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उनींदा

B1 adjective 12分で読める

उनींदा

uneenda

練習する例文メモとヒント उनींदा 30秒で

解説 उनींदा in your Level:

At the A1 level, you usually learn basic words like 'नींद' (nīnd - sleep) or 'थका' (thakā - tired). 'उनींदा' (unīndā) is a slightly more advanced word that describes the feeling *of* being sleepy. Think of it as the English word 'drowsy'. If you stay up late watching cartoons and your eyes feel heavy, you are 'unīndā'. In simple sentences, you can say 'Main unīndā hoon' (I am sleepy). Remember, if you are a girl, you say 'Main unīndī hoon'. It is a useful word to know when you want to tell someone you are ready for bed but aren't quite asleep yet.

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For A2 learners, 'उनींदा' (unīndā) helps you move beyond basic physical states. You can start using it to describe other people or things. For example, 'Vah baccā unīndā hai' (That child is sleepy). You should also notice how the word changes based on the noun. 'Unīndī āñkheñ' (sleepy eyes) is a very common phrase you might hear. At this level, focus on the grammar: 'unīndā' for a boy, 'unīndī' for a girl or plural feminine things, and 'unīnde' for plural boys. It’s a step up from just saying 'nīnd aa rahi hai' (sleep is coming), making your Hindi sound more descriptive.

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At the B1 level, 'उनींदा' (unīndā) is a key vocabulary word for describing states of being in more detail. You should be able to use it in stories or to describe how you feel in different situations, like after a long flight or during a boring class. You can use it with verbs like 'लगना' (lagna - to seem/look). For instance, 'Tum unīnde lag rahe ho' (You are looking sleepy). This level requires you to understand the nuance—it's specifically about the *heaviness* of sleep, not just general tiredness. You can also start using it in semi-formal writing or when discussing daily routines and health.

B2 learners should use 'उनींदा' (unīndā) with more sophistication, perhaps using it metaphorically. You might describe a 'sleepy village' (unīndā gāon) to imply a lack of activity or a peaceful atmosphere. You should also be able to distinguish it from similar words like 'alasāyā' (lethargic) or 'sust' (lazy). At this level, you can use it in complex sentences: 'Pūrī rāt jagne ke bāvadjūd, vah unīndā nahīñ dikh rahā thā' (Despite staying up all night, he was not looking sleepy). This shows you can handle contrast and advanced sentence structures while using specific adjectives.

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At the C1 level, you will encounter 'उनींदा' (unīndā) in classical literature and high-level journalism. You should appreciate its poetic value. It is often used to describe the 'alas' of a beautiful morning or the vulnerable state of a character. You should be able to discuss the etymology (from 'nīnd') and how it differs from the more clinical 'nindrālū'. At this level, you might use the noun form 'unīndāpan' (drowsiness) in a discussion about sleep hygiene or productivity. Your usage should be seamless, reflecting the correct gender and number agreement without thought, even in rapid conversation.

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For C2 mastery, 'उनींदा' (unīndā) is a word you use to add texture and color to your speech or writing. You can use it to evoke specific moods in creative writing or to analyze its use in Hindi poetry and songs. You understand its subtle connotations—how it can imply innocence, exhaustion, or even a romanticized lethargy. You can use it in its most abstract forms, such as describing an 'unīndā vichār' (a half-formed, drowsy thought). At this level, the word is not just a vocabulary item but a tool for artistic expression, allowing you to capture the finest shades of human experience.

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उनींदा 30秒で

Unīndā is a Hindi adjective meaning 'sleepy' or 'drowsy', used to describe a person's physical state of wanting to sleep.
It is a declinable adjective, changing to 'unīndī' for feminine and 'unīnde' for plural or respectful contexts.
The word is commonly used in literature and daily life to describe heavy eyes, soft voices, or a quiet atmosphere.
It is derived from the Hindi word 'nīnd' (sleep) and is more descriptive than the basic word for 'tired' (thakā).

The Hindi adjective उनींदा (unīndā) is a beautiful, evocative word that describes a state of being somewhere between sleep and wakefulness. Derived from the root word 'नींद' (nīnd), which means sleep, 'उनींदा' specifically refers to the feeling of being drowsy, heavy-eyed, or partially asleep. It is not just about being tired or exhausted (for which you would use 'थका हुआ' - thakā huā); rather, it captures the physiological and psychological sensation of sleepiness pulling at your consciousness. Imagine the moment the alarm goes off at 5:00 AM, and your eyes feel heavy, almost glued shut—that is the essence of being 'unīndā'.

Nuance: Unlike 'sust' (lazy), 'unīndā' implies an involuntary physical need for sleep rather than a lack of motivation. It is often used in literary contexts to describe a romanticized or vulnerable state.

वह अपनी उनींदी आँखों से खिड़की के बाहर देख रहा था। (He was looking out of the window with his sleepy eyes.)

