical and everyday health contexts.
  • It is frequently used as a metaphor for courage, similar to the English 'guts,' especially in informal or cinematic language.
  • Grammatically, it changes to 'गुर्दे' in its plural and oblique forms, such as when followed by postpositions like 'mein' or 'ka'.
  • While 'वृक्क' is the formal scientific term, 'गुर्दा' is much more common in spoken Hindi and across the Indian subcontinent.

The word गुर्दा (Gurdā) is a primary Hindi noun that refers to the kidney, a vital organ in the human body responsible for filtering waste products from the blood. While its primary use is anatomical and medical, the word carries a significant metaphorical weight in Hindi culture, much like the word 'guts' does in English. When a speaker refers to someone having a 'big kidney' or simply 'having the kidney' (गुर्दा होना), they are often not talking about biological health but rather about the individual's bravery, resilience, and inner strength. This dual nature makes it a fascinating word for learners, as it bridges the gap between cold biological facts and warm, expressive colloquialisms used in daily life, cinema, and literature.

Biological Context
In a medical or health-related setting, 'गुर्दा' is used to discuss anatomy, diseases like kidney stones (गुर्दे की पथरी), or the importance of hydration. It is the most common term used by laypeople, whereas 'वृक्क' (Vrikka) is the formal, Sanskrit-derived term used in textbooks.

ज़्यादा पानी पीना गुर्दे के लिए अच्छा होता है। (Drinking more water is good for the kidney.)

Metaphorical Context
In street slang or intense dialogues, 'गुर्दा' represents the seat of courage. If someone says 'तुझमें गुर्दा नहीं है' (You don't have the kidney), they are challenging your bravery or daring nature. It is often used in masculine-coded environments to test one's mettle.

सच बोलने के लिए बहुत गुर्दा चाहिए। (It takes a lot of guts to tell the truth.)

The word is masculine in gender. When referring to both kidneys, the plural form 'गुर्दे' (Gurde) is used. Understanding this word requires a learner to be sensitive to the tone of the conversation. In a doctor's clinic, it is purely physical; in an action movie or a heated argument, it is purely psychological. This versatility is a hallmark of Hindi nouns that describe internal organs, where the heart (दिल), liver (कलेजा), and kidney (गुर्दा) all have emotional counterparts.

उसका गुर्दा खराब हो गया है। (His kidney has failed.)

शेर का गुर्दा रखो, डरो मत। (Have the kidney of a lion, do not be afraid.)

Linguistic Roots
The word comes from Persian 'gurdah'. This Persian influence is why the word sounds distinct from the Sanskrit-heavy vocabulary found in formal Hindi. It is widely understood across the Indian subcontinent, including in Urdu-speaking regions.

Using 'गुर्दा' (Gurdā) correctly involves understanding its grammatical role as a masculine noun and its pluralization rules. Since it is a body part, it often appears in possessive constructions and health-related discussions. In Hindi, when a masculine noun ends in 'ā' (ा), it usually changes to 'e' (े) in the plural and oblique forms. Thus, 'गुर्दा' becomes 'गुर्दे' (Gurde) when you are talking about both kidneys or when it is followed by a postposition like 'में' (in), 'से' (from), or 'का' (of).

Singular vs Plural
Use 'गुर्दा' for one kidney and 'गुर्दे' for two. Example: 'उसका एक गुर्दा दान कर दिया गया' (His one kidney was donated) vs 'इंसान के दो गुर्दे होते हैं' (A human has two kidneys).

मेरे गुर्दे में दर्द है। (There is pain in my kidney - Note the oblique form 'गुर्दे' because of 'में'.)

When using the word metaphorically to mean courage, it is almost always used in the singular form 'गुर्दा'. It functions as an uncountable quality in this sense. You wouldn't say someone has 'many kidneys' to mean they are very brave; you would say they have 'a lot of kidney' (बहुत गुर्दा). This usage is very similar to the English phrase 'having a lot of heart'.

इस पहाड़ पर चढ़ने के लिए गुर्दा चाहिए। (You need guts to climb this mountain.)

Common Verb Pairings
Common verbs used with 'गुर्दा' include 'होना' (to have/be), 'कांपना' (to tremble - usually for fear, though less common than 'kaleja'), and 'निकालना' (to remove/extract).

क्या तुममें अकेले वहां जाने का गुर्दा है? (Do you have the guts to go there alone?)

In medical Hindi, you will often see the word paired with 'विफलता' (failure) or 'प्रत्यारोपण' (transplant). For example, 'गुर्दा प्रत्यारोपण' (Kidney transplant) is a common phrase in news reports. For learners, mastering these compound phrases helps in navigating real-world scenarios like reading a health report or understanding a news segment about medical breakthroughs.

डॉक्टर ने गुर्दा बदलने की सलाह दी है। (The doctor has advised a kidney transplant/replacement.)

Register and Nuance
While 'गुर्दा' is acceptable in all registers, it feels more natural and grounded than the academic 'वृक्क'. In a formal essay, use 'वृक्क'; in a conversation with a friend or a patient, 'गुर्दा' is preferred.

