पदार्थ 30秒で
- पदार्थ (Padārth) means matter or substance in Hindi.
- It is a formal masculine noun used in science and philosophy.
- It covers solids, liquids, and gases as physical entities.
- Commonly used in phrases like 'khadya padarth' (food items).
The Hindi word पदार्थ (Padārth) is a multifaceted term that primarily translates to 'matter,' 'substance,' or 'material' in English. Derived from the Sanskrit roots 'Pada' (word or category) and 'Artha' (meaning or object), its literal etymological meaning is 'the meaning of a word,' which in ancient Indian philosophy (specifically the Vaisheshika school) refers to anything that can be named and known—essentially, the constituent elements of the universe. In modern Hindi, however, its usage has shifted more towards the physical and scientific realms. When you speak of padārth, you are generally referring to physical entities that occupy space and have mass. This could range from the microscopic atoms studied in a chemistry lab to the tangible goods found in a marketplace. Understanding this word requires a grasp of both its scientific precision and its everyday utility.
- Scientific Context
- In physics and chemistry, it refers to 'matter' in its three primary states: solid (ठोस), liquid (द्रव), and gas (गैस). It is the fundamental building block of the physical world.
- Everyday Context
- It often refers to 'items' or 'substances,' particularly in the context of food (खाद्य पदार्थ) or chemical compositions.
- Philosophical Context
- In classical Indian logic, it represents the categories of existence, encompassing both the material and the metaphysical.
"ब्रह्मांड के हर पदार्थ में ऊर्जा निहित होती है।" (Every substance in the universe contains energy.)
To truly master पदार्थ, one must differentiate it from similar words like 'वस्तु' (Vastu). While 'Vastu' usually refers to a discrete object like a chair or a pen, 'Padārth' refers to the material or the essence of that object. For instance, a chair is a 'Vastu,' but the wood it is made of is the 'Padārth.' This distinction is crucial for B2 level learners who wish to speak with technical accuracy. Furthermore, the word is often paired with adjectives to describe specific categories of things, such as 'नशीले पदार्थ' (intoxicants) or 'विस्फोटक पदार्थ' (explosive substances). This versatility makes it an indispensable part of the Hindi vocabulary for anyone discussing science, law, or philosophy.
"दूध एक संपूर्ण पदार्थ माना जाता है।" (Milk is considered a complete substance/food item.)
"प्लास्टिक एक हानिकारक पदार्थ है।" (Plastic is a harmful substance.)
"वैज्ञानिक नए पदार्थों की खोज कर रहे हैं।" (Scientists are searching for new materials/substances.)
Using पदार्थ correctly involves understanding its grammatical role as a masculine noun and its semantic range. It is rarely used in casual, slang-heavy conversations where words like 'चीज़' (cheez) or 'सामान' (saaman) are preferred. Instead, padārth finds its home in formal, academic, and technical settings. If you are writing an essay on environmental pollution, describing the ingredients of a medicine, or discussing the properties of metals, padārth is your go-to word.
Grammatical Nuances
As a masculine noun, it follows standard declension patterns. In the plural form, it becomes पदार्थों (padārthon) when followed by a postposition. For example: "इन पदार्थों में..." (In these substances...). It is important to match your adjectives and verbs accordingly. Since it is masculine, you would say 'ठोस पदार्थ' (solid substance) rather than 'ठोस पदार्थी'.
- As a Subject: पदार्थ की अवस्था बदल रही है। (The state of the matter is changing.)
- As an Object: हमने जहरीले पदार्थ को हटा दिया। (We removed the toxic substance.)
- In Compound Words: It frequently appears in compounds like खाद्य-पदार्थ (foodstuffs) or अपशिष्ट-पदार्थ (waste material).
One of the most common ways you will encounter this word is in the context of 'States of Matter' (पदार्थ की अवस्थाएँ). In a B2 level conversation, being able to categorize things as 'thos' (solid), 'drav' (liquid), or 'gas' (gas) using the word padārth demonstrates a high level of linguistic competence. Furthermore, in legal contexts, 'प्रतिबंधित पदार्थ' (prohibited substances) is a common phrase used in police reports and court proceedings.
