このページをあなたの言語で

English

فارسی

العربية

Deutsch

Español

Français

한국어

Português

中文

हिन्दी

ホーム
学習
韓国語
語彙
잔존하다

B1 verb #7,000 よく出る 11分で読める

잔존하다

janjonhada 上位7,000

練習する例文メモとヒント 잔존하다 30秒で

解説 잔존하다 in your Level:

At the A1 level, you don't really need to use the word '잔존하다.' It is too formal and difficult. Instead, you should focus on the word '남다' (nam-da), which also means 'to remain' or 'to be left.' For example, if you want to say 'There is one apple left,' you say '사과가 하나 남았어요.' '잔존하다' is like a very fancy version of '남다' that adults use in news or history books. If you see this word, just think 'Oh, something is still there!' It usually refers to old things or traces of something that happened a long time ago. You will mostly see it in museums or in very serious stories. For now, just remember that it is a word for 'staying' or 'remaining' in a very serious way. You won't hear people say it when they are eating dinner or playing with friends. It's a 'library word' or a 'museum word.'

無料登録して完全な解説を読む

As an A2 learner, you are starting to see more formal Korean in signs and simple news. '잔존하다' is a verb that means 'to remain' or 'to persist.' It comes from Chinese characters (Hanja): '잔' means 'remnant' and '존' means 'to exist.' So, it literally means 'to exist as a remnant.' You might see this on a sign at a historical site like a palace or an old wall. If a sign says '성곽이 잔존함,' it means 'Part of the wall still remains.' It's different from '남다' because '남다' is used for everything, but '잔존하다' is for things that have survived from the past. You shouldn't use it for leftover food or money in your pocket. Use it when you want to sound more formal about something that has lasted a long time. For example, 'The old habit remains' (옛 습관이 잔존하다). It's a good word to recognize when you read about Korean history or culture.

無料登録して完全な解説を読む

At the B1 level, you should begin to distinguish between general verbs and their formal equivalents. '잔존하다' (to remain/persist) is a formal intransitive verb. It is used to describe the ongoing existence of remnants, traces, or vestiges of something that has mostly disappeared or changed. You will frequently encounter it in news reports, documentaries, and intermediate reading texts. For example, '일부 지역에는 아직도 옛 관습이 잔존하고 있다' (Old customs still persist in some areas). Note that it is often used with the '-고 있다' form to show a continuing state. It is particularly common in contexts like archaeology (ruins remaining), sociology (old mindsets persisting), and science (chemical residues). Learning this word helps you transition from 'everyday Korean' to 'academic/professional Korean.' You should use it in your writing when discussing history, social issues, or technical topics to sound more precise and educated.

For B2 learners, '잔존하다' is an essential vocabulary item for achieving high scores on the TOPIK II exam and for understanding complex media. This verb specifically highlights the 'residual' nature of the subject. It implies that while the main body or the original state of something is gone, a small portion—often an unwanted or significant part—continues to exist. Common collocations include '잔존 세력' (residual forces), '잔존 가치' (residual value), and '잔존 농약' (residual pesticides). Grammatically, it functions as an intransitive verb and often appears in the form '잔존해 있다' to describe a resulting state that persists. When writing essays (쓰기), use '잔존하다' instead of '남아 있다' to describe lingering social problems, historical vestiges, or environmental impacts. It conveys a tone of objective analysis. You should also be able to distinguish it from '존속하다' (to continue to exist as a system) and '상존하다' (to always exist as a potential state or risk).

無料登録して完全な解説を読む

At the C1 level, you should master the nuanced application of '잔존하다' in specialized discourses. In legal contexts, it refers to 'residual' rights or obligations (e.g., 잔존 채무 - remaining debt). In economic analysis, it pertains to 'residual value' (잔존 가치) of assets after depreciation. In history and sociology, it describes 'vestiges' (잔재) that '잔존' (persist) despite structural changes, often carrying a critical connotation regarding outdated or harmful elements from the past (e.g., 권위주의적 의식의 잔존 - the persistence of authoritarian consciousness). C1 learners should appreciate the word's ability to describe the 'afterlife' of an event or era. It is not merely about staying; it is about the endurance of a fragment against the tide of change. You should use this word to add analytical depth to your speech and writing, particularly when discussing the long-term effects of policies, historical traumas, or environmental degradation. Mastery involves knowing that '잔존' is the noun form used in professional terminology.

無料登録して完全な解説を読む

For C2 proficiency, '잔존하다' should be used with complete precision in highly academic or professional environments. It is a key term in the study of 'remnants' across various disciplines. In environmental science, you might discuss the half-life and '잔존성' (persistence) of organic pollutants. In literary criticism, you could analyze '잔존하는 이미지' (persisting images/pathosformel) that recur throughout art history. The word carries an inherent temporal tension—the past existing within the present. C2 speakers use '잔존하다' to describe the 'sedimentation' of history or the 'residual' components of a complex system. It is also used in advanced medical reporting to describe 'residual disease' (잔존 질환) after treatment. At this level, you are expected to understand its usage in classical or highly formal literature where it might describe the lingering atmosphere of a place or the faint, persisting echoes of a person's influence. It is a word that bridges the physical (ruins, chemicals) and the abstract (ideologies, memories), and a C2 learner uses it to navigate these sophisticated conceptual spaces.

無料登録して完全な解説を読む

練習する例文メモとヒント

잔존하다 30秒で

잔존하다 is a formal verb meaning 'to remain' or 'to persist,' focusing on remnants from the past or residues of a substance.
It is derived from Hanja (殘存), where '잔' means remnant and '존' means exist, implying a 'surviving part' of a whole.
The word is commonly used in history, science, law, and formal news reporting rather than in casual, daily conversations.
Typical subjects include historical ruins, old customs, chemical residues, residual values in finance, and lingering feelings or memories.