In daily conversation, you use this word when someone looks like they haven't slept enough or when you are describing the atmosphere of a quiet, early morning. It is a 'Tadbhava' word, meaning it has evolved from Sanskrit into common Hindi, making it feel organic and grounded. When you describe a person as 'unīndā', you are highlighting their physical appearance—the drooping eyelids, the slow movements, and the slightly confused expression that comes with drowsiness. It is frequently paired with 'आँखें' (eyes) because that is where sleepiness is most visible.

पूरी रात जागने के बाद, उसका चेहरा उनींदा लग रहा था। (After staying up all night, his face was looking drowsy.)

Register: This word is semi-formal to formal. In very casual slang, people might just say 'nīnd mein' (in sleep), but 'unīndā' adds a descriptive layer of quality to the state of being.

Culturally, 'unīndā' appears often in Bollywood songs and Hindi poetry (Kavita). It describes the 'alas' or the sweet lethargy of a lover or the quietude of a village at dawn. It evokes a sense of peace or sometimes a sense of struggle against the demands of the day. If you arrive at a meeting looking half-asleep, a colleague might comment on your 'unīndī' appearance, suggesting you need a strong cup of 'chai'. It is a word that bridges the gap between a medical term like 'nindrālū' (somnolent) and a basic word like 'tired'. Understanding 'unīndā' helps you describe a specific human condition that everyone experiences but requires the right adjective to convey accurately.

सुबह की उनींदी धूप में बैठना बहुत सुखद होता है। (Sitting in the drowsy morning sunlight is very pleasant.)

Synonym Comparison: Compared to 'nindrālū', 'unīndā' is more common in literature and high-level conversation. 'Nindrālū' sounds more scientific or technical, like something you would read in a biology textbook.

To master this word, think of the 'middle ground'. It is the state of a student during a boring lecture, a driver on a long highway at midnight, or a child being woken up for school. It is a word that carries weight and texture, making your Hindi sound more natural and descriptive. By using 'unīndā' instead of just saying someone is 'tired', you show a deeper command of the language's nuances regarding human states of consciousness.

Using उनींदा (unīndā) correctly requires an understanding of Hindi's gender and number agreement for adjectives. Since it ends in the vowel 'ā', it is a declinable adjective. This means it changes its ending based on the noun it modifies. For a masculine singular noun like 'लड़का' (boy) or 'स्वर' (voice), it remains 'उनींदा'. For a feminine noun like 'लड़की' (girl) or 'आवाज़' (voice), it becomes 'उनींदी'. For masculine plural nouns or to show respect, it becomes 'उनींदे'.

Masculine Singular: वह एक उनींदा बच्चा है। (He is a sleepy child.)

अमित का चेहरा उनींदा था। (Amit's face was drowsy.)

When modifying feminine nouns, the transformation is crucial for grammatical accuracy. You will often hear this used with 'आँखें' (eyes), which is a feminine plural noun in Hindi. Therefore, 'unīndā' becomes 'unīndī'. Even though 'eyes' is plural, the feminine ending '-ī' stays the same for both singular and plural feminine nouns in most dialects, though sometimes 'unīndī' is followed by the plural verb to indicate the count.

Feminine Plural: उसकी उनींदी आँखें बंद हो रही थीं। (Her sleepy eyes were closing.)

माँ ने अपनी उनींदी आवाज़ में लोरी सुनाई। (Mother sang a lullaby in her drowsy voice.)

The masculine plural form 'unīnde' is used when referring to multiple males or a mixed group, or when using the polite form for an elder. For example, if you are talking about a group of travelers who just got off a night bus, you would use 'unīnde'.

Masculine Plural: वे सभी यात्री उनींदे लग रहे थे। (All those travelers were looking sleepy.)

पिताजी उनींदे हैं, उन्हें परेशान मत करो। (Father is sleepy, don't disturb him.)

In more complex sentence structures, 'unīndā' can be used to set a scene or describe an atmosphere. It isn't limited to people; it can describe a 'drowsy afternoon' (unīndī dopahar) or a 'sleepy town' (unīndā shahar). This metaphorical use adds a poetic quality to your speech. When you use it to describe a town, you are implying that the town is quiet, slow-moving, and perhaps lacks activity, much like a person who is about to fall asleep. This versatility makes it a powerful tool for creative writing in Hindi. Always ensure that the adjective precedes the noun it describes or follows the subject in a predicate position. For instance, 'Unīndā bālak' (Sleepy boy) vs 'Bālak unīndā hai' (The boy is sleepy). Both are correct but emphasize different aspects of the description.

The word उनींदा (unīndā) occupies a specific niche in the Hindi linguistic landscape. While you might hear 'nīnd aa rahi hai' (I'm feeling sleepy) in a very casual household setting, 'unīndā' is the word of choice in literature, news reporting, and high-quality cinema. If you are reading a Hindi novel by Premchand or a modern short story, you will frequently encounter this word used to describe characters who are weary or lost in thought. It carries a certain weight that basic words lack.

In Literature: Authors use 'unīndā' to create mood. A character walking through an 'unīndā' forest suggests a place that is quiet, mysterious, and still.

उपन्यास में नायक का उनींदा स्वभाव उसकी उदासी को दर्शाता है। (In the novel, the protagonist's drowsy nature reflects his sadness.)

