찢어지다 30秒で
- To be torn or ripped.
- Used for objects like paper, clothes, bags.
- It's the passive form of 'to tear'.
- Commonly used in past tense: 찢어졌어요.
The Korean verb 찢어지다 (jjijeojida) describes the action of something becoming separated into pieces, usually by force, resulting in a tear or rip. It's a common verb used to talk about objects that are damaged or fall apart. Think of it as the passive form of 'to tear' (찢다 - jjitta). When something 찢어지다, it means the damage has happened to it. This can apply to a wide range of items, from clothing and paper to more abstract concepts like relationships or even one's heart.
종이가 찢어졌어요. (Jongiga jjijeojyeosseoyo.)
You'll often hear this verb when discussing everyday accidents or wear and tear. For instance, if your favorite shirt gets caught on something and a hole appears, you would say it has 찢어지다. Similarly, if an envelope is opened carelessly, the contents might be damaged, and the envelope itself could be described as 찢어지다. It can also be used metaphorically, though this is more common at higher CEFR levels. For example, a broken heart might be described as 찢어지다, signifying extreme emotional pain.
- Physical Objects
- This is the most common usage. Examples include clothes (옷이 찢어지다), books (책이 찢어지다), bags (가방이 찢어지다), and paper (종이가 찢어지다).
- Damage
- It implies a specific type of damage – a rip or tear, rather than a cut or a break.
- Accidents
- Often used when something gets damaged unintentionally.
바지가 찢어졌어. (Bajiga jjijeojyeosseo.)
Understanding the context is key. While it's a straightforward word for physical damage, its figurative use adds depth. Pay attention to how native speakers employ it to grasp its full range.
봉투가 찢어져서 내용물이 보였다. (Bongtuga jjijeojyeoseo naeyongmuri boyeotda.)
- Paper Products
- Very common for paper, notebooks, books, and documents.
- Clothing
- Used for pants, shirts, skirts, etc., when they rip.
- Containers
- Bags, envelopes, or packaging that tear.
- Figurative Use (Advanced)
- Can describe emotional distress, like a broken heart (마음이 찢어지다).
내 마음이 찢어지는 것 같았어. (Nae maeumi jjijeojineun geot gatasseo.)
Using 찢어지다 in sentences is quite straightforward, especially for its literal meaning. As an intransitive verb, the subject of the sentence is the thing that gets torn. The most common past tense form is 찢어졌어요 (jjijeojyeosseoyo) or 찢어졌다 (jjijeojyeotda) in less formal speech.
이 옷이 찢어졌어요. (I osi jjijeojyeosseoyo.)
To construct a sentence, you simply place the noun that is torn before the verb, usually with the subject particle 이/가 (i/ga). For example, if you have a book that is torn, you would say '책이 찢어졌어요' (chaegi jjijeojyeosseoyo).
- Basic Structure
- [Subject (the item that is torn)] + 이/가 + 찢어지다 (conjugated).
- Present Tense
- This indicates the current state of being torn. Example: 찢어지고 있어요 (jjijeojigo isseoyo - is becoming torn).
- Past Tense
- The most common usage, describing something that has already been torn. Example: 찢어졌어요 (jjijeojyeosseoyo - got torn).
- Future Tense/Possibility
- Indicates something might tear or will tear. Example: 찢어질 거예요 (jjijeojil geoyeyo - will tear).
이 종이가 찢어질 것 같아요. (I jongiga jjijeojil geot gatayo.)
You can also add context about how or why it got torn, though 찢어지다 itself doesn't specify the agent. For example, 'accidentally tore' would require adding extra phrases, but the core verb remains the same.
- Adding More Detail
- You can use adverbs to describe the state or manner of tearing, but these often modify the situation rather than the verb directly.
- Figurative Usage Examples
- A more advanced use involves emotional states. Example: 마음이 찢어질 듯 아팠어요 (maeumi jjijeojil deut apasseoyo - It hurt as if my heart was torn).
그 소식을 듣고 가슴이 찢어지는 줄 알았어요. (Geu sosigeul deutgo gaseumi jjijeojineun jul arasseoyo.)
You'll encounter 찢어지다 in a variety of everyday situations, making it a very practical word to learn. Its literal meaning is the most frequent, so listen for it in contexts involving physical objects.
이 바지 밑단이 찢어졌네. (I baji mitdani jjijeojyeonne.)
In homes, you might hear someone remarking that a curtain has 찢어지다 or that a book's pages are 찢어지다. When shopping, especially for second-hand items, sellers might point out if a bag or a piece of clothing has a tear, saying it 찢어졌어요. During school or office work, discussions about damaged documents or torn paper are common.
- Everyday Conversations
- Friends might discuss a ripped piece of clothing, a torn poster, or damaged packaging.