The Korean verb 잔존하다 (janjon-hada) is a sophisticated term that translates primarily to 'to remain,' 'to persist,' or 'to survive.' While the common verb '남다' also means to remain, 잔존하다 carries a much more formal, academic, or historical weight. It is derived from the Hanja 잔 (殘 - remaining/remnant) and 존 (存 - existing/surviving). When you use this word, you are typically referring to the survival of something from an earlier time, a previous state, or a larger whole that has otherwise disappeared or changed significantly. It is the language of historians, archaeologists, sociologists, and scientists.

Historical Context: This word is frequently used when discussing ancient ruins or artifacts. For example, if a small section of an ancient city wall still stands amidst a modern metropolis, a historian would say the wall '잔존하고 있다' (is remaining/persisting). It implies a sense of endurance against the passage of time or destructive forces.
Sociological Usage: In sociology, it describes old customs, beliefs, or social structures that continue to exist even though the society has modernized. If a village still practices a ritual from the Joseon Dynasty, that ritual is described as a '잔존하는 풍습' (a persisting custom).
Scientific and Legal Nuance: In chemistry or medicine, it refers to 'residue.' For instance, '잔존 농약' refers to residual pesticides left on crops. In legal or business terms, it might refer to 'residual value' or 'remaining assets' after a liquidation process.

이 지역에는 고구려 시대의 성곽이 일부 잔존하고 있어 역사적 가치가 매우 높습니다. (In this area, parts of the fortress walls from the Goguryeo period remain, so the historical value is very high.)

Understanding 잔존하다 requires recognizing its 'vestigial' nature. It is not just about staying behind; it is about being a 'remnant.' Imagine a forest that was cleared for a parking lot, but one single ancient oak tree was left in the corner. That tree is a 잔존 element of the original ecosystem. This nuance is vital for B1 learners moving into B2 and C1 levels, where precision in formal writing becomes necessary.

낡은 관습이 여전히 우리 사회에 잔존하고 있다는 비판이 제기되었습니다. (Criticism has been raised that old customs still persist in our society.)

Furthermore, the word often appears in passive or state-describing forms like '잔존해 있다' (is in a state of remaining). This emphasizes the ongoing existence of the remnant. In news reports regarding environmental issues, you will often hear about '잔존 수명' (remaining lifespan) of equipment or '잔존 오염' (residual pollution). This versatility across formal domains makes it a high-frequency word in academic reading materials and news broadcasts.

수술 후에도 통증이 약간 잔존할 수 있으니 주의 깊게 관찰해야 합니다. (Some pain may persist even after the surgery, so it must be observed carefully.)

Emotional Nuance: While mostly clinical or historical, it can be used poetically to describe lingering feelings. '잔존하는 기억' (lingering memories) suggests memories that refuse to fade away despite the passage of time, acting like a ghost of the past.

그의 마음속에는 여전히 그녀에 대한 그리움이 잔존하고 있었다. (In his heart, the longing for her still remained/persisted.)

폭격으로 파괴된 도시에는 예전의 영광이 잔존하는 흔적을 찾기 어려웠다. (In the city destroyed by bombing, it was difficult to find traces where former glory remained.)

Using 잔존하다 correctly requires an understanding of its grammatical patterns and the specific subjects it typically takes. As an intransitive verb (자동사), it does not take a direct object. Instead, the thing that remains is the subject, usually marked by the particles -이/가. Because it describes a state of being that continues from the past into the present, it is very frequently used in the progressive or state-result form -고 있다 or -아/어 있다.

Subject-Verb Agreement: Common subjects include: 흔적 (trace), 유물 (relic), 습관 (habit), 의식 (consciousness), 세력 (force/power), and 물질 (substance). You would say '흔적이 잔존하다' (a trace remains) or '세력이 잔존하다' (a force persists).
Adverbial Pairings: To emphasize the persistence, adverbs like 여전히 (still), 아직도 (even now), 일부 (partially), and 끈질기게 (tenaciously) are often used. For example: '여전히 잔존하는 문제들' (problems that still persist).

산불이 진화된 후에도 곳곳에 불씨가 잔존하고 있어 재발의 위험이 있습니다. (Even after the forest fire was extinguished, embers remain in various places, so there is a risk of it starting again.)

In academic writing, 잔존하다 is used to discuss the 'aftermath' or 'residue' of events. If a policy was abolished but its effects are still felt, you can use this word. It provides a more precise description than the general '남아 있다.' For instance, in a sentence like '식민 지배의 잔재가 여전히 잔존하고 있다' (The vestiges of colonial rule still persist), the word choice highlights the unwanted and lingering nature of these historical remnants.

이 약을 복용하면 체내에 성분이 24시간 동안 잔존하게 됩니다. (If you take this medicine, the ingredients will remain in your body for 24 hours.)

Another frequent usage is in the context of 'residual forces' or 'remnants of an army.' In military history or news regarding conflicts, you might see the phrase '잔존 세력' (remaining forces). This implies that while the main army was defeated, small pockets of soldiers continue to exist and potentially fight.

적군의 잔존 세력을 소탕하기 위해 추가 병력이 투입되었습니다. (Additional troops were deployed to wipe out the remaining forces of the enemy.)

Environmental and Health Contexts: When talking about pollution, '잔존 오염 물질' (residual pollutants) is a standard term. It refers to chemicals that do not break down easily and stay in the soil or water for a long time. This usage is common in environmental reports and health safety guidelines.

토양에 잔존하는 중금속은 농작물을 통해 인체에 흡수될 수 있습니다. (Heavy metals remaining in the soil can be absorbed into the human body through crops.)

컴퓨터를 포맷해도 일부 데이터가 하드 디스크에 잔존할 수 있습니다. (Even if you format the computer, some data may remain on the hard disk.)