The word 'गुर्दा' (Gurdā) is omnipresent in various spheres of Indian life, ranging from the sterile environment of a hospital to the high-octane world of Bollywood cinema. Understanding where you will encounter this word helps in grasping its cultural resonance. In urban India, you will hear it most frequently in health-related discussions. With the rising prevalence of lifestyle diseases, conversations about 'गुर्दे की सेहत' (kidney health) are common in families, especially among the elderly.

In Medical Settings
If you visit a hospital in North India, the signs for the nephrology department might use the English word, but the patients and nurses will almost exclusively say 'गुर्दा'. You'll hear phrases like 'गुर्दे की जाँच' (kidney test) or 'गुर्दे की सफाई' (referring to dialysis in simple terms).

अस्पताल में गुर्दा विशेषज्ञ से मिलना होगा। (We will have to meet a kidney specialist at the hospital.)

In Cinema and Pop Culture
Bollywood action films are a prime location for hearing the metaphorical use of 'गुर्दा'. Heroes often challenge villains by questioning their 'गुर्दा'. It signifies a raw, primal form of bravery. It’s the kind of word a 'macho' character uses to assert dominance.

मुझसे लड़ने का गुर्दा है क्या? (Do you have the guts to fight me?)

In the kitchen or at a butcher shop (for those who eat meat), 'गुर्दा' refers to the edible organ. 'Gurda-Kaleji' is a popular dish in Mughlai and North Indian cuisine, consisting of sautéed kidneys and liver. If you are a foodie exploring the streets of Old Delhi or Lucknow, you will see this word written on the menus of small eateries and large restaurants alike.

आज रात के खाने में गुर्दा कलेजी बनी है। (Kidney and liver have been cooked for dinner tonight.)

In Literature and Poetry
While 'Dil' (heart) dominates Urdu and Hindi poetry, 'Gurda' appears in more gritty, realistic, or satirical literature. It represents the toughness required to survive the hardships of life. It’s less about romantic love and more about existential endurance.

When learning Hindi, the word 'गुर्दा' (Gurdā) presents a few pitfalls that can lead to confusion or unnatural-sounding speech. The most common errors usually involve gender agreement, pluralization, and confusing it with other internal organs that also carry metaphorical meanings. Because Hindi assigns a gender to every noun, and 'गुर्दा' is masculine, every adjective and verb associated with it must reflect that masculinity. Beginners often mistakenly treat it as feminine, perhaps because many body parts ending in 'ee' sounds are feminine (like 'ankh' - eye, though it doesn't end in 'ee', it's feminine; or 'haddi' - bone).

Mistake 1: Gender Mismatch
Saying 'बड़ी गुर्दा' (Badi Gurda) instead of 'बड़ा गुर्दा' (Bada Gurda). Since it is masculine, you must use 'बड़ा' (big) or 'मेरा' (my) instead of 'मेरी'.

Incorrect: मेरी गुर्दा में दर्द है।
Correct: मेरे गुर्दे में दर्द है।

Another common mistake is failing to use the oblique form 'गुर्दे' when a postposition follows. If you say 'गुर्दा में' (Gurda mein), it sounds grammatically 'broken' to a native speaker. The 'a' ending must change to 'e' whenever words like 'mein', 'se', 'ka', or 'ko' follow. This is a fundamental rule of Hindi grammar that 'गुर्दा' perfectly illustrates.

Mistake 2: Confusing with 'Kaleja'
While both 'गुर्दा' (kidney) and 'कलेजा' (liver) can mean courage, 'कलेजा' is more common in emotional or sentimental contexts (e.g., 'कलेजे का टुकड़ा' for a beloved child), whereas 'गुर्दा' is more about raw bravery or 'guts'. Using 'गुर्दा' in a sentimental context might sound odd.

Don't say: वह मेरे गुर्दे का टुकड़ा है। (He is a piece of my kidney - sounds like a medical transplant!)
Say: वह मेरे कलेजे का टुकड़ा है। (He is a piece of my heart/liver - meaning very dear.)

Finally, learners sometimes struggle with the pronunciation of the 'u' sound. It is a short 'u' (as in 'put'), not a long 'oo' (as in 'boot'). Pronouncing it as 'Goorda' makes it sound slightly off. Also, ensure the 'r' is a light tap, and the 'd' is a hard retroflex 'ḍ'.

Pronunciation tip: Think of the English word 'Gird' but with a 'u' sound and a harder 'd'.

Mistake 3: Overusing the Metaphor
Using 'गुर्दा' to mean courage in a professional setting like a business meeting or a job interview. It is a very informal, almost 'street' way of speaking. In professional settings, use 'साहस' (Sahasi) or 'हिम्मत' (Himmat).

In Hindi, as in any rich language, there are several synonyms and related terms for 'गुर्दा' (Gurdā), each with its own register and specific use case. Understanding these alternatives allows you to tailor your speech to the situation, whether you are in a biology lab, a poetry reading, or a casual hangout with friends. The most direct synonym is the Sanskrit-derived 'वृक्क' (Vrikka), which you will find in academic textbooks and formal medical reports. However, you will almost never hear 'Vrikka' in a street-side conversation.

वृक्क (Vrikka)
The formal/scientific term for kidney. Usage: 'वृक्क विज्ञान' (Nephrology). It is precise but lacks the emotional or colloquial punch of 'Gurda'.