In the world of Bollywood and music, 'unīndā' is a favorite for lyricists. It fits perfectly into the rhythm of a song describing a late-night conversation or the feeling of being 'drunk' on love. Songs often talk about 'unīndī rātein' (sleepy nights) or 'unīndī aankhen' (sleepy eyes) to evoke a sense of intimacy and softness. If you listen to soulful tracks or ghazals, pay attention to the descriptions of the eyes—you will likely hear this word used to describe the beauty of a person who is half-asleep.

In News & Journalism: While rare in hard news, feature stories about night shifts, sleep disorders, or the atmosphere of a city at 3 AM will use 'unīndā' to add descriptive flair.

You will also hear this word in educational settings. A teacher might notice an 'unīndā' student in the back of the classroom and ask if they stayed up too late studying. In this context, it is a polite but precise way to point out someone's lack of alertness. It is less harsh than saying 'you are sleeping' (tum so rahe ho) and more descriptive of their visible state. In social gatherings, if someone is yawning and has heavy eyes, a friend might say, 'Aap kaafi unīnde lag rahe hain' (You are looking quite sleepy), implying that the person should perhaps head home and rest. This usage shows the word's role in maintaining social etiquette while being honest about someone's condition. Overall, 'unīndā' is a bridge between the mundane and the poetic, making it an essential part of a B1-level Hindi vocabulary.

फिल्म के उस दृश्य में, नायक उनींदी हालत में अपनी मंज़िल की ओर बढ़ता है। (In that scene of the film, the hero moves toward his destination in a drowsy state.)

Cultural Context: In Indian households, the 'unīndā' state of a child on a cold winter morning, wrapped in a blanket, is a common and often cherished domestic image.

One of the most frequent mistakes learners make with उनींदा (unīndā) is confusing it with the noun 'नींद' (nīnd). While they are related, 'नींद' is the thing itself (sleep), whereas 'उनींदा' is the adjective describing the person who wants it. You cannot say 'Mujhe unīndā aa rahi hai'—that would be like saying 'Sleepy is coming to me.' Instead, you say 'Mujhe nīnd aa rahi hai' (I am feeling sleepy/sleep is coming to me) or 'Main unīndā hoon' (I am sleepy).

Noun vs. Adjective: Wrong: मुझे उनींदा महसूस हो रहा है। (I am feeling sleepy - Incorrect usage of adjective as a noun)
Right: मैं उनींदा महसूस कर रहा हूँ। (I am feeling sleepy.)

वह उनींदा है। (He is sleepy.) - Correct.

Another common error is failing to decline the adjective for gender. Because 'unīndā' ends in 'ā', it is strictly tied to the gender of the noun. If you are a woman and you say 'Main unīndā hoon', it is grammatically incorrect; you must say 'Main unīndī hoon'. This is a common slip-up for English speakers because 'sleepy' is gender-neutral in English. In Hindi, the adjective is like a mirror reflecting the noun it describes.

Gender Mismatch: Mistake: उनींदा लड़की (unīndā laṛkī)
Correction: उनींदी लड़की (unīndī laṛkī)

Learners also sometimes confuse 'unīndā' with 'thakā huā' (tired). While a tired person is often sleepy, they aren't the same. You can be tired after a workout but perfectly awake. Conversely, you can be 'unīndā' in the morning even if you haven't done any physical work. Using 'unīndā' implies the specific urge to close one's eyes and drift off. Using 'thakā huā' refers to a lack of energy or physical exhaustion. Choosing the right one shows you understand the nuances of the Hindi language. Finally, avoid using 'unīndā' for someone who is already fully asleep. For that, use 'soyā huā'. 'Unīndā' is the transition state—the bridge between wakefulness and the dream world.

वह सोया हुआ है (He is asleep) vs वह उनींदा है (He is sleepy).

The 'Alas' Mistake: Don't confuse 'unīndā' with 'ālsī' (lazy). An 'ālsī' person doesn't want to work; an 'unīndā' person can't stay awake.

To broaden your vocabulary, it is helpful to look at words that are similar to उनींदा (unīndā) but carry slightly different connotations. In Hindi, there are several ways to describe the spectrum of tiredness and sleepiness. Understanding these will help you choose the exact word for the situation.

Nindrālū (निद्रालू): This is a more formal, Sanskrit-derived version of 'unīndā'. It translates directly to 'somnolent' or 'prone to sleep'. You might see this in medical contexts or very formal literature. It sounds more clinical than the evocative 'unīndā'.

दवा के कारण वह निद्रालू महसूस कर रहा था। (He was feeling somnolent due to the medicine.)

Another common alternative is अलसाया (alasāyā). This word comes from 'ālas' (laziness/lethargy) and describes a state of being sluggish or drowsy, often specifically after waking up or during a hot afternoon. While 'unīndā' focuses on the need for sleep, 'alasāyā' focuses on the lack of energy and the desire to remain still. They are often used together to describe a very sleepy person.

Alasāyā (अलसाया): Describes a lethargic, slow, or sluggish state. Example: 'Alasāyī huī dopahar' (A lethargic afternoon).