You are most likely to encounter 잔존하다 in structured, informative environments. It is a staple of Korean news broadcasts (뉴스), documentaries (다큐멘터리), and academic lectures (강의). Because it deals with things that persist over time, it is the primary word used when discussing national heritage or environmental safety. If you are watching a news segment about food safety, the reporter might discuss the '잔존 농약 허용 기준' (allowable standards for residual pesticides).

Museums and Historical Sites: When visiting a museum in Korea, the descriptions on the plaques (안내판) will frequently use '잔존하다.' Descriptions like '건물의 기단부만 잔존함' (Only the foundation of the building remains) are standard. It sounds more professional and precise than saying '남아 있음.'
News and Current Affairs: News anchors use this word when reporting on long-standing social issues. If a strike is over but some workers are still protesting, the news might report that '일부 시위대가 현장에 잔존하고 있다' (Some protesters remain at the scene). It conveys a factual, objective tone.

KBS 뉴스: "이번 태풍으로 인한 피해 복구가 진행 중이지만, 여전히 침수 지역에는 물이 잔존해 있어 주민들의 불편이 계속되고 있습니다." (KBS News: "Recovery from the typhoon damage is underway, but water still remains in flooded areas, causing continued inconvenience for residents.")

In the business world, especially in finance and accounting, you will hear about '잔존 가치' (residual value). This refers to the estimated value of an asset at the end of its useful life. If you are leasing a car in Korea, the contract will definitely mention the '잔존 가치' of the vehicle. Similarly, in the insurance industry, '잔존물' (remnants/salvage) refers to what is left after an insured event like a fire or accident.

다큐멘터리 내레이션: "천 년의 세월이 흘렀지만, 석탑의 기단에는 당시의 화려했던 문양이 선명하게 잔존하고 있습니다." (Documentary Narration: "A thousand years have passed, but the ornate patterns of that time still clearly remain on the base of the stone pagoda.")

In medical settings, doctors might use it to describe a 'residual tumor' (잔존 종양) or 'residual symptoms' (잔존 증상). If a patient has recovered from a cold but still has a slight cough, the doctor might say, '기침이 약간 잔존할 수 있습니다' (A cough may persist slightly). This sounds more clinical and reassuring than the informal '남아 있어요.'

의사: "검사 결과, 염증 수치가 아주 조금 잔존해 있지만 곧 정상으로 돌아올 것입니다." (Doctor: "According to the test results, a very small amount of inflammation remains, but it will return to normal soon.")

Legal and Formal Documents: Contracts, official government reports, and court rulings use '잔존하다' to define exactly what is left of a right, a debt, or a physical property. For example, '잔존 채무' (remaining debt) is the standard legal term for the amount still owed on a loan.

법원 판결문: "피고는 원고에게 잔존 임대차 보증금을 반환할 의무가 있다." (Court Ruling: "The defendant has the obligation to return the remaining lease deposit to the plaintiff.")

While 잔존하다 is a useful word, its high level of formality means it can easily be misused in casual contexts. The most common mistake is using it for trivial, everyday things. Because it translates to 'remain,' English speakers might be tempted to use it whenever they would use 'remain' or 'be left' in English. However, in Korean, using such a 'heavy' word for minor things creates a strange, overly dramatic, or even humorous effect.

Mistake 1: Using it for Leftover Food: If you say '피자가 한 조각 잔존한다' (One piece of pizza remains), it sounds like the pizza is a historical artifact from an ancient civilization. Always use '남다' for food. Incorrect: 밥이 많이 잔존해요. Correct: 밥이 많이 남았어요.
Mistake 2: Confusing it with '존속하다': '존속하다' means to continue to exist as a whole system or institution. '잔존하다' means a part or remnant remains after the rest is gone. If a company is still in business, use '존속하다.' If only the sign of a closed company is left on the building, use '잔존하다.'

비교 예시: "그 회사는 여전히 존속하고 있다" (The company still exists/is in business) vs "공장 터에는 옛 건물의 흔적만 잔존한다" (Only traces of the old building remain at the factory site.)

Another mistake involves the 'direction' of the remaining. 잔존하다 is usually about things from the past staying into the present. It is less common to use it for things that will 'remain' in the future unless you are talking about 'residual' effects. For example, '내일까지 숙제가 잔존한다' is incorrect; you should say '숙제가 남았다' (Homework is left/remains).

잘못된 사용: "지갑에 돈이 5천 원 잔존해요." (Incorrect: "5,000 won remains in my wallet.") -> 자연스러운 표현: "지갑에 돈이 5천 원 남았어요."

Learners also sometimes confuse 잔존하다 with 생존하다 (to survive/stay alive). While both involve 'continuing to exist,' 생존하다 is for living beings (people, animals, plants) surviving a dangerous situation. 잔존하다 is for things (physical objects, ideas, traces) that stay behind. You wouldn't say a person '잔존했다' after a shipwreck; you would say they '생존했다.'

Mistake 3: Overlooking the 'Remnant' Nuance: If the *entirety* of something is still there, 잔존하다 might not be the best word. It specifically implies that most of it is gone, and only a 'remnant' (잔) is left. If a whole building is perfectly preserved, use '보존되다' (to be preserved). If only the pillars are left, use '잔존하다.'

정확한 사용: "고대 도시의 대부분은 사라졌지만, 신전의 기둥 몇 개만이 여전히 잔존하고 있다." (Correct: "Most of the ancient city has disappeared, but only a few pillars of the temple still remain.")

Korean has a variety of verbs that mean 'to remain' or 'to exist,' each with a specific nuance. Choosing the right one depends on the formality of the situation and whether you are focusing on the 'leftover' part, the 'survival' part, or the 'continuation' part. Below are the most common alternatives to 잔존하다.