विज्ञान की पुस्तक में वृक्क के कार्य समझाए गए हैं। (The functions of the kidney are explained in the science book.)

When it comes to the metaphorical meaning of 'courage', the alternatives are more numerous. 'हिम्मत' (Himmat) and 'साहस' (Saahas) are the most common words for courage. 'Himmat' is of Arabic origin and is very common in spoken Hindi, while 'Saahas' is Sanskrit-derived and feels slightly more formal or literary. Unlike 'Gurda', these words do not refer to a physical organ; they are abstract nouns.

Comparison: Gurda vs Himmat
'Himmat' is general courage. 'Gurda' is 'guts'—a more visceral, gritty type of bravery. You 'show courage' (हिम्मत दिखाना), but you 'have the kidney' (गुर्दा होना).

मुसीबत में हिम्मत मत हारो। (Do not lose courage in trouble.)

Another word often confused with 'Gurda' is 'कलेजा' (Kaleja). While both are internal organs used to represent bravery, 'Kaleja' is much more common in idioms about fear or deep affection. If your heart 'thumps' with fear, you say 'कलेजा धक-धक करना'. You wouldn't use 'Gurda' there. 'Gurda' is strictly for the 'strength' aspect of courage.

Summary Table
- **गुर्दा (Gurda)**: Kidney / Guts (Raw bravery). - **वृक्क (Vrikka)**: Kidney (Scientific). - **हिम्मत (Himmat)**: Courage (General). - **साहस (Saahas)**: Bravery (Formal). - **कलेजा (Kaleja)**: Liver / Heart (Emotional courage/affection).

सच्चाई का सामना करने का साहस करो। (Have the bravery to face the truth.)

How Formal Is It?

フォーマル

"मरीज़ के गुर्दे की स्थिति स्थिर है।"

ニュートラル

"हमें अपने गुर्दों का ख्याल रखना चाहिए।"

カジュアル

"भाई, तुझमें वहां जाने का गुर्दा है क्या?"

Child friendly

"हमारे पेट के पीछे दो छोटे गुर्दे होते हैं।"

スラング

"नया फोन चाहिए? गुर्दा बेचना पड़ेगा!"

豆知識

In many Indo-European languages, the word for kidney is linked to the word for 'core' or 'seed'. The Persian 'gurdah' also shares a distant root with the word for 'hero' or 'warrior' in some ancient Iranian dialects, which explains why it is used for courage today.

発音ガイド

UK /ˈɡʊə.də/
US /ˈɡʊr.də/
The stress is slightly on the first syllable 'Gur'.
韻が合う語
पर्दा (Parda - Curtain) ज़र्दा (Zarda - Sweet rice/tobacco) नर्मदा (Narmada - River) फायदा (Fayda - though it ends in 'da', the 'y' makes it a slant rhyme) मैदा (Maida - Flour) पैदा (Paida - Born) गंदा (Ganda - Dirty - slant rhyme) बंदा (Banda - Person - slant rhyme)
よくある間違い
  • Pronouncing 'u' as a long 'oo' like in 'food'.
  • Using a dental 'd' (tongue against teeth) instead of the retroflex 'ḍ'.
  • Dropping the final 'a' sound completely.
  • Over-rolling the 'r' like in Spanish.
  • Confusing it with 'Gurdwa' (from Gurdwara).

難易度

読解 2/5

Easy to read, but requires knowledge of the 'u' matra and the 'da' sound.

ライティング 3/5

Requires correct placement of the 'u' vowel and the half-circle 'da'.

スピーキング 4/5

The retroflex 'ḍ' is difficult for native English speakers to master.

リスニング 2/5

Clearly audible, but can be confused with other 'da' ending words.

次に学ぶべきこと

前提知識

शरीर (Body) अंग (Organ) खून (Blood) दर्द (Pain) पानी (Water)

次に学ぶ

जिगर (Liver) फेफड़े (Lungs) दिल (Heart) हड्डी (Bone) नस (Vein/Nerve)

上級

वृक्क (Vrikka) उत्सर्जन (Excretion) प्रत्यारोपण (Transplant) विषाक्त (Toxic) धमनी (Artery)

知っておくべき文法

Masculine Nouns ending in -ā

गुर्दा (Gurda) becomes गुर्दे (Gurde) in plural and oblique cases.

Possessive Agreement

मेरा गुर्दा (My kidney) vs मेरी आँख (My eye - feminine).

Postpositions and Case

गुर्दे में (In the kidney) - the 'a' changes to 'e' because of 'mein'.

Adjective-Noun Agreement

स्वस्थ गुर्दा (Healthy kidney) - 'Swasth' doesn't change, but 'Bada' would become 'Bade' in plural.

Compound Noun Formation

गुर्दा-विशेषज्ञ (Kidney specialist) - two nouns joined to form a specific term.

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レベル別の例文

1

यह मेरा गुर्दा है।

This is my kidney.

Simple sentence with 'मेरा' (my) agreeing with the masculine 'गुर्दा'.

2

इंसान के दो गुर्दे होते हैं।

A human has two kidneys.

Plural form 'गुर्दे' used for two kidneys.

3

क्या आपके गुर्दे में दर्द है?