If you want to describe someone who is extremely tired, you would use थका-मांदा (thakā-māndā). This is a compound word that emphasizes exhaustion, often from hard labor or a long journey. It is much stronger than 'unīndā'. A 'thakā-māndā' person might be 'unīndā', but their primary state is one of physical depletion. Lastly, in poetic or very old Hindi, you might find तन्द्रा (tandrā), which refers to a trance-like state or a light slumber. It is much more abstract and less common in daily life than our target word.

Comparison Table

Unīndā: Drowsy, eyes closing (B1 level).
Nindrālū: Clinical/Formal sleepy (C1 level).
Sust: Lazy, slow (A2 level).
Thakā: Tired, no energy (A1 level).

By mastering these distinctions, you can describe a character's physical state with much more precision. Instead of just saying someone is 'tired', you can paint a picture of them being 'unīndā' (fighting sleep) or 'alasāyā' (enjoying their lethargy).

How Formal Is It?

豆知識

Many Hindi words ending in '-indā' or '-andā' have Persian influences, but 'unīndā' is purely Indic in its core, showing how Hindi blends different linguistic textures to create specific adjectives.

発音ガイド

UK /ʊˈniːn.dɑː/

US /uˈnin.dɑ/

The primary stress is on the second syllable 'nīn'.

韻が合う語

जिंदा (jindā - alive) शर्मिंदा (sharmindā - ashamed) परिंदा (parindā - bird) चुनिंदा (chunindā - selected) दरिंदा (darindā - beast) गंदा (gandā - dirty) बंदा (bandā - person) फंदा (phandā - noose)

よくある間違い

Pronouncing the 'd' as a hard English 'd' (retroflex) instead of a soft dental 'd' (tongue against teeth).
Shortening the 'ee' sound in the middle.
Forgetting to nasalize the 'n' in 'nīn'.
Pronouncing the initial 'u' too long like 'ooze'.
Failing to change the ending to 'ī' or 'e' when appropriate.

難易度

読解 3/5

Easy to recognize once the root 'nīnd' is known.

ライティング 4/5

Requires memory of the nasalized 'n' and the 'ī' vowel.

スピーキング 3/5

Easy to pronounce, but requires gender agreement.

リスニング 3/5

Clear pronunciation makes it easy to catch in speech.

次に学ぶべきこと

前提知識

नींद (nīnd) आँखें (āñkheñ) सोना (sonā) थका (thakā) लगना (lagnā)

次に学ぶ

अलसाया (alasāyā) सुस्ती (sustī) बेचैनी (bechainī) गहरी नींद (gahrī nīnd) जागना (jāgnā)

上級

निद्रालू (nindrālū) तन्द्रा (tandrā) स्वप्निल (swapnil) विश्राम (vishrām) थका-मांदा (thakā-māndā)

知っておくべき文法

Adjective-Noun Agreement

उनींदा लड़का (M.S.), उनींदी लड़की (F.S.), उनींदे लड़के (M.P.)

Oblique Case Changes

उनींदे लड़के को देखो (Look at the sleepy boy - 'unīndā' becomes 'unīnde' before a postposition).

Intransitive Verb 'Lagnā'

वह उनींदा लग रहा है (He is looking sleepy - 'lagna' shows appearance).

Abstract Noun Formation

Adding '-pan' to adjectives: उनींदा + पन = उनींदापन (Drowsiness).

Adjective Qualifiers

Using 'sā' (like/ish): उनींदा सा (Sleepy-ish).

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レベル別の例文

मैं उनींदा हूँ।

I am sleepy (masculine).

Subject + Adjective + Verb

वह उनींदी है।

She is sleepy.

Feminine ending -ī used.

क्या तुम उनींदे हो?

Are you sleepy? (masculine plural/respect).

Masculine plural ending -e.

उनींदा बच्चा सो गया।

The sleepy child fell asleep.

Adjective before noun.

मेरी आँखें उनींदी हैं।

My eyes are sleepy.

Feminine plural agreement.

वह बहुत उनींदा लग रहा है।

He is looking very sleepy.

Use of 'lag rahā hai' (looking/seeming).

आज मैं उनींदा महसूस कर रहा हूँ।

Today I am feeling sleepy.

Use of 'mahsūs karnā' (to feel).

उनींदा कुत्ता सो रहा है।

The sleepy dog is sleeping.

Masculine singular agreement.

सुबह-सुबह सब उनींदे होते हैं।

Everyone is sleepy early in the morning.

Plural masculine 'unīnde'.

उसकी उनींदी आवाज़ बहुत मीठी थी।

Her sleepy voice was very sweet.

Feminine adjective 'unīndī' modifying 'āwāz'.

उनींदे लोग काम नहीं कर सकते।

Sleepy people cannot work.

Plural adjective usage.

फिल्म देखते समय वह उनींदा हो गया।

He became sleepy while watching the movie.

State change using 'ho gayā'.

क्या वह उनींदी लड़की तुम्हारी बहन है?

Is that sleepy girl your sister?

Adjective + Noun phrase.

