A2 · 初中級 チャプター 22

Modal Verbs and Ability

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Chapter in 30 Seconds

Master the art of expressing ability, permission, and necessity in Indonesian using essential modal verbs.

  • Identify the difference between 'bisa' and 'dapat' for ability.
  • Ask for and grant permission using 'boleh'.
  • Express obligations clearly with 'harus'.
Unlock your potential: speak with purpose and confidence.

学べること

Covers words like 'bisa', 'dapat', and 'boleh'. Explains how to express permission and capability.

Learning Objectives

By the end of this chapter, you will be able to:

  1. 1
    By the end you will be able to: Express personal abilities, request permission, and state obligations in daily settings.

ヒントとコツ (4)

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Keep it simple

Don't overthink the grammar; just put 'bisa' before the action.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Modal 'Bisa'
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Register Matters

Use 'dapat' for formal settings and 'bisa' for casual ones.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Modal 'Dapat'
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Context is King

Always check if you mean ability or permission before choosing between 'bisa' and 'boleh'.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Modal 'Boleh'
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Keep it simple

Don't try to conjugate 'harus'. It's the same for everyone.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Modal 'Harus'

重要な語彙 (6)

bisa can/able to dapat can/obtain boleh may/allowed to harus must/have to masuk to enter belajar to study

Real-World Preview

library

At the Library

Review Summary

  • Subject + bisa + Verb
  • Subject + dapat + Verb
  • Subject + boleh + Verb
  • Subject + harus + Verb

よくある間違い

Modal verbs must come before the action verb, not at the end of the sentence.

Wrong: Saya harus pergi ke pasar bisa.
正解: Saya bisa pergi ke pasar.

Sometimes learners forget to add 'permisi' when asking for permission to sound polite.

Wrong: Boleh saya makan?
正解: Boleh saya makan? (This is correct, but ensure tone is polite.)

Adding '-nya' to 'harus' creates a different meaning (supposed to). Keep it simple!

Wrong: Saya harusnya makan.
正解: Saya harus makan.

Next Steps

You've done an incredible job mastering these modals. Keep practicing, and you'll be speaking like a native in no time!

Write a diary entry using all four modals.

Continue to: Connecting Ideas

クイック練習 (10)

Choose the correct negative.

Which means 'not obligated'?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: tidak harus
'Tidak harus' is lack of obligation.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Modal 'Harus'

Correct the sentence.

Find and fix the mistake:

Saya boleh angkat beban berat.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Saya bisa angkat beban berat.
Lifting weight is an ability.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Modal 'Boleh'

Choose the correct negative.

Negative of 'Saya dapat pergi'.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Saya tidak dapat pergi.
Use tidak dapat.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Modal 'Dapat'

Fix the sentence.

Find and fix the mistake:

Dia haruses pergi.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Dia harus pergi
No conjugation.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Modal 'Harus'

Fill in the blank with 'boleh' or 'bisa'.

Saya ___ berenang dengan cepat.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: bisa
Swimming is an ability.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Modal 'Boleh'

Correct the sentence.

Find and fix the mistake:

Saya dapat-kan pergi.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Saya dapat pergi.
No suffixes on modals.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Modal 'Dapat'

Choose the correct translation.

May I sit here?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Boleh saya duduk di sini?
Standard question form.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Modal 'Boleh'

Fill in the blank with 'dapat'.

Saya ___ berenang.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: dapat
Dapat is the correct modal here.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Modal 'Dapat'

Choose the formal version.

Which is more formal?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Saya dapat datang.
Dapat is formal.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Modal 'Dapat'

Fill in the blank.

Saya ___ berenang.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: bisa
Bisa indicates ability.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Modal 'Bisa'

Score: /10

よくある質問 (6)

No, it is invariant.
They are synonyms but differ in register. 'Dapat' is formal, 'bisa' is casual.
No, use 'boleh' for permission. 'Dapat' is for ability.
No, 'boleh' is invariant. It stays the same regardless of the subject.
'Boleh' is for permission; 'bisa' is for ability or skill.
No, 'harus' is invariant. It stays the same for all subjects.
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The Passive Voice
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Connecting Ideas
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