- Shopping and Repairs
- When buying or selling used goods, or when taking items for repair.
- School and Office
- Discussing torn homework papers, damaged notebooks, or ripped files.
- Media and Entertainment
- In dramas or movies, characters might describe emotional pain using the figurative sense, like 'my heart is torn'.
이 서류가 찢어져서 다시 인쇄해야 해요. (I seoryuga jjijeojyeoseo dasi injwaehhaeyo.)
You might also hear it in news reports about damage to property or infrastructure, though this is less common for everyday learners. Even in informal settings, like texting friends, you could say '내 우산이 찢어졌어!' (Nae usani jjijeojyeosseo! - My umbrella got torn!). The past tense form 찢어졌어요 is extremely prevalent.
- Children's Books
- Stories for young children often involve objects getting torn, making it a familiar word.
- DIY and Crafting
- Discussions about fabric or paper being torn during projects.
- Travel
- Talking about a torn map or a ripped backpack during a trip.
이 낡은 가방은 곧 찢어질 것 같아. (I nalgeun gabangeun got jjijeojil geot gata.)
Learners of Korean often make a few common mistakes when using 찢어지다, primarily related to confusing it with its active counterpart or misapplying it to situations where another verb is more appropriate.
Mistake: 내가 종이를 찢었어요. (Naega jongireul jjijeosseoyo.)
The most frequent error is using 찢어지다 when you mean to say that *you* performed the action of tearing something. 찢어지다 is intransitive, meaning the subject is the thing that gets torn. If you are the one doing the tearing, you should use the transitive verb 찢다 (jjitta).
- Using 찢어지다 for Active Tearing
- Incorrect: 내가 옷을 찢어졌어요. (Naega oseul jjijeojyeosseoyo.) Correct: 내가 옷을 찢었어요. (Naega oseul jjijeosseoyo.) or 옷이 찢어졌어요. (Osi jjijeojyeosseoyo.)
- Confusing with Similar Verbs
- Sometimes learners might use 찢어지다 for breaking or cracking, which are different actions. For example, a window breaking would use 깨지다 (kkaejida).
- Incorrect Subject-Verb Agreement
- Using 찢어지다 with an object particle (을/를) is incorrect because it's intransitive. The subject should be the item that is torn.
Correct: 아이가 찢은 종이 조각들. (Aiga jjijeun jongi jogakdeul.)
Another potential pitfall is using it for very fine damage, like a scratch. While a deep scratch could lead to a tear, 찢어지다 implies a more significant separation of material. For minor abrasions, other words might be more suitable.
- Overuse in Figurative Sense
- While 찢어지다 can be used metaphorically for strong emotions, using it too casually for mild sadness can sound unnatural.
- Pronunciation Errors
- Mispronouncing the initial 'ㅉ' sound can lead to confusion with similar-sounding words.
Correct: 이 찢어진 신문 좀 치워주세요. (I jjijeojin sinmun jom chiwojuseyo.)
찢어지다 (jjijeojida) is quite specific, but there are other words that describe damage or separation, sometimes with overlapping meanings or different nuances. Understanding these alternatives helps in choosing the most precise word.
- 찢다 (jjitta) - To tear (transitive)
- This is the active verb. 찢다 is when someone or something actively tears another thing. 찢어지다 is the result of that action, where the object itself is torn. Example: 'I tore the paper' is '내가 종이를 찢었어요' (Naega jongireul jjijeosseoyo). 'The paper is torn' is '종이가 찢어졌어요' (Jongiga jjijeojyeosseoyo).
- 구멍 나다 (gumeong nada) - To have a hole
- This means 'to develop a hole'. While a tear often results in a hole, 구멍 나다 is more general. A sock could have a hole from wear and tear without necessarily being 'torn' in the sense of a rip. Example: 'My sock has a hole' is '제 양말에 구멍 났어요' (Je yangmare gumeong nasseoyo).
- 터지다 (teojida) - To burst; to explode; to break open
- This verb implies a sudden, forceful rupture, often from internal pressure. It's used for balloons, tires, or even pipes bursting. It's not typically used for the gentle tearing of paper or fabric. Example: 'The balloon burst' is '풍선이 터졌어요' (Pungseoni teojyeosseoyo).
- 헤지다 (hejida) - To become worn out; to fray
- This describes gradual wear and tear, especially on fabric edges, leading to fraying or becoming threadbare. A piece of clothing might 헤지다 over time, and eventually, it might 찢어지다. Example: 'The edge of the towel is frayed' is '수건 가장자리가 헤졌어요' (Sugeon gajangjariga hejyeosseoyo).
- 갈라지다 (gallajida) - To split; to crack
- This verb is used for things that split along a line or crack, like dry earth, lips, or wood. It's not the same as a rip in fabric or paper. Example: 'My lips are chapped' is '입술이 갈라졌어요' (Ibsuri gallajyeosseoyo).