रात भर जागने के बाद वे उनींदे थे।

After staying up all night, they were sleepy.

Plural agreement.

मुझे उनींदा चेहरा पसंद नहीं है।

I don't like a sleepy face.

Masculine singular 'unīndā' with 'chehrā'.

वह उनींदी आँखों से मुस्कुराई।

She smiled with sleepy eyes.

Feminine plural 'unīndī' with 'āñkhoñ'.

लंबी यात्रा के बाद यात्री उनींदे लग रहे थे।

The passengers were looking sleepy after the long journey.

Plural masculine agreement.

कक्षा में उनींदा होना अच्छी बात नहीं है।

Being sleepy in class is not a good thing.

Gerund-like usage of the adjective.

उनींदी अवस्था में गाड़ी चलाना खतरनाक है।

Driving in a drowsy state is dangerous.

Feminine 'avasthā' (state) requires 'unīndī'.

उसने अपनी उनींदी आँखों को पानी से धोया।

He washed his sleepy eyes with water.

Feminine plural 'āñkhoñ'.

शाम की उनींदी धूप में वह किताब पढ़ रही थी।

She was reading a book in the drowsy evening sunlight.

Metaphorical usage for atmosphere.

दवा लेने के बाद बच्चा उनींदा हो गया।

After taking the medicine, the child became drowsy.

Resultative state.

उनींदे मन से कोई भी निर्णय मत लो।

Don't take any decision with a drowsy mind.

Oblique case 'unīnde' for masculine 'man'.

बारिश के मौसम में दिन भर उनींदापन महसूस होता है।

In the rainy season, one feels drowsiness all day.

Noun form 'unīndāpan'.

शहर की उनींदी गलियों में सन्नाटा था।

There was silence in the sleepy streets of the city.

Feminine plural 'galiyoñ' requires 'unīndī'.

उसकी उनींदी आवाज़ ने मुझे भी सुला दिया।

Her drowsy voice made me fall asleep too.

Causative effect described with adjective.

थकावट और उनींदी आँखों के साथ उसने काम पूरा किया।

With exhaustion and sleepy eyes, he completed the work.

Compound description.

उनींदापन दूर करने के लिए उसने कड़क चाय पी।

To remove the drowsiness, he drank strong tea.

Noun 'unīndāpan' as object.

सुबह की उनींदी बेला में पंछी चहचहा रहे थे।

In the drowsy hour of the morning, birds were chirping.

Literary term 'belā' (hour/time) is feminine.

वह उनींदा सा होकर सोफे पर गिर पड़ा।

He fell on the sofa, feeling somewhat sleepy.

Use of 'sā' as a qualifier (somewhat).

उसकी उनींदी मुस्कान ने सबका दिल जीत लिया।

Her sleepy smile won everyone's heart.

Feminine 'muskān'.

रात की ड्यूटी के बाद पुलिसकर्मी उनींदे लग रहे थे।

The policemen were looking sleepy after the night duty.

Plural masculine agreement.

लेखक ने गाँव के उनींदे वातावरण का सजीव चित्रण किया है।

The author has vividly depicted the sleepy atmosphere of the village.

Masculine 'vātāvaraṇ' (atmosphere) requires 'unīnde' in oblique case.

उसकी उनींदी पलकों के पीछे कई सपने छिपे थे।

Many dreams were hidden behind her sleepy eyelids.

Feminine plural 'palakoñ' (eyelids).

उनींदापन आधुनिक जीवनशैली की एक बड़ी समस्या बन गया है।

Drowsiness has become a major problem of the modern lifestyle.

Noun form as subject.

वह उनींदी हालत में भी अपनी ज़िम्मेदारियाँ निभाता रहा।

He continued to fulfill his responsibilities even in a drowsy state.

Feminine 'hālat' (state/condition).

कविता में 'उनींदा' शब्द का प्रयोग शांति के प्रतीक के रूप में किया गया है।

In the poem, the word 'unīndā' is used as a symbol of peace.

Literary analysis.

उसका उनींदा स्वर फोन पर पहचानना मुश्किल था।

It was difficult to recognize his drowsy voice over the phone.

Masculine 'swar' (voice/tone).

दोपहर की उनींदी शांति को एक धमाके ने तोड़ दिया।

The sleepy peace of the afternoon was shattered by a blast.

Feminine 'shānti' (peace).

वैज्ञानिक उनींदापन और याददाश्त के बीच संबंध का अध्ययन कर रहे हैं।

Scientists are studying the link between drowsiness and memory.

Academic context.

उसकी आँखों में उनींदापन नहीं, बल्कि एक गहरा वैराग्य था।

In his eyes, there was not drowsiness, but a deep detachment.

Contrasting nouns.

इतिहास के पन्नों में यह उनींदा शहर आज भी अपनी पहचान खोए हुए है।

In the pages of history, this sleepy city still remains lost in its identity.

Metaphorical personification of a city.

उनींदी चेतना के स्तर पर मनुष्य अक्सर सत्य के करीब होता है।

At the level of drowsy consciousness, man is often close to the truth.