남다 (Namda): The most general and common word. Use this for everything from leftover food to time remaining. It is neutral and can be used in both casual and formal speech. 잔존하다 is essentially the academic/formal version of 남다 when referring to remnants.
존속하다 (Jonsok-hada): To continue to exist. This word is often used for institutions, organizations, laws, or traditions that maintain their existence over time. Unlike 잔존하다, it doesn't necessarily imply that only a small part is left; it focuses on the continuity itself.
상존하다 (Sangjon-hada): To always exist or to coexist. This is used for things that are constantly present, especially risks or problems. For example, '위험이 상존하다' (the danger is always present). It doesn't imply a 'remnant' from the past, but rather a constant state.

비교: "그 전통은 수백 년간 존속해 왔다" (The tradition has continued to exist for hundreds of years) vs "그 전통의 일부가 시골 마을에 잔존한다" (A part of that tradition remains/persists in a rural village.)

Another related word is 남아 있다 (nama itda), which is the state form of 남다. This is the most direct equivalent to 'remains' in English. In many cases, 잔존하다 and 남아 있다 are interchangeable, but 잔존하다 is preferred in writing that requires a high-level vocabulary.

"이곳에는 전쟁의 상흔이 여전히 잔존하고 있습니다." (The scars of war still remain here.) - This sounds much more evocative and formal than using '남아 있습니다.'

유지되다 (Yujidoeda): To be maintained. This focuses on the effort to keep something existing. While 잔존하다 suggests something stayed behind naturally or by chance, 유지되다 suggests an active process of keeping it that way.

"질서가 유지되다" (Order is maintained) vs "옛 질서의 흔적이 잔존하다" (Traces of the old order remain.)

For scientific contexts, especially regarding residues, 남아 있다 is common, but 잔존하다 is the standard technical term. For example, in a lab report, you would see '잔존물' (residue) or '잔존량' (residual amount), rarely '남은 것' or '남은 양.'

How Formal Is It?

豆知識

The character 殘 (jan) also appears in the word '잔인하다' (to be cruel), as the original meaning involved 'damaging' or 'harming,' leaving only a part behind. In '잔존하다,' it focuses strictly on the 'remaining' part.

発音ガイド

UK /tɕan.dʑon.ɦa.da/

US /tɕan.dʑon.ɦa.da/

The primary stress is on the first syllable '잔' (Jan), with a secondary stress on the third syllable '하' (ha).

韻が合う語

공존하다 (gongjon-hada - to coexist) 보존하다 (bojon-hada - to preserve) 생존하다 (saengjon-hada - to survive) 의존하다 (uijon-hada - to depend) 현존하다 (hyeonjon-hada - to currently exist) 부존하다 (bujon-hada - to be naturally present) 실존하다 (siljon-hada - to actually exist) 영존하다 (yeongjon-hada - to exist eternally)

よくある間違い

Pronouncing '잔' as 'chan' with too much aspiration.
Pronouncing '존' like the English word 'zone' (it should be a short 'o', not a diphthong).
Over-emphasizing the 'h' in 'hada' so it sounds like 'ha-da' separately.
Confusing the vowel 'ㅗ' (o) in '존' with 'ㅜ' (u).
Failing to link the 'n' sound in '잔' to the 'j' sound in '존' smoothly.

難易度

読解 4/5

Common in news and books, but requires knowledge of Hanja-based vocabulary.

ライティング 5/5

Hard to use naturally without sounding overly formal or using it in the wrong context.

スピーキング 5/5

Rarely used in daily speech; usually replaced by '남다' or '남아 있다'.

リスニング 4/5

Important for understanding news broadcasts and documentaries.

次に学ぶべきこと

前提知識

남다 (to remain) 존재하다 (to exist) 흔적 (trace) 과거 (past) 일부 (part)

次に学ぶ

상존하다 (to always exist) 존속하다 (to continue to exist) 청산하다 (to liquidate/clear away) 유물 (relic) 잔재 (vestige)

上級

경로 의존성 (path dependency) 잔존 가치 (residual value) 사멸하다 (to die out/perish) 보전하다 (to preserve/conserve)

知っておくべき文法

-고 있다 (Progressive/Continuous State)

흔적이 여전히 잔존하고 있다.

-아/어 있다 (Resulting State)

유물이 땅속에 잔존해 있다.

-는 (Noun Modifying Form)

잔존하는 세력을 소탕하다.

-ㄹ 수 있다 (Possibility)

농약이 잔존할 수 있으니 주의하세요.

-음 (Nominalization)

성벽의 일부가 잔존함.

無料登録して完全な解説を読む

レベル別の例文

옛날 집의 흔적이 조금 잔존해요.

A small trace of the old house remains.

A1 uses the polite '-해요' ending.

그 마을에는 옛날 노래가 잔존해요.

Old songs remain in that village.

Subject is '옛날 노래' (old songs).

박물관에 오래된 물건이 잔존해요.

Old objects remain in the museum.

Location is marked with '-에'.

산에 성벽이 조금 잔존해요.

A little bit of the fortress wall remains on the mountain.

Adverb '조금' (a little) modifies the verb.

우리 동네에 옛날 우물이 잔존해요.

An old well remains in our neighborhood.

'우물' (well) is the subject.

역사 책에 그 이야기가 잔존해요.

That story remains in history books.

'이야기' (story) is the subject.

바다 밑에 배가 잔존해요.

A ship remains at the bottom of the sea.

'배' (ship) is the subject.

땅속에 옛날 동전이 잔존해요.

Old coins remain in the ground.

'동전' (coins) is the subject.

이 섬에는 독특한 풍습이 여전히 잔존하고 있습니다.

Unique customs still remain on this island.

'-고 있습니다' indicates a continuing state.