옷이 낡아서 헤지고 있었다. 그러다가 결국 찢어졌다. (Os-i nalgaseo hejigo isseotda. Geureodaga gyeolguk jjijeojyeotda.)
When describing emotional pain, the figurative use of 찢어지다 is common. However, for less intense feelings of sadness or disappointment, words like 슬프다 (seulpeuda - sad) or 속상하다 (soksanghada - upset) would be more appropriate.
- Break vs. Tear
- A glass breaking is 깨지다, while paper tearing is 찢어지다.
- Ripped vs. Holed
- 찢어지다 implies a linear tear, while 구멍 나다 is a more general hole.
새 가죽 재킷이 찢어졌어요. (Sae gajuk jaekisi jjijeojyeosseoyo.)
How Formal Is It?
豆知識
The suffix -어지다 (-eojida) is a productive morpheme in Korean, meaning it can be added to many transitive verbs to create their intransitive or passive counterparts. This allows for a flexible way to express states of being or passive actions without needing entirely new vocabulary.
発音ガイド
- Pronouncing 'ㅉ' as 'ㅈ' (j) or 'ㅊ' (ch) instead of the tense 'jj' sound.
- Not clearly distinguishing the 'ㅣ' (i) vowel from other vowels.
- Incorrectly stressing syllables, as Korean is not a stress-timed language like English.
難易度
The literal meaning is straightforward and appears frequently in basic texts. Figurative uses require a higher level of comprehension. Understanding the context is crucial.
Easy to use for literal descriptions of damage. Figurative use requires more nuanced understanding of emotional states or abstract concepts.
Commonly used in everyday conversation for describing damaged items. Pronunciation of the tense consonant 'ㅉ' can be challenging for beginners.
Recognizable in context, especially when discussing physical damage. Figurative uses may require more attention to nuance.
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Intransitive Verbs
찢어지다 is intransitive, meaning the subject is the recipient of the action. Unlike 찢다 (to tear), it doesn't take an object.
The suffix -어지다 (-eojida)
This suffix turns transitive verbs into intransitive or passive verbs. Example: 만들다 (to make, transitive) -> 만들어지다 (to be made, intransitive).
Past Participle as Adjective
The past participle form 찢어진 (jjijeojin) functions as an adjective modifying a noun. Example: 찢어진 옷 (jjijeojin ot) - torn clothes.
Future Tense/Possibility with -ㄹ 것 같다
Used to express that something is likely to happen or might happen. Example: 이 종이가 찢어질 것 같아요. (I jongiga jjijeojil geot gatayo.) - This paper looks like it will tear.
Subject Particles 이/가
Used with the subject of intransitive verbs like 찢어지다. Example: 책이 찢어졌어요. (Chaegi jjijeojyeosseoyo.) - The book got torn.
レベル別の例文
종이가 찢어져요.
The paper tears.
Simple present tense, indicating a general state or habitual action.
책이 찢어졌어요.
The book got torn.
Past tense, common for describing completed damage.
옷이 찢어졌어요.
The clothes got torn.
Past tense, applicable to various clothing items.
봉투가 찢어졌어요.
The envelope got torn.
Past tense, used for packaging or mail.
바지가 찢어졌어요.
The pants got torn.
Past tense, a common scenario for clothing damage.
그림이 찢어졌어요.
The picture got torn.
Past tense, referring to a torn artwork or photograph.
가방이 찢어졌어요.
The bag got torn.
Past tense, used for bags of various materials.
신문이 찢어졌어요.
The newspaper got torn.
Past tense, common for paper products.
이 낡은 종이가 찢어질 것 같아요.
This old paper looks like it will tear.
Future possibility using '-ㄹ 것 같다'.
연필로 찢어진 부분을 칠했어요.
I colored the torn part with a pencil.
Describes an action taken on a torn object.
갑자기 천이 찢어지는 소리가 났어요.
Suddenly, there was a sound of fabric tearing.
Describes the sound associated with tearing.
그녀의 웃음소리가 마치 찢어지는 듯했다.
Her laughter sounded as if it was tearing.
Figurative use, comparing laughter to tearing (less common at A2, but possible).
이 찢어진 우산은 더 이상 쓸 수 없어요.
This torn umbrella can no longer be used.
Using the past participle form '찢어진' as an adjective.
그녀는 찢어진 옷을 입고 있었어요.
She was wearing torn clothes.
Using the past participle form '찢어진' as an adjective.
찢어진 편지를 다시 붙이려고 했어요.
I tried to reattach the torn letter.
Describing an action related to a torn item.
이 찢어진 책갈피는 버려야 해요.
This torn bookmark needs to be thrown away.