Is there pain in your kidney?

Oblique form 'गुर्दे' because of the postposition 'में'.

4

पानी गुर्दे के लिए अच्छा है।

Water is good for the kidney.

Oblique form 'गुर्दे' because of 'के लिए'.

5

डॉक्टर गुर्दा देखता है।

The doctor examines the kidney.

Direct object usage.

6

मेरा गुर्दा साफ़ है।

My kidney is clean/healthy.

Adjective 'साफ़' (clean) used with 'गुर्दा'.

7

छोटा गुर्दा मत देखो।

Don't look at the small kidney.

Masculine adjective 'छोटा' agreeing with 'गुर्दा'.

8

यहाँ गुर्दा है।

The kidney is here.

Basic locative sentence.

1

ज़्यादा नमक गुर्दे को नुकसान पहुँचाता है।

Too much salt harms the kidney.

Oblique form 'गुर्दे' followed by postposition 'को'.

2

उसे गुर्दे की पथरी है।

He has a kidney stone.

Common medical phrase 'गुर्दे की पथरी'.

3

स्वस्थ गुर्दे के लिए फल खाओ।

Eat fruits for a healthy kidney.

Adjective 'स्वस्थ' modifying the oblique 'गुर्दे'.

4

क्या तुम गुर्दा और कलेजी खाते हो?

Do you eat kidney and liver?

Usage of 'गुर्दा' in a culinary context.

5

मरीज़ का गुर्दा ठीक काम कर रहा है।

The patient's kidney is working fine.

Possessive 'का' agreeing with 'गुर्दा'.

6

हमें अपने गुर्दों का ध्यान रखना चाहिए।

We should take care of our kidneys.

Plural oblique form 'गुर्दों' because of 'का'.

7

वह गुर्दे की जाँच करवाने गया है।

He has gone to get a kidney check-up.

Compound noun 'गुर्दे की जाँच'.

8

उसके पास केवल एक गुर्दा है।

He has only one kidney.

Quantifier 'एक' with singular 'गुर्दा'.

1

उसमें सच बोलने का गुर्दा है।

He has the guts to speak the truth.

Metaphorical use of 'गुर्दा' meaning courage.

2

गुर्दा दान करना एक महान काम है।

Donating a kidney is a great deed.

Infinitive 'दान करना' with 'गुर्दा'.

3

फिल्म के हीरो में बहुत गुर्दा था।

The movie hero had a lot of guts.

Colloquial use in a media context.

4

क्या तुममें यह जोखिम उठाने का गुर्दा है?

Do you have the guts to take this risk?

Challenging someone's courage.

5

डॉक्टर ने गुर्दा प्रत्यारोपण की सलाह दी।

The doctor advised a kidney transplant.

Intermediate medical term 'प्रत्यारोपण' (transplant).

6

बिना गुर्दे के जीवन कठिन हो सकता है।

Life can be difficult without a kidney.

Use of 'बिना' (without) with oblique 'गुर्दे'.

7

उसकी बहादुरी देखकर लगा कि उसमें शेर का गुर्दा है।

Seeing his bravery, it felt like he has the guts of a lion.

Idiomatic expression 'शेर का गुर्दा'.

8

आजकल गुर्दे की बीमारियाँ बढ़ रही हैं।

Kidney diseases are increasing nowadays.

Plural feminine noun 'बीमारियाँ' with possessive 'गुर्दे की'.

1

अन्याय के खिलाफ खड़े होने के लिए गुर्दा चाहिए।

It takes guts to stand against injustice.

Abstract usage in a social context.

2

शराब का सेवन गुर्दे और जिगर दोनों को बर्बाद कर देता है।

Alcohol consumption ruins both the kidney and the liver.

Comparing 'गुर्दा' and 'जिगर' (liver).

3

उसने अपनी पूरी संपत्ति गुर्दा अस्पताल को दान कर दी।

He donated his entire property to the kidney hospital.

Compound noun 'गुर्दा अस्पताल'.

4

क्या आप जानते हैं कि गुर्दा शरीर के विषाक्त पदार्थों को कैसे निकालता है?

Do you know how the kidney removes toxins from the body?

Complex scientific query.

5

राजनीति में टिकने के लिए बहुत बड़ा गुर्दा होना चाहिए।

To survive in politics, one must have very big guts.

Sarcastic/Slang use in politics.

6

डायलेसिस तब किया जाता है जब गुर्दे काम करना बंद कर देते हैं।

Dialysis is done when the kidneys stop working.

Technical explanation using 'जब... तब' structure.

7

उसकी बातों में गुर्दा दिखता है, सिर्फ खोखले शब्द नहीं।

There is substance/courage in his words, not just hollow words.

Metaphorical depth.

8

गुर्दे की विफलता के लक्षणों को नज़रअंदाज़ न करें।

Do not ignore the symptoms of kidney failure.

Formal medical warning.

1

अंगों की तस्करी में गुर्दा सबसे अधिक मांग वाला अंग है।

In organ trafficking, the kidney is the most in-demand organ.

Advanced vocabulary like 'तस्करी' (trafficking) and 'मांग' (demand).

2

उस लेखक ने समाज की कड़वी सच्चाई लिखने का गुर्दा दिखाया है।

That writer has shown the guts to write the bitter truth of society.

