When talking about how long something happens, we use selama. Think of it like "during" or "for the duration of" in English. It helps specify the time period an action takes place.
For example, if you say "selama dua jam," it means "for two hours." This is a common way to talk about time in Indonesian.
When we use the word selama, we're talking about how long something lasts. Think of it like saying 'during' or 'for a period of time' in English. It's often followed by a time phrase, like 'selama dua jam' (for two hours) or 'selama liburan' (during the holidays). This little word is super practical for describing durations in Indonesian.
§ Understanding 'Selama'
The Indonesian word selama is a versatile word that you'll hear and use a lot. It primarily means 'during' or 'for a duration'. Think of it as indicating how long something happens or at what point in time an event occurs.
§ Basic Usage: Duration
When selama is used to express duration, it's followed by a length of time. This is very straightforward, similar to how you would say 'for two hours' in English.
- DEFINITION
- To indicate a length of time.
Saya belajar bahasa Indonesia selama dua jam.
Translation hint: I studied Indonesian for two hours.
Mereka tinggal di Bali selama satu bulan.
Translation hint: They lived in Bali for one month.
§ Usage with Events or Periods
Selama can also mean 'during' when referring to an ongoing event or period. This usage is crucial for describing simultaneous actions or the context of an event.
- DEFINITION
- To indicate that something happens within a specific event or period.
Jangan bicara selama ujian.
Translation hint: Don't talk during the exam.
Dia bekerja keras selama liburan.
Translation hint: He worked hard during the holiday.
§ 'Selama' with 'Masih' (As long as)
You might also encounter selama combined with masih (still), to express 'as long as' or 'while something is still happening'. This adds a condition to the duration.
- DEFINITION
- To express a condition based on a continuing state.
Selama kamu masih di sini, aku akan membantumu.
Translation hint: As long as you are still here, I will help you.
Selama baterai masih penuh, kita bisa pakai.
Translation hint: As long as the battery is still full, we can use it.
§ 'Selama' with 'Ini' (This)
You'll often hear selama ini which translates to 'all this time' or 'up until now'. It refers to a period from some past point until the present moment.
- DEFINITION
- To refer to the period from a past point up to the present.
Dia bersembunyi selama ini.
Translation hint: He was hiding all this time.
Apa yang kamu lakukan selama ini?
Translation hint: What have you been doing all this time?
§ Common Mistakes and Tips
Here are some things to keep in mind:
Don't confuse selama with sewaktu. While both can mean 'during', sewaktu is more specific to 'at the time when' or 'while', often implying a single moment or a shorter, less defined period.
Selama is quite flexible. You don't need additional prepositions like 'for' in English. The word itself carries that meaning.
豆知識
The meaning evolved in Malay/Indonesian to 'during' or 'for a duration' likely due to phrases expressing wishes for safety 'selama ini' (all this time, safely this long) turning into temporal markers.
レベル別の例文
Selama perjalanan dinasnya, dia bertemu banyak kolega baru.
During his business trip, he met many new colleagues.
Kami akan tinggal di sana selama seminggu penuh.
We will stay there for a full week.
Selama ini, saya selalu berpikir dia benar.
All this time, I always thought he was right.
Dia membaca buku selama berjam-jam tanpa henti.
He read books for hours without stopping.
Selama liburan, banyak turis mengunjungi pantai.
During the holiday, many tourists visited the beach.
Pertemuan itu berlangsung selama tiga jam.
The meeting lasted for three hours.
Selama kamu jujur, aku akan selalu mendukungmu.
As long as you are honest, I will always support you.
Kami bekerja keras selama proyek ini.
We worked hard during this project.
Selama reformasi ini, kami menghadapi banyak tantangan.
During this reform, we faced many challenges.
Kami berdiskusi selama beberapa jam tanpa hasil yang konkret.
We discussed for several hours without concrete results.
Keputusannya akan memengaruhi kebijakan selama bertahun-tahun mendatang.
His decision will affect policy for years to come.
Selama saya di sini, saya akan memastikan semua berjalan lancar.
As long as I am here, I will ensure everything runs smoothly.
Proyek itu terhenti selama pandemi, mengakibatkan kerugian besar.