전쟁의 흔적이 도시 곳곳에 잔존합니다.

Traces of the war remain throughout the city.

'곳곳에' means 'in various places' or 'everywhere'.

오래된 건물의 일부가 공원에 잔존해 있어요.

Part of an old building remains in the park.

'-아/어 있다' shows a resulting state.

그의 말투에는 고향 사투리가 잔존해요.

The dialect of his hometown remains in his way of speaking.

'말투' means 'way of speaking' or 'tone'.

사과에 농약이 잔존할 수 있으니 잘 씻으세요.

Pesticides may remain on the apple, so wash it well.

'-ㄹ 수 있다' expresses possibility.

옛 성터의 기초가 아직 잔존하고 있습니다.

The foundation of the old castle site still remains.

'성터' means 'castle site'.

이 책에는 작가의 생각이 잘 잔존해 있습니다.

The author's thoughts remain well in this book.

'생각' (thought) is used as an abstract subject.

마을 사람들의 기억 속에 그 사건이 잔존해요.

That event remains in the memories of the villagers.

'기억 속' means 'inside memory'.

식민지 시대의 잔재가 아직도 사회 곳곳에 잔존하고 있다.

Vestiges of the colonial era still persist throughout society.

'잔재' (vestige) is a frequent partner for '잔존하다'.

수술 후에도 환자의 몸에 통증이 약간 잔존할 수 있습니다.

Some pain may persist in the patient's body even after surgery.

Used here in a clinical/medical context.

이 지역은 고대 문명의 유물이 많이 잔존하는 곳으로 유명하다.

This area is famous as a place where many relics of ancient civilization remain.

'-는 곳' turns the verb into a modifier for 'place'.

컴퓨터 파일을 삭제해도 하드 디스크에는 데이터가 잔존한다.

Even if you delete computer files, data remains on the hard disk.

'삭제해도' means 'even if you delete'.

전통 시장에는 옛날의 정겨운 분위기가 여전히 잔존하고 있다.

The warm atmosphere of the old days still remains in the traditional market.

'분위기' (atmosphere) is the abstract subject.

적군의 잔존 세력이 산속으로 도망쳤다는 보고가 들어왔다.

A report came in that the remaining forces of the enemy fled into the mountains.

'잔존 세력' is a common military/political collocation.

이 약 성분은 체내에 오랫동안 잔존하므로 주의가 필요합니다.

This medicine's ingredients remain in the body for a long time, so caution is needed.

'-므로' is a formal way to say 'because' or 'since'.

가뭄이 끝났지만 토양에는 여전히 염분이 잔존하고 있다.

The drought is over, but salt still remains in the soil.

'염분' (salt/salinity) is the subject.

근대화 과정에서도 유교적 가치관은 우리 의식 속에 깊이 잔존해 왔다.

Even during the modernization process, Confucian values have remained deeply within our consciousness.

'-아/어 왔다' indicates an action/state that has continued from the past until now.

중고차의 잔존 가치를 결정하는 가장 중요한 요소는 주행 거리이다.

The most important factor in determining the residual value of a used car is the mileage.

'잔존 가치' is a technical term in economics/finance.

화재 현장에는 타다 남은 건물의 골조만이 흉물스럽게 잔존하고 있었다.

At the fire scene, only the charred skeleton of the building remained hideously.

'골조' means 'framework' or 'skeleton' of a building.

정부는 농산물의 잔존 농약 검사를 더욱 강화하기로 했다.

The government decided to further strengthen the inspection of residual pesticides in agricultural products.

'잔존 농약' is a standard term for pesticide residue.

그의 시에는 청년 시절의 고뇌와 방황이 고스란히 잔존해 있다.

The agony and wandering of his youth remain intact in his poems.

'고스란히' means 'intact' or 'just as it was'.

과거의 잘못된 관행이 여전히 공직 사회에 잔존하고 있다는 지적이 있다.

There are points being made that wrong practices from the past still persist in the public service society.

'관행' (practice/custom) is often used with '잔존하다' in a critical sense.

일부 희귀 식물들이 이 늪지대에 잔존하고 있는 것으로 확인되었습니다.

It has been confirmed that some rare plants are persisting in this swampland.

'-는 것으로 확인되다' is a formal reporting structure.

대규모 구조조정 이후에도 조직 내에 불안감이 잔존하고 있다.

Even after the large-scale restructuring, a sense of anxiety remains within the organization.

'불안감' (sense of anxiety) is the subject.

역사학자들은 이 비석이 고구려의 영토 확장 과정을 보여주는 중요한 잔존 유물이라고 평가한다.

Historians evaluate this stone monument as an important remaining relic that shows the process of Goguryeo's territorial expansion.

'잔존 유물' refers to an artifact that has survived.

경제 위기 이후에도 시장에는 여전히 불확실성이 잔존하고 있어 투자자들이 신중한 태도를 보이고 있다.

Since uncertainty still persists in the market even after the economic crisis, investors are showing a cautious attitude.

'불확실성' (uncertainty) is a common subject in economic contexts.

이 논문은 현대 한국어에 잔존하는 고어의 흔적을 체계적으로 분석하고 있다.

This thesis systematically analyzes the traces of archaic language remaining in modern Korean.

'고어' (archaic language) refers to ancient forms of a language.

폐쇄된 탄광 마을에는 과거의 번영을 짐작게 하는 낡은 간판들이 잔존해 있다.

In the closed mining village, old signs that let one guess at the past prosperity remain.

'-게 하다' is a causative form; '짐작게 하다' means 'to allow one to guess'.

수술 부위에 암세포가 잔존할 가능성을 배제할 수 없어 추가 방사선 치료를 결정했다.

The possibility of cancer cells remaining at the surgical site could not be excluded, so additional radiation therapy was decided upon.