Using the past participle form '찢어진' as an adjective.
갑작스러운 사고로 인해 그의 가방이 심하게 찢어졌습니다.
Due to a sudden accident, his bag was severely torn.
Using adverbs to intensify the degree of tearing.
오래된 영화 포스터가 세월의 흔적으로 찢어져 있었습니다.
The old movie poster was torn as a sign of the passage of time.
Describing the cause of tearing (age).
그녀는 찢어진 옷가지들을 모아 수선집에 가져갔다.
She gathered the torn pieces of clothing and took them to the tailor.
Referring to multiple torn items.
마음이 찢어지는 듯한 슬픔을 느꼈습니다.
I felt a sorrow as if my heart was torn apart.
Figurative use for intense emotional pain.
찢어진 신발을 신고 오래 걷는 것은 매우 불편했다.
Walking a long distance with torn shoes was very uncomfortable.
Using '찢어진' as an adjective to describe footwear.
이 찢어진 서류는 더 이상 증거로 사용할 수 없습니다.
This torn document can no longer be used as evidence.
Context of legal or official documents.
그의 목소리가 떨리며 찢어지는 듯했다.
His voice trembled and sounded as if it was tearing.
Figurative use for voice quality.
찢어진 봉투 안에서 예상치 못한 물건이 나왔다.
An unexpected item came out of the torn envelope.
Describing the contents revealed by a tear.
그의 갑작스러운 배신으로 인해 우리의 우정이 찢어지기 시작했다.
Our friendship began to tear due to his sudden betrayal.
Figurative use for relationships breaking down.
강풍으로 인해 텐트 천이 찢어지는 사고가 발생했습니다.
An incident occurred where the tent fabric tore due to strong winds.
Describing damage to outdoor equipment.
그녀의 눈물이 뺨을 타고 흐르며 마치 찢어지는 듯한 고통을 표현했다.
Her tears flowed down her cheeks, expressing pain as if her soul was tearing.
Figurative use for expressing extreme emotional suffering.
오래된 지도에 그려진 찢어진 선들은 여행의 역사를 말해주는 듯했다.
The torn lines drawn on the old map seemed to tell the history of the journey.
Describing torn lines on a map as historical markers.
그녀는 찢어진 깃발을 보며 깊은 슬픔에 잠겼다.
Seeing the torn flag, she fell into deep sorrow.
Symbolic use of a torn flag representing a nation's hardship.
이 찢어진 앨범 속 사진들은 행복했던 과거를 떠올리게 한다.
The photos in this torn album bring back memories of a happy past.
Describing torn pages in a memory-filled album.
그는 찢어진 마음을 안고 홀로 밤거리를 헤맸다.
With a torn heart, he wandered alone through the night streets.
Figurative use for a broken heart or emotional devastation.
찢어진 돛을 단 배가 폭풍 속에서 겨우 항해를 계속했다.
The ship with a torn sail barely continued its voyage in the storm.
Describing damage to a ship's sail.
그의 말은 마치 찢어진 유리 조각처럼 날카롭게 그녀의 심장을 파고들었다.
His words, like shards of torn glass, pierced her heart sharply.
Metaphorical comparison for hurtful words.
역사의 격랑 속에서 많은 문화유산이 찢어지고 훼손되었다.
In the turbulent waves of history, much cultural heritage was torn and damaged.
Describing damage to cultural heritage over time.
그녀의 연설은 찢어진 사회의 상처를 치유하려는 간절한 호소였다.
Her speech was an earnest plea to heal the wounds of a torn society.
Figurative use for societal division and healing.
찢어진 맹세는 그들의 관계를 돌이킬 수 없는 파국으로 몰아넣었다.
The torn oath drove their relationship to an irreversible catastrophe.
Figurative use for broken promises or vows.
찢어진 낡은 사진첩을 넘기며 그는 지난날의 추억에 잠겼다.
Flipping through the torn old photo album, he was lost in memories of past days.
Evocative description of old, torn memorabilia.
그녀의 예술은 찢어진 현실의 조각들을 모아 새로운 의미를 창조한다.
Her art collects fragments of torn reality to create new meaning.
Artistic interpretation of piecing together fragmented reality.
찢어진 깃털처럼 그의 희망은 바람에 흩날렸다.
Like a torn feather, his hopes scattered in the wind.
Poetic metaphor for lost hope.
이 찢어진 계약서는 법적 효력을 상실한 지 오래였다.
This torn contract had long lost its legal validity.
Formal context of legal documents.
그의 내면은 산산이 찢어진 영혼의 파편들로 가득 차 있었다.
His inner self was filled with fragments of a shattered soul, torn to pieces.
Highly figurative and poetic description of psychological state.
전쟁의 참혹함은 모든 것을 찢어놓았고, 희망마저도 재로 변하게 했다.