The project was halted during the pandemic, resulting in huge losses.
Dia telah bekerja di perusahaan ini selama lebih dari dua dekade.
He has worked at this company for over two decades.
Selama upaya mediasi, kedua belah pihak mencoba mencari titik temu.
During the mediation efforts, both parties tried to find common ground.
Kami tidak dapat berkomunikasi dengannya selama perjalanan ekspedisinya.
We could not communicate with him during his expedition trip.
語源
Sanskrit
元の意味： safe, peaceful
Indo-Aryan文化的な背景
When saying goodbye, Indonesians often say <i>Sampai jumpa</i>, which means 'until we meet again'. You might also hear <i>Selamat jalan</i> (safe journey to those leaving) or <i>Selamat datang</i> (safe arrival, welcome). While <i>selama</i> directly means 'during' or 'for a duration', the root 'selamat' which means 'safe' or 'peaceful' is very common in Indonesian greetings and well-wishes, reflecting a cultural emphasis on safety and well-being. Knowing this helps understand its use in expressions like <i>selama-lamanya</i>, meaning 'forever' or 'for all time', emphasizing an enduring state of peace or safety.
自分をテスト 18 問
The correct order is 'Subject + Verb + Prepositional Phrase + selama + Duration'.
The correct order is 'Subject + Verb + Adverb + selama + Noun Phrase'.
The correct order is 'Subject + Negation + Verb + selama + Duration'.
Pay attention to how 'selama' connects the diplomat's action to the duration of the conflict.
Listen for 'selama' indicating the period over which the digital transformation occurred.
Notice 'selama' specifying when the intense debate took place.
Read this aloud:
Can you elaborate on the intricacies of maintaining economic stability during a global recession?
Focus: selama resesi global
あなたの回答：
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Read this aloud:
Discuss the ethical dilemmas encountered by medical professionals during a pandemic.
Focus: selama pandemi
あなたの回答：
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Read this aloud:
Explain the challenges of preserving cultural heritage during rapid modernization.
Focus: selama modernisasi pesat
あなたの回答：
Speech recognition is not supported in your browser. Try Chrome or Edge.
You are writing a complex historical analysis of Indonesia's New Order era. Discuss the long-term impacts of economic policies implemented 'selama' Suharto's presidency on contemporary Indonesian society. Ensure your response is highly analytical and uses sophisticated vocabulary.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
Selama masa kepresidenan Suharto, kebijakan ekonomi yang berorientasi pada pembangunan infrastruktur dan investasi asing telah membentuk lanskap sosio-ekonomi Indonesia secara fundamental. Dampak jangka panjangnya masih terasa dalam struktur kelas, distribusi kekayaan, dan bahkan dinamika politik kontemporer, seringkali menciptakan disparitas yang berkelanjutan dan memicu debat tentang keadilan sosial dan keberlanjutan pembangunan. Analisis mendalam menunjukkan bahwa meskipun pertumbuhan ekonomi yang pesat tercapai, biaya sosial dan lingkungan yang ditanggung 'selama' periode ini merupakan warisan yang kompleks dan multi-dimensi.
Elaborate on the philosophical implications of existence 'selama' kekosongan eksistensial (existential void) as perceived by a character in a postmodern Indonesian novel. Focus on the character's internal struggle and coping mechanisms, using advanced literary analysis.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
Selama kekosongan eksistensial yang melanda karakter utama dalam novel postmodern Indonesia, pencarian makna menjadi sia-sia, dan keberadaan itu sendiri dipertanyakan. Implikasi filosofis dari pengalaman ini menyoroti absurditas hidup dan keterputusan individu dari norma-norma sosial. Perjuangan internal karakter untuk menciptakan nilai 'selama' nihilisme ini seringkali bermanifestasi dalam bentuk introspeksi yang menyakitkan atau eksperimentasi yang tidak konvensional dengan identitas, menghasilkan sebuah komentar tajam tentang kondisi manusia di era kontemporer.