Philosophical context using 'chetanā' (consciousness).

उसकी उनींदी भंगिमा ने यह स्पष्ट कर दिया कि वह अब और बहस नहीं करना चाहता।

His drowsy posture made it clear that he did not want to argue any further.

Feminine 'bhañgimā' (posture/gesture).

सभ्यता के उनींदे विकास ने कई प्राकृतिक संसाधनों को नष्ट कर दिया है।

The drowsy (slow/unaware) development of civilization has destroyed many natural resources.

Highly metaphorical usage.

वह अपनी उनींदी स्मृतियों को समेटने की कोशिश कर रहा था।

He was trying to gather his drowsy (fading/vague) memories.

Feminine plural 'smritiyoñ' (memories).

उस उनींदी दोपहर की निस्तब्धता में केवल घड़ी की टिक-टिक सुनाई दे रही थी।

In the stillness of that sleepy afternoon, only the ticking of the clock was audible.

Complex descriptive sentence.

उनींदापन कभी-कभी गहरे अवसाद का संकेत भी हो सकता है।

Drowsiness can sometimes be a sign of deep depression.

Medical/Psychological observation.

よく使う組み合わせ

उनींदी आँखें

उनींदा चेहरा

उनींदा स्वर

उनींदी दोपहर

उनींदापन महसूस करना

उनींदी हालत

उनींदी मुस्कान

उनींदा महसूस करना

उनींदा सा

उनींदी रात

よく使うフレーズ

उनींदी आँखों से देखना

— To look at something while struggling to stay awake.

वह उनींदी आँखों से घड़ी की ओर देख रहा था।

उनींदा होकर गिरना

— To collapse or lie down because of extreme sleepiness.

वह थककर उनींदा होकर बिस्तर पर गिर गया।

उनींदी आवाज़ में बोलना

— To speak in a low, slurred, or soft voice due to drowsiness.

उसने उनींदी आवाज़ में फोन उठाया।

उनींदापन छाना

— To be overcome by a wave of sleepiness.

दोपहर के खाने के बाद मुझ पर उनींदापन छा गया।

उनींदापन दूर करना

— To try and get rid of sleepiness (e.g., with coffee).

मुँह धोकर उसने अपना उनींदापन दूर किया।

उनींदा सा लगना

— To appear somewhat sleepy to others.

आज तुम थोड़े उनींदे से लग रहे हो।

उनींदी बेला

— A poetic term for the quiet, early hours of the morning.

उनींदी बेला में सब सो रहे थे।

उनींदा स्वभाव

— A naturally sleepy or slow-moving temperament.

उसका उनींदा स्वभाव उसकी सुस्ती का कारण है।

उनींदी पलकें

— Heavy eyelids that are about to close.

उसकी उनींदी पलकें झुक रही थीं।

उनींदे मन से

— Doing something without full focus because of sleepiness.

उसने उनींदे मन से होमवर्क पूरा किया।

よく混同される語

उनींदा vs नींद (nīnd)

Nīnd is the noun 'sleep'. Unīndā is the adjective 'sleepy'. You have 'nīnd', you are 'unīndā'.

उनींदा vs थका (thakā)

Thakā means tired/exhausted. You can be thakā without being unīndā (e.g., after a gym workout).

उनींदा vs आलसी (ālsī)

Ālsī means lazy. A lazy person might not be sleepy, they just don't want to move.

慣用句と表現

"आँखों में नींद का डेरा होना"

— To be extremely sleepy (literally: for sleep to have set up camp in the eyes).

उसकी आँखों में तो नींद का डेरा है, वह क्या पढ़ेगा?

Informal

"नींद से बोझिल होना"

— To be heavy with sleep.

उसकी पलकें नींद से बोझिल हो रही थीं।

Literary

"नींद का झोंका आना"

— To experience a sudden, brief wave of sleepiness or a 'nod'.

गाड़ी में मुझे नींद का एक झोंका आ गया।

Common

"नींद उचट जाना"

— For sleep to vanish suddenly (opposite of being uninda).

शोर के कारण मेरी नींद उचट गई।

Common

"घूँघ में होना"

— To be in a daze of sleep.

वह अभी भी घूँघ में है, उसे मत जगाओ।

Regional

"नींद आँखों में तैरना"

— To have sleep visibly present in one's eyes.

उसकी आँखों में अभी भी नींद तैर रही है।

Poetic

"नींद का मारा"

— Someone who is desperately sleepy or sleep-deprived.

बेचारा नींद का मारा, बस में ही सो गया।

Informal

"अधखुली आँखें"

— Half-open eyes, typical of an uninda person.

उसने अधखुली आँखों से दरवाज़ा खोला।

Common

"सपनों की दुनिया में होना"

— To be half-asleep or lost in thought.

वह उनींदा है, अभी सपनों की दुनिया में है।

Informal

"नींद की आगोश में"

— In the embrace of sleep.

वह धीरे-धीरे नींद की आगोश में जा रहा था।

Literary

間違えやすい

उनींदा vs अकेला (akelā)

Sounds slightly similar in rhythm.