The horrors of war tore everything apart, turning even hope into ashes.
Describing the devastating impact of war.
그녀의 예술은 찢어진 사회적 통념의 조각들을 재구성하여 급진적인 메시지를 전달했다.
Her art reconstructed fragments of torn social conventions, conveying a radical message.
Analysis of art's role in deconstructing and reconstructing societal norms.
시간의 흐름 속에서 잊혀진 기억들은 마치 찢어진 낡은 태피스트리처럼 희미해져 갔다.
Forgotten memories, in the flow of time, faded like a torn, old tapestry.
Evocative metaphor for the fading nature of memory.
그는 찢어진 이상과 현실의 괴리 속에서 끊임없이 고뇌했다.
He constantly agonized in the gap between torn ideals and reality.
Philosophical exploration of the conflict between ideals and reality.
그녀의 침묵은 찢어진 관계의 마지막 조각처럼 무겁게 내려앉았다.
Her silence settled heavily, like the last remaining piece of a torn relationship.
Symbolic representation of silence in broken relationships.
인류 역사의 찢어진 페이지들 속에서 우리는 끊임없이 교훈을 찾아 헤맨다.
In the torn pages of human history, we endlessly search for lessons.
Reflecting on the search for meaning in historical narratives.
그녀의 글은 찢어진 진실의 파편들을 모아 거대한 그림을 완성하는 듯했다.
Her writing seemed to assemble fragments of torn truth to complete a grand picture.
Literary analysis of how fragmented truths form a larger narrative.
よく使う組み合わせ
よく使うフレーズ
— It got torn. / It is torn.
이 옷이 찢어졌어요. (I osi jjijeojyeosseoyo.) - This piece of clothing got torn.
— Torn clothes.
나는 찢어진 옷을 입고 밖에 나갈 수 없어요. (Naneun jjijeojin oseul ipgo bakke nagal su eopseoyo.) - I can't go out wearing torn clothes.
— Torn paper.
찢어진 종이를 다시 붙이세요. (Jjijeojin jongireul dasi buchiseyo.) - Please reattach the torn paper.
— Torn bag.
이 찢어진 가방은 더 이상 사용할 수 없어요. (I jjijeojin gabangeun deoisang sayonghal su eopseoyo.) - This torn bag can no longer be used.
— The torn part.
찢어진 부분에 테이프를 붙였어요. (Jjijeojin bubune teipeureul butyeosseoyo.) - I put tape on the torn part.
— To have one's heart broken; to feel devastated.
그 소식을 듣고 마음이 찢어지는 줄 알았어요. (Geu sosigeul deutgo maeumi jjijeojineun jul arasseoyo.) - Hearing that news, I felt like my heart was torn apart.
— A tear; a gap; a rip.
벽에 찢어진 틈이 생겼어요. (Byeoge jjijeojin teumi saenggyeosseoyo.) - A tear appeared in the wall.
— Torn flag.
폭풍으로 인해 깃발이 찢어졌어요. (Pokpung-euro inhae gitbari jjijeojyeosseoyo.) - The flag got torn due to the storm.
— Broken oath/promise.
그들의 찢어진 맹세는 관계의 파국을 의미했다. (Geudeurui jjijeojin maengneseoneun gwangye-ui pagugeul uimihaetda.) - Their torn oath signified the end of their relationship.
— Torn world; divided world.
이 찢어진 세상 속에서 평화를 찾기란 어렵습니다. (I jjijeojin sesang sogeseo pyeonghwareul chatgiryan eoryeopseumnida.) - It is difficult to find peace in this torn world.
よく混同される語
찢다 is the transitive verb meaning 'to tear' (an object), while 찢어지다 is the intransitive verb meaning 'to be torn' (the object itself).
깨지다 means 'to break' or 'to shatter', typically used for brittle materials like glass or ceramics, not for tearing fabric or paper.
부서지다 means 'to break into pieces' or 'to be smashed', often used for larger, more solid objects that fall apart completely.
慣用句と表現
— To feel extreme emotional pain, heartbreak, or devastation. It's like your heart is physically torn apart.
사랑하는 사람을 잃었을 때 마음이 찢어지는 듯한 슬픔을 느꼈다.
figurative, emotional— A torn mouth; used to describe someone who talks excessively or indiscreetly, often revealing secrets or gossip.
그는 찢어진 입으로 소문을 퍼뜨리는 것을 좋아한다.
colloquial, slightly negative— A torn sky; often used metaphorically to describe a dramatic or catastrophic event, or a sky filled with dark clouds or storms.
폭풍우가 몰아치는 찢어진 하늘 아래, 그는 홀로 서 있었다.
poetic, descriptive— A broken oath or promise, signifying a severe breach of trust or commitment.