Literary analysis of a person's character.

3

वृक्क की सूक्ष्म संरचना को समझना चिकित्सा विज्ञान का एक महत्वपूर्ण हिस्सा है।

Understanding the microscopic structure of the kidney is an important part of medical science.

Use of formal synonym 'वृक्क' in a C1 academic context.

4

क्या आधुनिक युग में नैतिकता का गुर्दा धीरे-धीरे खत्म हो रहा है?

Is the 'guts' of morality slowly disappearing in the modern era?

Philosophical metaphorical usage.

5

प्रत्यारोपण के बाद गुर्दे की अस्वीकृति की संभावना हमेशा बनी रहती है।

The possibility of kidney rejection always remains after a transplant.

High-level medical terminology ('अस्वीकृति' - rejection).

6

उसने जिस तरह से हार स्वीकार की, उसमें उसका गुर्दा नज़र आता है।

The way he accepted defeat shows his inner strength/guts.

Nuanced character description.

7

गुर्दे की पुरानी बीमारी (CKD) एक वैश्विक स्वास्थ्य चुनौती बन गई है।

Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) has become a global health challenge.

Formal public health discourse.

8

इस जटिल ऑपरेशन को करने के लिए सर्जन में फौलादी गुर्दा होना चाहिए।

To perform this complex operation, the surgeon must have guts of steel.

Idiomatic 'फौलादी गुर्दा' (guts of steel).

1

मानवीय जिजीविषा और गुर्दे का संगम ही उसे विपरीत परिस्थितियों में जीवित रखता है।

The union of human will and grit is what keeps them alive in adverse circumstances.

Extremely formal and literary vocabulary ('जिजीविषा' - will to live).

2

साहित्यिक विमर्श में 'गुर्दा' शब्द का प्रयोग अक्सर यथार्थवाद की पराकाष्ठा को दर्शाने के लिए किया जाता है।

In literary discourse, the word 'Gurda' is often used to show the pinnacle of realism.

Meta-linguistic analysis.

3

वृक्क की कार्यप्रणाली में बाधा उत्पन्न होना संपूर्ण चयापचय को प्रभावित कर सकता है।

Obstruction in the kidney's functioning can affect the entire metabolism.

Use of scientific 'वृक्क' and 'चयापचय' (metabolism).

4

क्या राजनीतिज्ञों में लोकलुभावन वादों से हटकर कठिन निर्णय लेने का गुर्दा शेष है?

Do politicians still have the guts to take difficult decisions, moving away from populist promises?

Critical political commentary.

5

अंग प्रत्यारोपण कानून की जटिलताओं ने गुर्दा दान की प्रक्रिया को और भी दुरूह बना दिया है।

The complexities of organ transplant laws have made the kidney donation process even more difficult.

Legal and administrative register.

6

उसकी कविताओं में 'गुर्दा' शब्द केवल एक अंग नहीं, बल्कि प्रतिरोध की एक संस्कृति है।

In his poems, the word 'Gurda' is not just an organ, but a culture of resistance.

Symbolic literary interpretation.

7

चिकित्सा नैतिकता के दायरे में गुर्दा व्यापार एक ज्वलंत और विवादास्पद मुद्दा बना हुआ है।

Within the realm of medical ethics, the kidney trade remains a burning and controversial issue.

Academic ethical debate.

8

इतिहास गवाह है कि जिन राष्ट्रों में संघर्ष का गुर्दा नहीं होता, वे विलुप्त हो जाते हैं।

History is witness that nations which do not have the 'guts' for struggle become extinct.

Grand historical statement.

類義語

वृक्क किडनी मूत्रपिंड

よく使う組み合わせ

गुर्दे की पथरी
गुर्दा प्रत्यारोपण
गुर्दा विफलता
गुर्दा होना
शेर का गुर्दा
गुर्दा कलेजी
गुर्दे का दर्द
गुर्दा दान
गुर्दा विशेषज्ञ
गुर्दे की सफाई

よく使うフレーズ

गुर्दा दिखाना

— To show bravery or dare to do something difficult.

मुसीबत में उसने अपना गुर्दा दिखाया।

गुर्दे में दम होना

— To have the strength or courage to face a challenge.

अगर गुर्दे में दम है तो सामने आओ।

एक गुर्दा बेच देना

— A humorous way to say something is too expensive.

नया आईफोन खरीदने के लिए एक गुर्दा बेचना पड़ेगा।

गुर्दे का पानी

— Literally kidney fluid, but sometimes used in health contexts.

गुर्दे का पानी कम हो गया है।

गुर्दे की कार्यक्षमता

— Kidney efficiency or function.

उम्र के साथ गुर्दे की कार्यक्षमता घटती है।

गुर्दा निकाल लेना

— To remove a kidney (often used in crime thrillers or jokes).

चोर ने उसका गुर्दा निकाल लिया।

गुर्दे की बीमारी

— Kidney disease.

वह गुर्दे की बीमारी से जूझ रहा है।

गुर्दे का कैंसर

— Kidney cancer.

गुर्दे का कैंसर शुरुआती स्तर पर ठीक हो सकता है।

गुर्दे की सूजन

— Inflammation of the kidney.