You will encounter पदार्थ in several specific environments. Recognizing these contexts will help you understand the nuance of the word better. It is a 'high-register' word, meaning it sounds educated and formal.
- Educational Institutions
- From primary school science classes to university research labs, this is the standard term for 'matter.' Teachers will ask, "पदार्थ की कितनी अवस्थाएँ होती हैं?" (How many states of matter are there?)
- News and Media
- News anchors use it when reporting on chemical spills, the discovery of new minerals, or government bans on certain materials like single-use plastics.
- Health and Nutrition
- On the back of food packaging, you might see 'पोषक पदार्थ' (nutritional substances) or 'मिलावटी पदार्थ' (adulterants) mentioned in health warnings.
In literature, especially in non-fiction or philosophical essays, padārth is used to discuss the nature of reality. A writer might reflect on the 'नश्वर पदार्थ' (perishable substances) of the world, contrasting them with the eternal soul. This shows the word's journey from a purely physical descriptor to a tool for metaphysical inquiry. If you are watching a documentary in Hindi about space or the deep ocean, you will hear this word repeatedly as the narrator describes the composition of stars or the chemicals found in hydrothermal vents.
Even advanced learners sometimes stumble when using पदार्थ. The most frequent error is using it in place of 'वस्तु' (Vastu) or 'चीज़' (Cheez) in informal settings. Saying "मुझे वह पदार्थ दो" (Give me that substance) when you want someone to hand you a pen sounds incredibly robotic and strange. Use 'cheez' for everyday objects.
- Gender Errors: Some learners mistakenly treat it as feminine because it ends in a consonant that doesn't clearly signal gender. Remember: पदार्थ masculine है। Always use 'बड़ा पदार्थ', 'यह पदार्थ', 'पदार्थ होता है'.
- Over-generalization: Don't use it for abstract concepts like 'love' or 'time.' While 'Padārth' in ancient philosophy could cover many things, in modern Hindi, it is strictly for physical matter. For abstract things, use 'विषय' (subject) or 'भाव' (feeling).
- Pluralization: In the oblique case (when followed by prepositions like 'ka', 'se', 'me'), many forget to change it to 'पदार्थों'. Incorrect: "पदार्थ में मिलावट है" (when referring to multiple). Correct: "इन पदार्थों में मिलावट है।"
Another mistake is confusing it with 'तत्व' (Tatva - Element). An element is a specific type of matter (like Oxygen), whereas padārth is the general term for any substance or matter. Water is a padārth (compound/substance), but Hydrogen is a tatva (element).
To enrich your vocabulary, it's helpful to compare पदार्थ with its synonyms and related terms. Each has a slightly different flavor.
- वस्तु (Vastu)
- Refers to a specific, tangible object. A 'Vastu' is something you can hold, like a book. 'Padārth' is what the book is made of (paper/ink).
- द्रव्य (Dravya)
- Often used interchangeably with 'Padārth' in science, but 'Dravya' also has a strong connection to wealth or liquid assets in certain contexts.
- सामग्री (Sāmagri)
- Refers to 'materials' or 'ingredients' needed for a specific purpose, like 'pujan sāmagri' (materials for worship) or 'raw materials' for a factory.
- चीज़ (Cheez)
- The most common, informal word for 'thing.' Use this in daily life.
By choosing the right word, you signal your level of education and your understanding of the context. Using padārth in a science report is expected; using it at a dinner table to ask for salt is humorous.
How Formal Is It?
難易度
知っておくべき文法
Masculine noun declension
Adjective-noun agreement
Oblique case in plural nouns
Compound noun formation
レベル別の例文
यह क्या पदार्थ है?
What is this substance?
Simple interrogative sentence.
दूध एक अच्छा पदार्थ है।
Milk is a good substance.