그들의 찢어진 맹세는 관계의 종말을 고했다.
figurative, serious— A torn or divided world, referring to societal divisions, conflicts, or irreparable fragmentation.
이 찢어진 세상 속에서 진정한 화합은 요원해 보인다.
figurative, societal— A torn flag, often symbolizing defeat, loss, or a broken nation or cause.
전쟁터에는 찢어진 깃발만이 뒹굴고 있었다.
symbolic, often military/political— A torn page, which can literally refer to a damaged book page, or metaphorically to a damaged or incomplete part of a story or history.
그녀의 삶에는 찢어진 페이지처럼 잊고 싶은 순간들이 많았다.
literal and figurative— A torn hem or piece of fabric from clothing. Can be used literally or metaphorically to describe something that is falling apart or in disarray.
그의 찢어진 옷자락은 그의 불행한 처지를 대변하는 듯했다.
literal and figurative— Torn glass; refers to glass that has been broken into sharp, jagged pieces. Often used metaphorically for sharp or hurtful words.
그의 비난은 찢어진 유리처럼 날카로웠다.
literal and figurative— A literal tear or gap, or a metaphorical opportunity or vulnerability that has opened up.
그녀의 부주의는 찢어진 틈을 만들었고, 그 사이로 문제가 발생했다.
literal and figurative間違えやすい
Both describe a form of rupture or breaking.
<mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>찢어지다</mark> refers to a tear or rip in a surface like fabric or paper. <mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>터지다</mark> refers to bursting or exploding, often due to internal pressure, like a balloon or a pipe.
풍선이 터졌어요. (Balloon burst.) vs. 바지가 찢어졌어요. (Pants tore.)
Both relate to damage and wear over time.
<mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>헤지다</mark> means to fray or become worn out, usually at the edges of fabric, indicating gradual degradation. <mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>찢어지다</mark> refers to a more distinct rip or tear in the material.
양말 끝이 헤졌어요. (Sock ends frayed.) vs. 양말에 구멍이 찢어졌어요. (A hole tore in the sock.)
Both involve separation of material.
<mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>갈라지다</mark> means to split or crack along a line, like dry earth or lips. <mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>찢어지다</mark> is a tear in a surface, not necessarily along a pre-existing line of weakness.
땅이 갈라졌어요. (Ground cracked.) vs. 종이가 찢어졌어요. (Paper tore.)
A tear often creates a hole.
<mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>구멍 나다</mark> simply means 'to have a hole'. <mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>찢어지다</mark> specifically describes the process or state of being torn, implying the material separated.
옷에 구멍 났어요. (There's a hole in my clothes.) vs. 옷이 찢어졌어요. (My clothes got torn.)
Both indicate damage and loss of integrity.
<mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>부서지다</mark> means to break or shatter into pieces, typically for rigid objects like glass or pottery. <mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>찢어지다</mark> is for flexible materials like paper or fabric that tear.
유리가 부서졌어요. (Glass shattered.) vs. 종이가 찢어졌어요. (Paper tore.)
文型パターン
[Noun] + 이/가 + 찢어졌어요.
바지가 찢어졌어요. (Bajiga jjijeojyeosseoyo.)
찢어진 + [Noun]
찢어진 종이 (jjijeojin jongi)
[Noun] + 이/가 + 찢어질 것 같아요.
이 옷이 찢어질 것 같아요. (I osi jjijeojil geot gatayo.)
이/그 + [Noun] + 찢어졌어요.
이 가방이 찢어졌어요. (I gabangi jjijeojyeosseoyo.)
[Noun] + 이/가 + [Reason] + 찢어졌어요.
칼에 찔려서 찢어졌어요. (Kare jjillyeoseo jjijeojyeosseoyo.) - It got torn by a knife.
[Figurative Noun] + 이/가 + 찢어질 듯 + [Adjective].
마음이 찢어질 듯 아팠어요. (Maeumi jjijeojil deut apasseoyo.)
[Noun] + 이/가 + [Adverb] + 찢어졌어요.
가방이 크게 찢어졌어요. (Gabangi keuge jjijeojyeosseoyo.)
[Noun] + 의 + 찢어진 + [Noun]
책의 찢어진 페이지 (chaegui jjijeojin peiji) - The torn page of the book.
語族
名詞
動詞
形容詞
関連
使い方
High, especially in everyday contexts.
-
Using 찢어지다 for active tearing.
→
Use 찢다 for active tearing, and 찢어지다 for the state of being torn.
Mistake: '내가 옷을 찢어졌어요.' (I tore clothes - incorrect). Correct: '내가 옷을 찢었어요.' (I tore clothes) or '옷이 찢어졌어요.' (The clothes got torn).
-
Confusing 찢어지다 with 깨지다.
→
Use 찢어지다 for paper/fabric, and 깨지다 for glass/brittle objects.