संक्रमण से गुर्दे की सूजन हो सकती है।

गुर्दे का स्वस्थ होना

— The state of the kidney being healthy.

गुर्दे का स्वस्थ होना लंबी उम्र के लिए ज़रूरी है।

よく混同される語

गुर्दा vs कलेजा (Kaleja)

Both mean courage, but Kaleja is more emotional/sentimental.

गुर्दा vs जिगर (Jigar)

Jigar is poetic for courage; Gurda is gritty for courage.

गुर्दा vs वृक्क (Vrikka)

Vrikka is purely scientific and never used for 'courage'.

慣用句と表現

"गुर्दा होना"

— To have immense courage or audacity.

पहाड़ से कूदने के लिए बहुत गुर्दा चाहिए।

Informal
"शेर का गुर्दा रखना"

— To be as brave as a lion; to have no fear.

हमारा कप्तान शेर का गुर्दा रखता है।

Emphatic
"गुर्दा कलेजा एक करना"

— To work extremely hard or put in all one's strength.

परीक्षा पास करने के लिए उसने गुर्दा कलेजा एक कर दिया।

Colloquial
"गुर्दे काँपना"

— To be extremely terrified (though 'kaleja kaampna' is more common).

शेर की दहाड़ सुनकर सबके गुर्दे काँप गए।

Descriptive
"गुर्दा जलाना"

— To feel deep envy or to work oneself to exhaustion.

दूसरों की तरक्की देखकर अपना गुर्दा क्यों जलाते हो?

Informal
"गुर्दे की आग"

— Extreme passion or burning desire/anger.

उसके गुर्दे की आग उसे चैन से बैठने नहीं देती।

Literary/Metaphorical
"गुर्दा छलनी होना"

— To be deeply wounded or exhausted by life's trials.

मुसीबतों ने उसका गुर्दा छलनी कर दिया है।

Poetic
"गुर्दे में बात रखना"

— To keep a secret deep inside with great effort.

इतनी बड़ी बात गुर्दे में रखना मुश्किल है।

Rare/Colloquial
"गुर्दा पसीजना"

— To feel deep pity or compassion (similar to heart melting).

गरीब की हालत देखकर मेरा गुर्दा पसीज गया।

Regional/Colloquial
"गुर्दे पर पत्थर रखना"

— To make a very difficult or painful decision with courage.

उसने गुर्दे पर पत्थर रखकर अपने बेटे को दूर भेजा।

Colloquial

間違えやすい

गुर्दा vs कलेजा

Both are internal organs used as metaphors for bravery.

Kaleja (liver/heart) is used for both bravery and love. Gurda (kidney) is strictly for raw guts and strength. You call a child 'kaleje ka tukda', never 'gurde ka tukda'.

उसने कलेजा मजबूत किया (He gathered courage - emotional). उसमें गुर्दा है (He has guts - raw strength).

गुर्दा vs गंदा

Similar sounding to a beginner.

Ganda means 'dirty'. Gurda means 'kidney'.

यह कमरा गंदा है (This room is dirty). मेरा गुर्दा स्वस्थ है (My kidney is healthy).

गुर्दा vs पर्दा

Rhyming words.

Parda means 'curtain' or 'veil'. Gurda means 'kidney'.

पर्दा उठाओ (Lift the curtain).

गुर्दा vs गद्दा

Similar phonetic structure.

Gadda means 'mattress'.

गद्दा नरम है (The mattress is soft).

गुर्दा vs मुर्दा

Only the first letter is different.

Murda means 'corpse' or 'dead body'.

वह मुर्दा है (He is a corpse).

文型パターン

A1

यह [Possessive] गुर्दा है।

यह मेरा गुर्दा है।

A2

[Noun] को गुर्दे की [Problem] है।

राम को गुर्दे की पथरी है।

B1

[Person] में [Action] करने का गुर्दा है।

मुझमें सच बोलने का गुर्दा है।

B2

गुर्दे के लिए [Item] [Adjective] है।

गुर्दे के लिए शराब हानिकारक है।

C1

गुर्दा [Process] के माध्यम से [Result] करता है।

गुर्दा छनन के माध्यम से खून साफ़ करता है।

C2

[Abstract Concept] का गुर्दा [Verb Phrase]।

लोकतंत्र का गुर्दा उसकी निष्पक्षता में है।

Intermediate

बिना [Oblique Noun] के [Condition]।

बिना गुर्दे के जीना मुश्किल है।

General

क्या तुममें [Noun] है?

क्या तुममें गुर्दा है?

語族

名詞

動詞

形容詞

関連

無料登録してすべての例文を見る

使い方

frequency

Common in medical, culinary, and colloquial contexts.

よくある間違い
  • Using 'मेरी गुर्दा' (Meri Gurda). → मेरे गुर्दे (Mere Gurde) or मेरा गुर्दा (Mera Gurda).

    Gurda is masculine. All possessive pronouns must reflect this.

  • Saying 'गुर्दा में दर्द' (Gurda mein dard). → गुर्दे में दर्द (Gurde mein dard).

    When followed by 'mein', the 'a' ending of a masculine noun must change to 'e'.

  • Using 'गुर्दा' for sentimental love. → दिल (Dil) or कलेजा (Kaleja).