Akelā means alone; unīndā means sleepy. They describe completely different states.

वह अकेला है (He is alone) vs वह उनींदा है (He is sleepy).

उनींदा vs चुनिंदा (chunindā)

Rhyming ending.

Chunindā means 'selected' or 'chosen'. It has nothing to do with sleep.

ये कुछ चुनिंदा किताबें हैं (These are some selected books).

उनींदा vs शर्मिंदा (sharmindā)

Rhyming ending.

Sharmindā means 'ashamed' or 'embarrassed'.

वह अपनी गलती पर शर्मिंदा है (He is ashamed of his mistake).

उनींदा vs जिंदा (jindā)

Rhyming ending.

Jindā means 'alive'.

वह अभी भी जिंदा है (He is still alive).

उनींदा vs परिंदा (parindā)

Rhyming ending.

Parindā means 'bird'.

आकाश में एक परिंदा उड़ रहा है (A bird is flying in the sky).

文型パターン

मैं [Adjective] हूँ।

मैं उनींदा हूँ।

वह [Adjective] लग रहा है।

वह उनींदा लग रहा है।

[Adjective] आँखों से [Verb]।

उनींदी आँखों से देखना।

[Noun] + [Adjective] है।

बच्चा उनींदा है।

[Adjective] हालत में [Verb]।

उनींदी हालत में गाड़ी चलाना।

[Noun] का [Adjective] वातावरण।

गाँव का उनींदा वातावरण।

[Noun form] दूर करना।

उनींदापन दूर करना।

[Adjective] स्मृतियों को [Verb]।

उनींदी स्मृतियों को समेटना।

語族

名詞

नींद (nīnd - sleep)

उनींदापन (unīndāpan - drowsiness)

निद्रा (nidrā - sleep - Sanskrit)

動詞

सोना (sonā - to sleep)

सुलाना (sulānā - to make someone sleep)

नींद आना (nīnd ānā - to feel sleepy)

形容詞

उनींदा (unīndā - sleepy)

निद्रालू (nindrālū - somnolent)

सुप्त (supt - dormant)

使い方

frequency

Common in literature and descriptive speech; moderate in casual daily chat.

よくある間違い

Mujhe unīndā aa rahi hai. → Mujhe nīnd aa rahi hai.
You cannot 'have' an adjective. You 'have' sleep (noun) or you 'are' sleepy (adjective).
Unīndā laṛkī. → Unīndī laṛkī.
Adjectives ending in -ā must change to -ī for feminine nouns.
Unīndā log. → Unīnde log.
Adjectives ending in -ā must change to -e for masculine plural nouns.
Main thakā hoon (when meaning sleepy). → Main unīndā hoon.
Thakā means tired/exhausted, but unīndā specifically means you feel like sleeping.
Using 'unīndā' for someone already asleep. → Vah soyā huā hai.
'Unīndā' is for the state before sleep, not the act of being asleep.

ヒント

Check the Gender

Always look at the noun. If it's feminine (like 'āwāz' or 'āñkheñ'), use 'unīndī'. If it's masculine (like 'chehrā' or 'laṛkā'), use 'unīndā'.

Beyond 'Tired'

Stop using 'thakā' for everything. If you want to say someone looks like they need a nap, 'unīndā' is the much better and more precise word.

The Nasal 'N'

The 'n' in 'unīndā' is slightly nasalized. Practice saying 'nīnd' first, then add the prefix and suffix to get the flow right.

Atmospheric Writing

Use 'unīndā' to describe mornings or quiet villages in your stories. It immediately tells the reader that the scene is peaceful and slow-moving.

Polite Observation

If a friend looks tired, saying 'Tum unīnde lag rahe ho' sounds more caring and descriptive than just saying they look bad or lazy.

Song Lyrics

Listen to ghazals or slow Bollywood songs. You will often hear 'unīndī' used to describe the beauty of someone's eyes.

The 'Alas' Connection

Understand that in Indian culture, the 'unīndā' state is often linked to the heat of the afternoon. It's a very relatable concept in the subcontinent.

Mnemonic Device

Remember: UN-NĪND-Ā. 'Under' the influence of 'Nīnd' (sleep). It works every time!

Noun Form

Don't forget 'unīndāpan' (drowsiness). It's a great word for discussing health or how you feel after a long day.

Sleepy-ish

Use 'unīndā sā' if you aren't 100% sure if someone is sleepy but they look like they might be.

暗記しよう

記憶術

Think of 'Un' as 'Under' and 'Ninda' as 'Nīnd' (sleep). You are 'Under the influence of Nīnd'. Therefore, you are Un-nīndā (sleepy).

視覚的連想

Imagine a person with heavy eyelids (the 'ī' in unīndā) looking like two closed eyes. The word itself feels long and slow, just like a yawn.

Word Web

Sleepy Drowsy Heavy Eyes Yawning Morning Late Night Dull Soft Voice

チャレンジ

Try to use 'unīndā' three times today: once for yourself in the morning, once for a pet or person you see, and once to describe the weather or atmosphere.