'배제할 수 없다' means 'cannot be excluded/ruled out'.

민주화 이후에도 권위주의적인 정치 문화가 일부 잔존하여 사회 통합을 저해하고 있다.

Even after democratization, some authoritarian political culture persists, hindering social integration.

'저해하다' means 'to hinder' or 'to impede'.

환경 단체는 강 하류에 잔존하는 유해 물질의 농도가 기준치를 초과했다고 발표했다.

Environmental groups announced that the concentration of harmful substances remaining downstream in the river exceeded the standard levels.

'기준치' refers to the standard or reference value.

그의 기억 속에는 어린 시절의 트라우마가 파편처럼 잔존하며 괴롭히고 있었다.

Trauma from his childhood remained like fragments in his memory, tormenting him.

'파편' means 'fragment' or 'shard'.

발터 벤야민은 역사의 연속성 속에서도 과거의 파편들이 현재에 잔존하며 새로운 의미를 생성한다고 보았다.

Walter Benjamin saw that even within the continuity of history, fragments of the past persist in the present and generate new meanings.

A highly academic sentence involving philosophical concepts.

기업의 청산 과정에서 잔존 자산의 분배를 둘러싸고 채권자들 사이의 갈등이 심화되었다.

During the liquidation process of the company, conflicts among creditors intensified over the distribution of residual assets.

'잔존 자산' (residual assets) is a technical legal/financial term.

이 고고학적 발굴은 신석기 시대의 주거 형태가 청동기 시대 초기까지 일부 잔존했음을 시사한다.

This archaeological excavation suggests that Neolithic housing forms partially persisted until the early Bronze Age.

'시사하다' means 'to suggest' or 'to imply'.

언어학적으로 볼 때, 특정 어휘의 잔존은 그 언어를 사용하는 집단의 문화적 보수성을 반영하기도 한다.

Linguistically speaking, the persistence of certain vocabulary items can reflect the cultural conservatism of the group using that language.

'보수성' (conservatism) refers to the tendency to preserve things.

방사성 폐기물의 잔존 방사능이 완전히 사라지기까지는 수만 년의 시간이 소요된다.

It takes tens of thousands of years for the residual radioactivity of radioactive waste to completely disappear.

'잔존 방사능' (residual radioactivity) is a scientific term.

포스트모던 건축에서는 과거 양식의 요소들을 해체하고 재구성하여 잔존시키는 기법을 자주 사용한다.

Postmodern architecture frequently uses techniques that deconstruct, reconfigure, and allow elements of past styles to persist.

'잔존시키다' is the causative form, 'to make something remain'.

신자유주의 체제 하에서도 복지 국가의 일부 기제들은 경로 의존성에 의해 잔존하고 있다.

Even under the neoliberal regime, some mechanisms of the welfare state persist due to path dependency.

'경로 의존성' (path dependency) is a term from political science/economics.

심리학적으로 잔존 감각은 자극이 사라진 후에도 감각 기관에 그 흔적이 잠시 머무는 현상을 말한다.

Psychologically, residual sensation refers to the phenomenon where a trace of a stimulus stays briefly in the sensory organs even after the stimulus has disappeared.

'잔존 감각' (residual sensation/afterimage) is a psychological term.

類義語

남다 지속되다 존속하다 유지되다

反対語

사라지다 소멸하다

よく使う組み合わせ

흔적이 잔존하다

잔존 가치

잔존 농약

잔존 세력

잔존 수명

잔존 유물

잔존 채무

풍습이 잔존하다

기억이 잔존하다

일부 잔존하다

よく使うフレーズ

여전히 잔존하다

— To still remain/persist. Used to emphasize that something hasn't gone away.

낡은 사고방식이 여전히 잔존하고 있습니다.

일부만 잔존하다

— Only a part remains. Used when most of something is gone.

성벽은 이제 일부만 잔존합니다.

깊이 잔존하다

— To remain deeply. Often used for ideas, trauma, or cultural roots.

유교 문화는 한국 사회에 깊이 잔존해 있다.

끈질기게 잔존하다

— To persist tenaciously. Used for things that are hard to get rid of.

바이러스가 체내에 끈질기게 잔존할 수 있다.

잔존 지뢰

— Remaining landmines. A common term in military/humanitarian contexts.

비무장지대에는 잔존 지뢰가 많다.

잔존 이익

— Residual income/profit. A term used in investment and accounting.

잔존 이익 모델을 통해 기업 가치를 평가하다.

잔존 용량

— Remaining capacity. Often used for batteries or containers.

배터리의 잔존 용량을 확인하세요.

잔존 암세포

— Residual cancer cells. A critical term in oncology.

수술 후 잔존 암세포를 제거하기 위해 항암 치료를 한다.

잔존 물량

— Remaining quantity/stock. Used in logistics and sales.

창고에 잔존 물량이 얼마나 됩니까?

잔존 의식

— Residual consciousness or lingering mindset.

과거의 권위주의적 잔존 의식을 버려야 한다.

よく混同される語

잔존하다 vs 존속하다

Focuses on the continuation of a whole system or institution, while '잔존하다' focuses on the survival of a small remnant.

잔존하다 vs 상존하다

Refers to something that is always present (coexists), often a risk, whereas '잔존하다' implies something left over from the past.

잔존하다 vs 생존하다

Used for living beings surviving a danger; '잔존하다' is for objects or abstract things remaining behind.

慣用句と表現

"뿌리 깊게 잔존하다"

— To remain deeply rooted. Used for long-standing habits or social issues.

차별 대우가 사회에 뿌리 깊게 잔존하고 있다.

Formal

"잔존하는 불씨"

— A remaining ember. Metaphorically refers to a potential for future conflict or trouble.

두 나라 사이에는 갈등의 잔존하는 불씨가 남아 있다.