Subject-complement structure.
खाने के पदार्थ यहाँ हैं।
The food items are here.
Genitive 'ke' used with plural.
पानी एक तरल पदार्थ है।
Water is a liquid substance.
Adjective 'taral' modifying 'padarth'.
यह पदार्थ सफेद है।
This substance is white.
Masculine singular agreement.
वहाँ बहुत से पदार्थ हैं।
There are many substances there.
Plural usage.
क्या यह मीठा पदार्थ है?
Is this a sweet substance?
Yes/No question.
मुझे यह पदार्थ पसंद है।
I like this substance.
Dative subject construction.
लोहा एक कठोर पदार्थ है।
Iron is a hard substance.
Descriptive adjective 'kathor'.
प्लास्टिक एक मानव-निर्मित पदार्थ है।
Plastic is a man-made substance.
Compound adjective usage.
इस पदार्थ का रंग नीला है।
The color of this substance is blue.
Genitive 'ka' showing possession.
वैज्ञानिक नए पदार्थ बना रहे हैं।
Scientists are making new substances.
Present continuous tense.
हवा भी एक पदार्थ है।
Air is also a substance.
Inclusion particle 'bhi'.
जहरीले पदार्थों से दूर रहें।
Stay away from toxic substances.
Oblique plural with 'se'.
यह पदार्थ पानी में घुल जाता है।
This substance dissolves in water.
Habitual present tense.
सोना एक कीमती पदार्थ है।
Gold is a precious substance.
Adjective 'keemti'.
खाद्य पदार्थों की शुद्धता बहुत जरूरी है।
The purity of food items is very important.
Abstract noun 'shuddhata'.
इस पदार्थ में कई गुण होते हैं।
This substance has many properties.
Locative 'mein' with plural 'gun'.
नशीले पदार्थों का सेवन स्वास्थ्य के लिए हानिकारक है।
Consumption of intoxicating substances is harmful to health.
Formal 'sevan' (consumption).
वैज्ञानिकों ने एक अजीब पदार्थ की खोज की है।
Scientists have discovered a strange substance.
Perfective aspect 'khoj ki hai'.
ठोस पदार्थ का आकार निश्चित होता है।
The shape of a solid substance is fixed.
Technical description.
कारखाने से हानिकारक पदार्थ निकल रहे हैं।
Harmful substances are coming out of the factory.
Ablative 'se' showing origin.
क्या आप इस पदार्थ की संरचना जानते हैं?
Do you know the structure of this substance?
Formal question.
प्रकृति में हर पदार्थ का अपना महत्व है।
Every substance in nature has its own importance.
Reflexive 'apna'.
पदार्थ की तीन मुख्य अवस्थाएँ होती हैं: ठोस, द्रव और गैस।
There are three main states of matter: solid, liquid, and gas.
Categorical listing.
रेडियोधर्मी पदार्थों का सुरक्षित निपटान एक बड़ी चुनौती है।
Safe disposal of radioactive substances is a major challenge.
Complex noun phrase 'surakshit niptan'.
इस रासायनिक पदार्थ की प्रतिक्रिया बहुत तीव्र है।
The reaction of this chemical substance is very rapid.
Technical adjective 'teevra'.
पदार्थ के कण निरंतर गति में रहते हैं।
Particles of matter are in constant motion.
Scientific principle.
विस्फोटक पदार्थों को ले जाना प्रतिबंधित है।
Carrying explosive substances is prohibited.
Passive construction 'pratibandhit hai'.
प्लास्टिक जैसे अजैविक पदार्थ पर्यावरण को नुकसान पहुँचाते हैं।
Non-biodegradable substances like plastic harm the environment.
Comparison using 'jaise'.
वैज्ञानिकों ने पदार्थ के एक नए रूप की पहचान की है।
Scientists have identified a new form of matter.
Identification 'pehchan ki hai'.
किसी भी पदार्थ का द्रव्यमान स्थिर रहता है।
The mass of any substance remains constant.