Compose an argumentative essay discussing the ethical considerations of artificial intelligence development 'selama' era percepatan teknologi. Address the potential societal benefits against the risks of unchecked advancement.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
Selama era percepatan teknologi yang belum pernah terjadi sebelumnya, pengembangan kecerdasan buatan (AI) telah menimbulkan dilema etika yang kompleks. Meskipun potensi manfaatnya, seperti peningkatan efisiensi dan solusi untuk masalah global, tidak dapat disangkal, risiko yang terkait dengan kemajuan yang tidak terkendali juga signifikan. Perdebatan berkisar pada otonomi AI, bias algoritmik, dan dampak terhadap ketenagakerjaan, menuntut kerangka kerja etika yang kuat untuk memandu evolusi 'selama' periode transformatif ini, memastikan bahwa inovasi melayani kemanusiaan dan bukan sebaliknya.
Berdasarkan paragraf, apa yang menjadi fokus utama perdebatan 'selama' dekade terakhir?
Read this passage:
Perdebatan sengit tentang hak kekayaan intelektual dalam industri kreatif digital telah berlangsung 'selama' dekade terakhir, mencerminkan tantangan adaptasi hukum di tengah disrupsi teknologi. Fenomena ini memerlukan tinjauan ulang komprehensif terhadap kerangka legislatif yang ada, guna memastikan keadilan bagi para kreator dan inovator, sekaligus memfasilitasi akses publik yang lebih luas. Implikasi dari resolusi atas isu ini akan membentuk arah perkembangan ekonomi digital di masa depan.
Berdasarkan paragraf, apa yang menjadi fokus utama perdebatan 'selama' dekade terakhir?
Passage states 'Perdebatan sengit tentang hak kekayaan intelektual dalam industri kreatif digital telah berlangsung 'selama' dekade terakhir, mencerminkan tantangan adaptasi hukum di tengah disrupsi teknologi.' This directly indicates the main focus.
Passage states 'Perdebatan sengit tentang hak kekayaan intelektual dalam industri kreatif digital telah berlangsung 'selama' dekade terakhir, mencerminkan tantangan adaptasi hukum di tengah disrupsi teknologi.' This directly indicates the main focus.
Menurut teks, mengapa praktik ritualistik tertentu dapat dipertahankan 'selama' berabad-abad meskipun ada globalisasi?
Read this passage:
Studi antropologi budaya menunjukkan bahwa praktik ritualistik tertentu telah dipertahankan 'selama' berabad-abad di komunitas terpencil, meskipun ada globalisasi dan modernisasi. Kelestarian tradisi ini seringkali terkait dengan identitas kolektif dan fungsi sosial-ekonomi yang mendalam dalam masyarakat tersebut. Memahami dinamika internal ini krusial untuk menganalisis resistensi terhadap perubahan eksternal.
Menurut teks, mengapa praktik ritualistik tertentu dapat dipertahankan 'selama' berabad-abad meskipun ada globalisasi?
The passage explicitly states, 'Kelestarian tradisi ini seringkali terkait dengan identitas kolektif dan fungsi sosial-ekonomi yang mendalam dalam masyarakat tersebut.'
The passage explicitly states, 'Kelestarian tradisi ini seringkali terkait dengan identitas kolektif dan fungsi sosial-ekonomi yang mendalam dalam masyarakat tersebut.'
Apa yang sering diungkap oleh analisis kritis terhadap narasi sejarah resmi 'selama' periode tertentu?
Read this passage:
Analisis kritis terhadap narasi sejarah resmi seringkali mengungkap bias dan omisi yang disengaja 'selama' periode tertentu, terutama yang berkaitan dengan rezim otoriter. Rekonstruksi sejarah yang lebih akurat memerlukan dekonstruksi sumber-sumber primer dan interpretasi ulang peristiwa dari berbagai perspektif yang terpinggirkan. Pendekatan ini menantang hegemoni wacana dominan.
Apa yang sering diungkap oleh analisis kritis terhadap narasi sejarah resmi 'selama' periode tertentu?
The passage states, 'Analisis kritis terhadap narasi sejarah resmi seringkali mengungkap bias dan omisi yang disengaja 'selama' periode tertentu.'
The passage states, 'Analisis kritis terhadap narasi sejarah resmi seringkali mengungkap bias dan omisi yang disengaja 'selama' periode tertentu.'
/ 18 correct
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