    Gurda is for bravery, not romance. You don't give someone your 'gurda' out of love (unless it's a transplant!).

  • Pronouncing it as 'Goorda'. → Gurdā (Short 'u').

    The 'u' sound should be short, like in 'put' or 'pull'.

  • Using 'वृक्क' in a casual chat. → गुर्दा (Gurda).

    Vrikka is too formal and scientific for daily conversation; it might sound pretentious or confusing.

ヒント

Watch the Oblique Case

Always change 'गुर्दा' to 'गुर्दे' before a postposition. Don't say 'गुर्दा में', say 'गुर्दे में'.

The Retroflex D

The 'd' in 'Gurda' is hard. Curl your tongue back for the 'ḍ' to sound like a native.

Gurda vs Jigar

Use 'Jigar' for poetic bravery and 'Gurda' for tough, gritty bravery.

The iPhone Meme

Knowing the 'selling a kidney for iPhone' joke will help you understand modern Indian social media.

Water Connection

Link 'Gurda' with 'Pani' (water) in your mind to remember its biological function.

Gender Matters

Remember it's masculine. 'Bada gurda' is a compliment; 'Badi gurda' is a grammatical error.

G is for Guts

Gurda starts with G, just like Guts. They mean the same thing metaphorically.

Use in Stories

To make a character seem tough, describe them as having a 'Gurda' of steel.

Context Clues

If you hear it in a hospital, it's a kidney. If you hear it in a fight, it's guts.

Meat Dishes

In a restaurant, 'Gurda' refers to the edible organ. It's often paired with 'Kaleji' (liver).

暗記しよう

記憶術

Think of the word 'Guts'. Both 'Guts' and 'Gurda' start with 'G' and both refer to internal organs used to describe courage. If you have 'Guts', you have 'Gurda'.

視覚的連想

Imagine a bean-shaped organ (the kidney) wearing a superhero cape. This helps you remember it's both a body part and a symbol of bravery.

Word Web

Body Health Courage Blood Filter Persian Masculine Guts

チャレンジ

Try to use 'गुर्दा' in two sentences today: one about your health (e.g., I drink water for my kidney) and one about someone's bravery (e.g., my friend has the guts to speak up).

語源

The word 'गुर्दा' originates from the Persian word 'gurdah' (گرده). It entered Hindi through the long period of Persian influence on the Indian subcontinent, particularly during the Mughal era. It is a classic example of how Persian anatomical terms became standard in everyday Hindustani, often replacing or existing alongside Sanskrit terms.

元の意味： Kidney; core; courage.

Indo-European (via Indo-Iranian/Persian).

文化的な背景

Be careful when using the courage metaphor; it can sound quite aggressive or overly masculine in certain contexts. In medical settings, ensure you don't sound like you're joking about the organ.

English speakers use 'guts' or 'kidney' (rarely) to mean courage. In Hindi, 'Gurda' is much more common for courage than 'kidney' is in English.

The phrase 'Sher ka Gurda' is used in numerous Bollywood action movie dialogues. The dish 'Gurda Masala' is a famous street food in Mumbai and Delhi. Health awareness campaigns by the Indian government often use 'Gurda' to talk about the dangers of diabetes.

実生活で練習する

実際の使用場面

Medical Clinic

  • गुर्दे में दर्द है
  • सोनोग्राफी करवानी है
  • पथरी की शिकायत है
  • पेशाब में दिक्कत है

Social/Bravery

  • मुझमें गुर्दा है
  • डरपोक मत बनो
  • शेर का गुर्दा
  • हिम्मत दिखाओ

Restaurant

  • गुर्दा कलेजी मसाला
  • क्या यह ताज़ा है?
  • मिर्च कम रखना
  • एक प्लेट गुर्दा

Gym/Health

  • प्रोटीन और गुर्दा
  • पानी खूब पियो
  • सप्लीमेंट के नुकसान
  • स्वस्थ जीवन

News/Current Affairs

  • अंग दान दिवस
  • अवैध गुर्दा व्यापार
  • नया मेडिकल कानून
  • सफल ऑपरेशन

会話のきっかけ

"क्या आपको पता है कि गुर्दे को स्वस्थ कैसे रखते हैं?"

"क्या आपने कभी गुर्दा कलेजी चखी है?"

"आपके विचार में, आज के समय में सच बोलने के लिए कितना गुर्दा चाहिए?"

"अगर किसी को गुर्दे की पथरी हो, तो उसे क्या करना चाहिए?"

"क्या आप अंग दान (organ donation) का समर्थन करते हैं?"

日記のテーマ

लिखिए कि आपके जीवन का वह कौन सा समय था जब आपने 'गुर्दा' दिखाया और एक कठिन निर्णय लिया।

अपने शरीर के अंगों के महत्व के बारे में एक छोटा लेख लिखिए, जिसमें गुर्दे का विशेष ज़िक्र हो।

अंग दान के बारे में अपने विचारों को व्यक्त कीजिए। क्या यह हर किसी के लिए अनिवार्य होना चाहिए?