Universal truth.
वैशेषिक दर्शन में सात प्रकार के पदार्थों का वर्णन है।
In Vaisheshika philosophy, seven types of categories/substances are described.
Philosophical context.
चेतना और पदार्थ के बीच का संबंध अत्यंत जटिल है।
The relationship between consciousness and matter is extremely complex.
Abstract comparison.
पदार्थ की नश्वरता भारतीय चिंतन का एक मुख्य विषय है।
The perishability of matter is a main theme of Indian thought.
Thematic noun 'nashvarta'.
आधुनिक भौतिकी पदार्थ को ऊर्जा का ही एक रूप मानती है।
Modern physics considers matter to be just a form of energy.
Scientific perspective.
लेखक ने संसार के भौतिक पदार्थों के प्रति वैराग्य व्यक्त किया है।
The author has expressed detachment towards the physical substances of the world.
Literary register.
पदार्थ की सूक्ष्म संरचना को समझना विज्ञान की बड़ी उपलब्धि है।
Understanding the microscopic structure of matter is a great achievement of science.
Complex genitive structure.
क्या पदार्थ के बिना अस्तित्व संभव है?
Is existence possible without matter?
Philosophical inquiry.
विभिन्न पदार्थों के मिश्रण से एक नया यौगिक बनता है।
A new compound is formed by the mixture of different substances.
Process description.
पदार्थ और प्रति-पदार्थ (antimatter) के मिलन से अपार ऊर्जा उत्पन्न होती है।
The meeting of matter and antimatter generates immense energy.
Advanced scientific terminology.
शंकराचार्य के अद्वैतवाद में जगत के पदार्थों को माया माना गया है।
In Shankaracharya's Advaitism, the substances of the world are considered Maya (illusion).
Theological context.
पदार्थ की द्वैत प्रकृति (dual nature) क्वांटम भौतिकी का आधार है।
The dual nature of matter is the basis of quantum physics.
Specialized academic usage.
ब्रह्मांड के दृश्य पदार्थों के अतिरिक्त 'डार्क मैटर' का भी अस्तित्व है।
In addition to the visible matter of the universe, 'dark matter' also exists.
Advanced astronomy context.
पदार्थ की अनित्यता का बोध ही आध्यात्मिक जागृति का प्रथम सोपान है।
The realization of the impermanence of matter is the first step of spiritual awakening.
High literary style.
पदार्थ के परमाणु स्तर पर होने वाले परिवर्तनों का गहन अध्ययन आवश्यक है।
In-depth study of changes occurring at the atomic level of matter is necessary.
Technical research language.
पदार्थ की सघनता उसके गुरुत्वाकर्षण को प्रभावित करती है।
The density of matter affects its gravity.
Physics principle.
क्या हम पदार्थ की सीमाओं से परे जाकर सत्य को खोज सकते हैं?
Can we find truth by going beyond the limits of matter?
Existential question.
よく使う組み合わせ
よく使うフレーズ
よく混同される語
Vastu is a specific object; Padarth is the material.
Tatva is an element; Padarth is any matter.
Drav is liquid; Padarth is matter (any state).
慣用句と表現
間違えやすい
文型パターン
使い方
The plural is the same as singular (Padārth) unless in the oblique case (Padārthon).
In science, it's 'matter'. In daily life, it's 'substance' or 'item'.
- Treating it as feminine.
- Using it for abstract concepts like 'time'.
- Confusing it with 'Drav' (liquid).
- Forgetting the oblique plural 'Padarthon'.
- Using it too informally where 'cheez' is better.
ヒント
Use in Science
Always use Padarth when translating science-related texts.
Gender Check
Remember it is masculine: 'Achha padarth', not 'Achhi padarth'.
Formal Tone
Use it to sound more educated in formal discussions.
Context Clues
Look for adjectives before it to understand the specific substance.
Compound Words
Learn compounds like 'khadya-padarth' to expand your range.