Mistake: '유리가 찢어졌어요.' (Glass tore - incorrect). Correct: '유리가 깨졌어요.' (Glass broke).
-
Using 찢어지다 for fraying.
→
Use 헤지다 for fraying/wearing out, and 찢어지다 for a distinct tear.
Mistake: '옷 가장자리가 찢어졌어요.' (The edge of the clothes tore - usually fraying). Correct: '옷 가장자리가 헤졌어요.' (The edge of the clothes frayed).
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Incorrectly applying figurative meaning.
→
Use 찢어지다 for strong emotional pain, but use other words for milder sadness.
Mistake: '조금 슬퍼서 마음이 찢어졌어요.' (I felt a little sad, so my heart tore - unnatural). Correct: '너무 슬퍼서 마음이 찢어지는 것 같았어요.' (I was so sad it felt like my heart tore).
-
Using object particles with 찢어지다.
→
As an intransitive verb, 찢어지다 does not take an object particle (을/를).
Mistake: '종이를 찢어졌어요.' (Incorrect). Correct: '종이가 찢어졌어요.' (The paper got torn).
ヒント
Master the 'ㅉ' Sound
The initial 'ㅉ' in 찢어지다 is a tense consonant. Practice saying it by tensing your vocal cords and not aspirating the sound too much. It's distinct from 'ㅈ' (j) and 'ㅊ' (ch). Listen to native speakers and try to mimic the sound to avoid confusion with similar-sounding words.
Intransitive vs. Transitive
Remember that 찢어지다 is intransitive (the subject is the thing being torn). If you are the one doing the tearing, use the transitive verb 찢다. This distinction is crucial for correct sentence construction.
Visual Association
Imagine a piece of paper being forcefully ripped in half. Visualize the material separating and creating a tear. Connect this strong visual image with the Korean word 찢어지다 to help solidify its meaning.
Describe Everyday Damage
Look around your environment and describe any torn items you see using 찢어지다. For example, 'My old book's cover is torn' (내 오래된 책 표지가 찢어졌어요). This hands-on practice reinforces the word's usage.
Adjective Form
The past participle 찢어진 (jjijeojin) acts as an adjective. Use it to describe things that are currently torn, like 찢어진 clothes (torn clothes) or 찢어진 paper (torn paper).
Emotional Metaphors
Understand that in Korean, strong emotional pain can be described using physical metaphors. 마음이 찢어지다 (heart is torn) is a powerful example, similar to 'heartbreak' in English.
Tear vs. Break
Distinguish 찢어지다 (tear) from 깨지다 (break/shatter). Glass breaks, fabric tears. Remembering this will help you choose the correct verb.
Think About Repair
When you learn about something being torn (찢어지다), also consider how it would be fixed. Learning related words like 수선하다 (to mend) provides a more complete vocabulary set.
Beyond the Literal
Explore how 찢어지다 can describe societal division ('a torn society') or broken relationships. This adds depth to your understanding and allows for more nuanced expression.
暗記しよう
記憶術
Imagine a piece of paper being ripped in half. The sound 'jjijijijik!' is like the sound of tearing. So, 'jjijiji' + 'da' (for the verb ending) sounds like 찢어지다. Think of a loud 'Jeez!' when you see something torn.
視覚的連想
Picture a very strong gust of wind blowing a flag, causing it to rip dramatically. The flag is 찢어지다.
Word Web
チャレンジ
Try to describe three different objects in your room that are currently torn or could easily be torn, using the word 찢어지다 in simple sentences. For example, 'My old book's cover is torn.' (내 오래된 책 표지가 찢어졌어요.)
語源
The verb 찢어지다 is derived from the root verb 찢다 (jjitta), which means 'to tear'. The suffix -어지다 (-eojida) is a common grammatical element in Korean that turns a transitive verb into an intransitive one, indicating a passive action or a state change. Therefore, 찢어지다 literally means 'to be torn'.
元の意味： The original meaning of the root 찢- (jjit-) is related to the action of separating something by pulling or cutting it apart, creating a rip or tear.
Koreanic language family.文化的な背景
While 찢어지다 is used for literal damage, its figurative use for emotional pain should be handled with care, as it implies severe distress.
In English, we have similar words like 'torn,' 'ripped,' 'shredded,' and 'shattered.' The figurative use of 'heartbroken' in English is analogous to 마음이 찢어지다.
実生活で練習する
実際の使用場面
Describing damaged clothing.
- 옷이 찢어졌어요.
- 바지가 찢어졌어요.
- 찢어진 옷은 입기 싫어요.
Talking about torn paper products.
- 종이가 찢어졌어요.
- 찢어진 편지를 붙였어요.
- 이 책은 표지가 찢어졌어요.
Discussing damaged bags or containers.