Literary

"역사의 뒤안길에 잔존하다"

— To remain in the back alleys of history. Refers to things nearly forgotten but still existing.

그 기술은 이제 역사의 뒤안길에 잔존할 뿐이다.

Poetic

"잔존하는 향기"

— A lingering scent. Often used to describe the lasting influence of a person.

그가 떠난 후에도 그의 예술적 향기는 잔존하고 있다.

Poetic

"뼈대만 잔존하다"

— To remain only as a skeleton. Used for ruined buildings or hollowed-out systems.

전쟁 후 도시는 건물의 뼈대만 잔존하는 폐허가 되었다.

Descriptive

"잔존하는 그림자"

— A lingering shadow. Refers to a negative influence that persists.

독재 정권의 잔존하는 그림자가 여전히 어둡다.

Critical

"실낱같이 잔존하다"

— To remain like a thin thread. Used for something very faint or nearly gone.

희망이 실낱같이 잔존하고 있었다.

Literary

"잔존하는 흔적을 쫓다"

— To chase the remaining traces. To investigate the past.

탐정은 범인의 잔존하는 흔적을 쫓기 시작했다.

Narrative

"기억의 파편으로 잔존하다"

— To remain as fragments of memory.

그날의 일은 이제 기억의 파편으로만 잔존한다.

Literary

"잔존 가치를 보존하다"

— To preserve residual value. To maintain the worth of something as it ages.

관리를 잘 해야 나중에 잔존 가치를 보존할 수 있다.

Business

間違えやすい

잔존하다 vs 잔재

Both start with '잔' and deal with remnants.

'잔재' is a noun specifically referring to 'vestiges' or 'dregs,' often with a negative connotation (e.g., remnants of colonial rule). '잔존하다' is the verb meaning 'to remain.'

일제의 잔재가 여전히 잔존하고 있다.

잔존하다 vs 남다

Both mean 'to remain.'

'남다' is general and casual. '잔존하다' is formal and implies a 'remnant' from the past or a 'residue.' You can't use '잔존하다' for leftover food.

피자가 남았다 (O), 피자가 잔존한다 (X).

잔존하다 vs 유존하다

Very similar meaning (to remain/be left).

'유존하다' is extremely rare and mostly found in classical literature or very specific academic texts. '잔존하다' is much more common in modern Korean.

고대 유물이 유존하다.

잔존하다 vs 체류하다

Both involve 'staying.'

'체류하다' is for people staying in a place (like a hotel or a country). '잔존하다' is for things or traces remaining over time.

한국에 체류하다.

잔존하다 vs 보존하다

Both involve things existing from the past.

'보존하다' is an active verb meaning 'to preserve' or 'to protect' something. '잔존하다' is an intransitive verb meaning something 'remains' naturally.

유물을 보존하다 vs 유물이 잔존하다.

文型パターン

[Subject]-이/가 잔존해요.

옛날 노래가 잔존해요.

[Subject]-이/가 여전히 잔존하고 있다.

풍습이 여전히 잔존하고 있다.

[Subject]-이/가 [Location]-에 잔존해 있다.

유물이 박물관에 잔존해 있다.

[Subject]-이/가 잔존할 가능성이 있다.

통증이 잔존할 가능성이 있다.

잔존하는 [Noun]

잔존하는 세력을 찾아야 한다.

[Subject]-의 잔존은 [Effect]-을 의미한다.

관행의 잔존은 부패를 의미한다.

[Subject]-이/가 [Reason]-에 의해 잔존하다.

기록이 역사서에 의해 잔존하다.

[Subject]-을/를 잔존시키다.

과거의 미학을 잔존시키다.

語族

名詞

잔존 (Jan-jon) Survival, remnant, residue.

잔존물 (Jan-jon-mul) Remnants, salvage, residual material.

잔존자 (Jan-jon-ja) Survivor (rare, usually '생존자' is used).

動詞

잔존시키다 (Jan-jon-sikida) To cause something to remain or persist (causative).

形容詞

잔존하는 (Jan-jon-haneun) Remaining, persisting (present participle form).

使い方

frequency

Common in news, academic writing, and technical fields. Rare in casual conversation.

よくある間違い

Using '잔존하다' for leftover food. → 남다 / 남아 있다
'잔존하다' is too formal for food. It makes the food sound like an ancient relic. Use '남다' for daily items.
Using '잔존하다' for people surviving a disaster. → 생존하다
'잔존하다' is for objects or traces. For living humans, '생존하다' (to survive) is the correct and respectful term.
Confusing '잔존하다' with '존속하다'. → Check if it's a 'remnant' or the 'whole entity'.
If a whole company still exists, use '존속하다.' If only the ruins of its building remain, use '잔존하다.'
Using it as a transitive verb with an object. → [Subject]-이/가 잔존하다
'잔존하다' is an intransitive verb. You cannot '잔존' something; something just '잔존's.
Using it for future 'remaining' time. → 남다
'잔존하다' implies coming from the past. For '5 minutes left' in a game, always use '남다.'

ヒント

Upgrade your '남다'

Whenever you are writing about history or social issues in Korean, try replacing '남아 있다' with '잔존하다' to instantly sound more academic.

Use with -고 있다

Because '잔존하다' describes a state that continues, it is almost always more natural to say '잔존하고 있다' than just '잔존한다' in descriptive writing.

Museum Reading

When you go to a Korean museum, look for the word '잔존' on the descriptions. It will help you see the word in its most natural environment.

Residue is 잔존

If you work in a lab or study science in Korean, remember that 'residue' is usually translated as '잔존물' or '잔존 성분'.

Car Leases

If you are leasing a car in Korea, the 'residual value' (잔존 가치) is what the car is worth at the end of the lease. Knowing this word helps you understand the contract.