Philosophical Roots
Knowing its philosophical origin helps in C1/C2 levels.
News Reports
Pay attention to this word in news about chemicals or drugs.
Association
Associate it with 'Periodic Table' to remember 'matter'.
Avoid Slang
Don't use it for 'stuff' in very casual talk; use 'saaman'.
Definition
In exams, define it as something having mass and volume.
暗記しよう
語源
Sanskrit
文化的な背景
The term 'khadya padarth' is used in government regulations regarding food safety (FSSAI).
India has a long history of studying matter, from ancient alchemy to modern nuclear physics.
実生活で練習する
実際の使用場面
会話のきっかけ
"क्या आप जानते हैं कि पदार्थ की चौथी अवस्था क्या है?"
"आपके पसंदीदा खाद्य पदार्थ कौन से हैं?"
"क्या प्लास्टिक जैसे पदार्थों पर प्रतिबंध लगाना सही है?"
"विज्ञान में पदार्थ की परिभाषा क्या है?"
"क्या आत्मा को एक पदार्थ माना जा सकता है?"
日記のテーマ
आज आपने कौन-कौन से नए पदार्थों के बारे में सुना?
अपने आस-पास के पाँच ठोस पदार्थों के नाम लिखें।
क्या आपको लगता है कि हम बहुत अधिक भौतिक पदार्थों (material things) पर निर्भर हैं?
एक ऐसे पदार्थ के बारे में लिखें जो पर्यावरण के लिए अच्छा है।
पदार्थ और ऊर्जा के संबंध पर अपने विचार लिखें।
よくある質問
10 問It primarily means 'matter' or 'substance'.
It is a masculine noun.
Yes, 'khadya padarth' means food items or foodstuffs.
The plural remains 'Padarth', but becomes 'Padarthon' in the oblique case.
It is common in formal, scientific, and educational contexts.
Padarth is the substance/matter; Vastu is the specific object.
It is 'Padarth ki avasthayein'.
Yes, it refers to categories of existence in Indian logic.
It means intoxicating substances or narcotics.
Yes, it originates from Sanskrit.
自分をテスト 180 問
/ 180 correct
Perfect score!
Summary
Padārth is the essential Hindi term for 'matter' or 'substance.' While 'Vastu' refers to specific objects, 'Padārth' refers to the material itself. It is indispensable for formal communication, scientific discussion, and understanding Indian philosophical categories.
- पदार्थ (Padārth) means matter or substance in Hindi.
- It is a formal masculine noun used in science and philosophy.
- It covers solids, liquids, and gases as physical entities.
- Commonly used in phrases like 'khadya padarth' (food items).
Use in Science
Always use Padarth when translating science-related texts.
Gender Check
Remember it is masculine: 'Achha padarth', not 'Achhi padarth'.
Formal Tone
Use it to sound more educated in formal discussions.
Context Clues
Look for adjectives before it to understand the specific substance.
例文
पानी एक महत्वपूर्ण रासायनिक पदार्थ है।
関連コンテンツ
generalの関連語
आभार व्यक्त करना
B1感謝の意を表す、または謝意を述べる。正式な場面で使われます。「皆様に感謝の意を表したいと思います。」
आचरण करना
C1振る舞う；特定の（通常は道徳的な）方法で行動すること。 '彼は品位を持って振る舞う。'
आगे
A1Forward; ahead.
आगे बढ़ना
A2前進すること、または進歩すること。
आगामी
B1今度の、来たる。近い将来に予定されている出来事について使われます。
आह्वान करना
B1To call, to summon, to request someone's presence.
आज रात
A2今夜; 今日の夜。
आजमाना
A2それがどのように機能するか、または何が起こるかを見るために何かを試すかテストすること。
आक्रमण करना
B2国や集団に対して軍事作戦を開始すること。
आखिरी
A2最後、最終。 「最後のバス」は「Aakhiri bus」です。 「最後の一回」は「Aakhiri baar」と言います。