語源

The word 'उनींदा' (unīndā) is a Tadbhava word, which means it is a modern Hindi word derived from a Sanskrit ancestor through linguistic evolution over centuries.

元の意味： It comes from the Sanskrit root 'निद्रा' (nidrā), meaning sleep. The prefix 'u-' in this context acts as a modifier indicating a state of being 'filled with' or 'affected by'.

Indo-Aryan family, descending from Sanskrit through Prakrit and Apabhramsha.

文化的な背景

It is a neutral word, but calling a superior 'unīndā' in a formal meeting might be seen as slightly disrespectful or overly observant of their personal state.

English speakers often use 'tired' for everything. 'Unīndā' helps you specify that you aren't just low on energy, but specifically need to sleep.

Used in the lyrics of various Bollywood ghazals. Appears in Premchand's short stories to describe the weary poor. Commonly found in Hindi translations of Russian literature to describe the winter gloom.

実生活で練習する

実際の使用場面

Morning Routine

मैं अभी भी उनींदा हूँ।
उनींदी आँखें धो लो।
चाय उनींदापन दूर करती है।
वह उनींदा सा उठा।

In the Classroom

उनींदे छात्र पढ़ नहीं पाते।
वह कक्षा में उनींदा लग रहा था।
क्या तुम उनींदे हो?
उनींदापन पढ़ाई में बाधा है।

Travel

लंबी यात्रा के बाद सब उनींदे थे।
उनींदी हालत में गाड़ी न चलाएं।
यात्री उनींदे लग रहे हैं।
बस में सब उनींदे थे।

Literature/Poetry

उसकी उनींदी आँखें।
एक उनींदी शाम।
उनींदा सा शहर।
उनींदी आवाज़ का जादू।

Health/Medicine

दवा से उनींदापन होता है।
क्या आप उनींदा महसूस कर रहे हैं?
उनींदापन एक लक्षण है।
मरीज़ उनींदा लग रहा है।

会話のきっかけ

"क्या तुम आज थोड़े उनींदे लग रहे हो? (Do you look a bit sleepy today?)"

"सुबह उठने के बाद क्या तुम उनींदा महसूस करते हो? (Do you feel sleepy after waking up in the morning?)"

"उनींदापन दूर करने के लिए तुम क्या करते हो? (What do you do to get rid of drowsiness?)"

"क्या तुम्हें उनींदी आँखों वाले लोग प्यारे लगते हैं? (Do you find people with sleepy eyes cute?)"

"रात की शिफ्ट के बाद क्या तुम बहुत उनींदे हो जाते हो? (Do you become very sleepy after a night shift?)"

日記のテーマ

आज सुबह जब मैं उठा, तो मैं बहुत उनींदा था क्योंकि... (This morning when I woke up, I was very sleepy because...)

एक ऐसी घटना के बारे में लिखें जब आप उनींदी हालत में किसी ज़रूरी काम के लिए गए थे। (Write about an incident when you went for an important task in a drowsy state.)

उनींदापन और आलस के बीच क्या अंतर है? अपने विचार लिखें। (What is the difference between drowsiness and laziness? Write your thoughts.)

अगर आपको एक 'उनींदा शहर' का वर्णन करना हो, तो आप क्या लिखेंगे? (If you had to describe a 'sleepy town', what would you write?)

क्या आपको लगता है कि आधुनिक दुनिया में लोग ज़्यादा उनींदे रहते हैं? क्यों? (Do you think people in the modern world stay more sleepy? Why?)

よくある質問

10 問

Yes, but the ending changes to 'ī'. You must say 'unīndī' for a girl or a feminine object. For example, 'Vah laṛkī unīndī hai'.

No, that is incorrect. You should say 'Mujhe nīnd aa rahi hai' (I am feeling sleepy) or 'Main unīndā hoon' (I am sleepy). Adjectives describe you, while 'nīnd' is the thing that 'comes' to you.

'Unīndā' specifically means you are sleepy and your eyes are heavy. 'Sust' means you are lazy, slow, or lacking energy, which might not be related to sleep at all.

It is very common in literature, songs, and descriptive Hindi. In very casual street Hindi, people might just say 'nīnd aa rahi hai', but 'unīndā' is essential for B1 level and above.

Since 'āñkheñ' (eyes) is a feminine plural noun, you use 'unīndī'. Example: 'Merī unīndī āñkheñ' (My sleepy eyes).

Yes! You can describe a quiet, slow town as an 'unīndā shahar'. This is a common poetic and literary device in Hindi.

'Unīndāpan' is the noun form, meaning 'drowsiness'. You can use it in sentences like 'Mujhe unīndāpan mahsoos ho raha hai' (I am feeling drowsiness).

It is neutral to semi-formal. It is perfectly fine to use in a professional setting or in a story. It is more sophisticated than basic A1 vocabulary.

Yes, it is a Tadbhava word derived from the Sanskrit word 'Nidrā', which means sleep.

You add 'sā' after the adjective. For a boy: 'unīndā sā'. For a girl: 'unīndī sī'. Example: 'Vah kuch unīndā sā lag rahā hai' (He is looking somewhat sleepy-ish).

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