Old Habits

Use '잔존하다' when discussing how old generations' mindsets still exist in modern youth cultures.

TOPIK Writing Tip

In the TOPIK writing task 53 (graph description), if a certain value 'remains' at a high level, '잔존하다' might be too specific; '유지하다' is usually better there. Use '잔존' for physical remnants.

Formal Presentations

In a university presentation, use '잔존하다' to describe the lasting effects of a historical event.

News Keywords

When you hear '잔존 농약' on the news, it's a health warning. Pay attention to the '허용 기준' (allowable standard) mentioned afterward.

Colonial History

Understanding '잔존하다' is key to understanding the 'Settlement of the Past' (과거사 청산) debates in Korean politics.

暗記しよう

記憶術

Think of 'Jan' as 'Just a bit' and 'Jon' as 'Joined to the present.' 잔존하다 = Just a bit joined to the present from the past.

視覚的連想

Imagine a ruined castle where only one stone pillar is still standing. That pillar is '잔존'-ing.

Word Web

History Remnants Residue Persistence Vestiges Survival Academic Formal

チャレンジ

Try to write a sentence about a habit you have from childhood that still '잔존's in your life today. Use the formal form.

語源

Derived from the Hanja characters 殘 (잔 - jan) and 存 (존 - jon).

元の意味：殘 (jan) means 'to remain,' 'to be broken,' or 'remnant.' 存 (jon) means 'to exist' or 'to survive.' Combined, it means 'to exist as a remnant.'

Sino-Korean (Hanja-eo).

文化的な背景

When using '잔존하다' to describe people (like survivors), be careful; '생존자' is much more respectful and common. Using '잔존' for people can sound dehumanizing, like calling them 'remnants.'

English speakers might use 'persist' or 'remain,' but 'vestige' is often the closest conceptual match for '잔존' in historical contexts.

Used in the 'Cultural Heritage Protection Act' of Korea. Commonly found in news reports by KBS and MBC regarding food safety (residual pesticides). Appears in historical novels by writers like Jo Jung-rae.

実生活で練習する

実際の使用場面

Archaeology and History

유물이 잔존하다
유적지가 잔존하다
성벽이 잔존하다
흔적이 잔존하다

Science and Environment

잔존 농약 검사
방사능이 잔존하다
유해 물질 잔존
잔존 성분

Finance and Business

잔존 가치 평가
잔존 수명 확인
잔존 채무 상환
잔존 자산 분배

Sociology and Culture

옛 풍습의 잔존
잔존 의식 개혁
가부장적 잔존
문화적 잔존물

Medicine

잔존 암세포
잔존 증상
약물이 체내에 잔존하다
통증이 잔존하다

会話のきっかけ

"한국 사회에 여전히 잔존하는 유교적 전통은 무엇이라고 생각하세요? (What Confucian traditions do you think still persist in Korean society?)"

"이 오래된 건물에서 과거의 흔적이 잔존하는 부분을 찾으셨나요? (Did you find the parts where traces of the past remain in this old building?)"

"수술 후에 통증이 얼마나 잔존할지 걱정되시나요? (Are you worried about how much pain will persist after the surgery?)"

"이 중고차의 잔존 가치가 얼마나 될까요? (How much do you think the residual value of this used car will be?)"

"과거의 나쁜 습관 중에서 아직 본인에게 잔존하는 것이 있나요? (Among your bad habits from the past, are there any that still persist in you?)"

日記のテーマ

우리 사회에서 사라져야 하지만 여전히 잔존하고 있는 나쁜 관습에 대해 써 보세요. (Write about bad customs that should disappear but still persist in our society.)

당신의 고향에 잔존하고 있는 가장 오래된 역사적 장소는 어디인가요? (Where is the oldest historical place that remains in your hometown?)

어린 시절의 기억 중에서 지금까지도 당신의 마음속에 강렬하게 잔존하는 것은 무엇인가요? (Among your childhood memories, which one still remains strongly in your heart today?)

환경 오염 물질이 우리 주변에 어떻게 잔존하며 영향을 미치는지 조사해 보세요. (Investigate how environmental pollutants remain around us and affect us.)

현대 문명 속에서도 잔존하고 있는 자연의 모습에 대해 묘사해 보세요. (Describe the appearance of nature that still remains within modern civilization.)

よくある質問

10 問

No, you should not. '잔존하다' is a very formal and academic word. Using it for food would sound like you are treating your lunch as a historical relic. Use '남다' (nam-da) for food or general leftovers.

'존속하다' means to continue to exist as a whole, like a company or a law. '잔존하다' means only a part or remnant remains after the rest is gone. For example, a company '존속's, but the ruins of its factory '잔존's.

Yes, it is very common in TOPIK II (Intermediate/Advanced). You will see it in reading passages about history, science, and social issues, and it is a great word to use in the writing section to sound more professional.

The term is '잔존 가치' (jan-jon ga-chi). It is used in finance and when talking about the value of used items like cars.

Not necessarily, but it is often used for things that *should* have disappeared, like 'residual pesticides' or 'vestiges of colonialism.' However, it can also be neutral, like 'remaining ruins' of a beautiful palace.

It is rare and can sound cold or dehumanizing. For people surviving a disaster, use '생존하다' (saeng-jon-hada). '잔존' for people usually refers to 'residual forces' (잔존 세력) in a military context.

It is 殘存. 殘 means remnant/remaining, and 存 means existing/surviving.

Yes, the noun form is simply '잔존' (jan-jon). You can use it in compounds like '잔존물' (remnants).

Only if you are joking or being intentionally overly formal. In daily life, it sounds very stiff. Stick to '남아 있어' or '남았어'.

The most common subjects are traces (흔적), relics (유물), customs (풍습), chemical residues (농약/성분), and social issues (잔재/의식).

無料登録してヒントとメモを見る