एक काल्पनिक कहानी लिखिए जहाँ नायक को अपनी बहादुरी (गुर्दा) साबित करनी पड़ती है।

स्वास्थ्य और पानी के बीच के संबंध पर एक पैराग्राफ लिखिए।

よくある質問

10 問

'गुर्दा' is a masculine noun. This means you use 'मेरा' (my) and 'बड़ा' (big) with it. For example, 'मेरा गुर्दा' is correct, while 'मेरी गुर्दा' is incorrect.

'गुर्दा' is the common, everyday word for kidney, used by most people. 'वृक्क' is the formal, Sanskrit-derived term used in science textbooks and medical reports. Think of 'Gurda' as 'kidney' and 'Vrikka' as 'renal organ'.

It's best to avoid it. Using 'गुर्दा' for courage is quite informal and can sound like street slang. In a professional setting, words like 'हिम्मत' (Himmat) or 'साहस' (Saahas) are much more appropriate.

The phrase is 'गुर्दे की पथरी' (Gurde ki pathri). Note that 'Gurda' changes to 'Gurde' because of the possessive 'ki'.

This is a popular internet meme in India. Because iPhones are very expensive, people jokingly suggest that the only way to afford one is to sell a kidney, highlighting the organ's value and the phone's high price.

Yes, 'गुर्दा' (گردہ) is the standard word for kidney in Urdu as well, and it carries the same metaphorical meanings of courage.

The plural is 'गुर्दे' (Gurde). For example, 'मेरे दोनों गुर्दे' (Both my kidneys).

Yes, it is used for the kidneys of any animal. In a butcher shop, you might ask for 'बकरे का गुर्दा' (goat kidney).

It literally means 'the kidney of a lion', but idiomatically it means someone is exceptionally brave or fearless.

No. 'दिल' (Dil) means heart and is used for emotions like love and sadness. 'गुर्दा' is for bravery and physical health.

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自分をテスト 192 問

writing

Write a sentence using 'गुर्दा' to mean kidney.

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Write a sentence using 'गुर्दा' to mean courage.

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Translate: 'Drinking water is good for the kidney.'

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writing

Describe a brave person using the word 'गुर्दा'.

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writing

Write a short dialogue between a doctor and a patient about a kidney stone.

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Translate: 'He donated his kidney to his brother.'

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Write three things that are bad for the kidney.

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writing

Use 'गुर्दे' (plural) in a sentence.

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Translate: 'The doctor checked my kidney.'

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Write a warning about kidney failure.

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Translate: 'You need guts to do this.'

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writing

Write a sentence using 'गुर्दा विशेषज्ञ'.

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writing

Translate: 'There is a stone in the left kidney.'

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writing

Write about the 'iPhone-kidney' meme in Hindi.

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Translate: 'Kidney transplant is expensive.'

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Use 'शेर का गुर्दा' in a sentence about a soldier.

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Translate: 'The kidney filters the blood.'

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Write a sentence using 'गुर्दा-कलेजी'.

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Translate: 'Do you have the guts to go there?'

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writing

Write a sentence about organ donation.

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speaking

Pronounce correctly: गुर्दा

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Pronounce correctly: गुर्दे

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Say in Hindi: 'My kidney hurts.'

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Say in Hindi: 'He has guts.'

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Say in Hindi: 'Drink water for your kidney.'

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Ask in Hindi: 'Do you have a kidney stone?'

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Say in Hindi: 'He is a kidney specialist.'

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Say in Hindi: 'I want to donate my kidney.'

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Say in Hindi: 'You need guts to speak the truth.'

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Say in Hindi: 'Kidney cleans the blood.'

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Pronounce: गुर्दा प्रत्यारोपण

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Say: 'He has the guts of a lion.'

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Ask: 'Where is the kidney hospital?'

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Say: 'I have two kidneys.'

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Say: 'Too much salt is bad for kidneys.'

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Say: 'He needs a transplant.'

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Say: 'Stop worrying about your kidney.'

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Say: 'Is this kidney fresh?' (At a butcher shop).

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Say: 'He showed his guts today.'

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Say: 'Kidney failure is serious.'

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listening

Listen to the word: गुर्दा. What does it mean?

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listening

Listen to the sentence: 'मेरे गुर्दे में दर्द है।' Where is the pain?

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Listen: 'उसमें गुर्दा है।' Does the person have courage?

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listening

Listen: 'गुर्दे की पथरी।' What is the medical issue?

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Listen: 'गुर्दा प्रत्यारोपण सफल रहा।' Was the surgery successful?

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listening

Listen: 'शेर का गुर्दा।' What animal is mentioned?

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Listen: 'पानी गुर्दे के लिए अच्छा है।' What is good for the kidney?

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Listen: 'गुर्दा विशेषज्ञ।' Who is being referred to?

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Listen: 'एक गुर्दा बेच दिया।' Why might someone say this in a joke?

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Listen: 'गुर्दा विफलता।' What happened to the organ?

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Listen: 'बाएँ गुर्दे में दर्द है।' Which side is the pain on?

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listening

Listen: 'गुर्दा दान दिवस।' What day is it?

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Listen: 'ताज़ा गुर्दा।' What is the quality of the kidney?

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Listen: 'स्वस्थ गुर्दा।' What kind of kidney is it?

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Listen: 'गुर्दे की जाँच।' What is being done?

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/ 192 correct

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