- 가방이 찢어졌어요.
- 봉투가 찢어졌어요.
- 찢어진 가방은 못 써요.
Figurative use for emotional pain.
- 마음이 찢어질 듯 아팠어요.
- 그 소식에 가슴이 찢어졌어요.
- 찢어진 마음을 추스르다.
General damage and wear.
- 이것 좀 찢어졌어요.
- 찢어진 부분을 고쳐주세요.
- 더 이상 찢어지지 않게 조심하세요.
会話のきっかけ
"Did you ever accidentally tear something important?"
"What's the most common thing you see get torn around your house?"
"Have you ever had clothes get torn while doing an activity?"
"When was the last time you saw a torn piece of paper?"
"How do you feel when something you own gets torn?"
日記のテーマ
Describe a time when an item you owned got torn. What was it, and how did you feel?
Think about a time you felt intense emotional pain. How would you describe that feeling using the concept of being torn?
Imagine you have a favorite item that is starting to tear. What steps would you take to prevent it from tearing further or to repair it?
Reflect on the difference between something being 'torn' and something being 'broken'. Provide examples.
Write a short story where the main conflict involves something or someone being torn apart, either literally or figuratively.
よくある質問
10 問The main difference is transitivity. 찢다 is a transitive verb, meaning 'to tear' something. The subject performs the action on an object. For example, 'I tore the paper' is '내가 종이를 찢었어요.' 찢어지다 is an intransitive verb, meaning 'to be torn.' The subject is the thing that gets torn. For example, 'The paper got torn' is '종이가 찢어졌어요.'
Yes, 찢어지다 is often used figuratively to describe intense emotional pain, like heartbreak. The phrase 마음이 찢어지다 (maeumi jjijeojida) means 'my heart is torn apart' or 'I feel devastated.' This is a common metaphorical extension of the physical meaning.
찢어지다 is most commonly used for materials that can be torn, such as paper (종이), fabric (천), clothing (옷), books (책), bags (가방), and envelopes (봉투).
No, 찢어지다 is not used for breaking glass. For glass, you would use 깨지다 (kkaejida - to break/shatter).
You can say '이것이 찢어졌어요' (igeosi jjijeojyeosseoyo) or '이것이 찢어졌네' (igeosi jjijeojyeonne) for informal speech. If you are describing something that is currently in a torn state, you can use the adjective form: '이것은 찢어진 것입니다' (igeoseun jjijeojin geosimnida).
찢어지다 specifically means to be torn or ripped, implying a separation of material. 구멍 나다 simply means 'to have a hole.' A tear can create a hole, but a hole can also exist for other reasons (like wear or damage). 찢어지다 is more specific about the *type* of damage.
Yes, the common verbs for mending or repairing something torn are 수선하다 (suseonhada - to mend/repair) and 꿰매다 (kkwemaeda - to sew/stitch up), especially for fabric.
The past participle form used as an adjective is 찢어진 (jjijeojin). For example, 찢어진 옷 (torn clothes).
Yes, it can be used, often with a cause indicated. For example, '강풍으로 인해 텐트가 찢어졌어요' (Gangpung-euro inhae tenteuga jjijeojyeosseoyo) - 'The tent tore due to strong winds.' Here, the wind is the agent causing the tearing.
The figurative use, especially for emotions like heartbreak (마음이 찢어지다), is quite common in literature, songs, and emotional expressions. However, for everyday descriptions of physical damage, the literal meaning is far more frequent.
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Summary
The verb <mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>찢어지다</mark> describes something becoming torn or ripped, like paper or clothing. It's an intransitive verb, meaning the subject itself is the thing that gets torn.
- To be torn or ripped.
- Used for objects like paper, clothes, bags.
- It's the passive form of 'to tear'.
- Commonly used in past tense: 찢어졌어요.
Master the 'ㅉ' Sound
The initial 'ㅉ' in 찢어지다 is a tense consonant. Practice saying it by tensing your vocal cords and not aspirating the sound too much. It's distinct from 'ㅈ' (j) and 'ㅊ' (ch). Listen to native speakers and try to mimic the sound to avoid confusion with similar-sounding words.
Intransitive vs. Transitive
Remember that 찢어지다 is intransitive (the subject is the thing being torn). If you are the one doing the tearing, use the transitive verb 찢다. This distinction is crucial for correct sentence construction.
Context is Key
While 찢어지다 literally means 'to be torn,' its figurative use for emotional pain is also common. Pay attention to the surrounding words and the overall situation to determine whether it's referring to physical damage or emotional distress.
Visual Association
Imagine a piece of paper being forcefully ripped in half. Visualize the material separating and creating a tear. Connect this strong visual image with the Korean word 찢어지다 to help solidify its meaning.
例文
바지가 찢어졌어요.
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