A2 · 初中級 チャプター 29

Pointing Things Out: Demonstratives and Quantifiers

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Chapter in 30 Seconds

Master the art of identifying and counting objects in Burmese with ease and precision.

  • Identify objects near and far using demonstratives.
  • Quantify items using expressions for 'some', 'many', and 'few'.
  • Apply specific particles to emphasize completeness and universality.
Point, count, and conquer Burmese conversations!

学べること

Learn to use 'this', 'that', 'these', and 'those', as well as words like 'some' and 'many'. This chapter helps you specify and quantify nouns.

Learning Objectives

By the end of this chapter, you will be able to:

  1. 1
    By the end you will be able to: Accurately point to items in a store and request specific amounts.

ヒントとコツ (4)

🎯

The 'Ae-di' Shortcut

If you aren't sure if something is far enough for 'Ho', just use 'Ae-di'. It's the safest 'that' for conversation.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Demonstratives: 'This', 'That', 'These', 'Those' (ဒီ / ဟို / အဲဒီ)
💡

The 'Be' Rule

Whenever you want to say 'any', start your phrase with 'Be' (ဘယ်). It's the universal starter for indefinite words.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Quantifiers: 'Some', 'Any' (အချို့ / ဘယ်လိုမှ)
💡

The 'Only' Particle

Pair 'နည်းနည်း' (little) with 'ပဲ' (only) to emphasize that the amount is small. It makes you sound more like a native speaker.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Quantifiers: 'Many', 'Few' (အများကြီး / အနည်းငယ်)
💡

Placement

Always put 'လုံးဝ' before the word you want to emphasize.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: The Particle (လုံးဝ) for 'Completely'

重要な語彙 (6)

ဒီ (di) this ဟို (ho) that အချို့ (a-chyo) some အများကြီး (a-myar-gyi) many အနည်းငယ် (a-ne-nge) few တိုင်း (tine) every

Real-World Preview

shopping-cart

Market Shopping

Review Summary

  • Demonstrative + Noun
  • Noun + တိုင်း

よくある間違い

In Burmese, demonstratives come before the noun, not after.

Wrong: သရက်သီး ဒီ (Mango this)
正解: ဒီသရက်သီး (This mango)

Quantifiers like 'many' usually follow the noun they quantify.

Wrong: အများကြီး ပန်းသီး (Many apples)
正解: ပန်းသီး အများကြီး (Apples many)

The particle 'tine' must be attached as a suffix to the noun.

Wrong: တိုင်း နေ့ (Every day)
正解: နေ့တိုင်း (Day every)

Next Steps

You are making amazing progress! Keep pointing out the world around you in Burmese.

Label items in your house using sticky notes with 'di' and 'ho'.

Continue to: Together and About: Expressing 'With' and 'About'

クイック練習 (10)

Fix the sentence.

Find and fix the mistake:

မစားဘူးလုံးဝ

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: လုံးဝမစားဘူး
Correct word order.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: The Particle (လုံးဝ) for 'Completely'

Complete the negative sentence: 'No one came.'

ဘယ်သူမှ ___။

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: မလာဘူး
'Be... hma' must be paired with a negative verb ending in 'ma... bu'.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Quantifiers: 'Some', 'Any' (အချို့ / ဘယ်လိုမှ)

Fill in the blank to refer to a topic your friend just mentioned.

___ အကြောင်း ကျွန်တော် မသိဘူး။

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: အဲဒီ
'Ae-di' is used for things recently mentioned in conversation.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Demonstratives: 'This', 'That', 'These', 'Those' (ဒီ / ဟို / အဲဒီ)

Fill in the blank.

သူက ___ မသိဘူး။

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: လုံးဝ
Used for 'not at all'.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: The Particle (လုံးဝ) for 'Completely'

Correct the word order: 'Sarpoke ho' (That book).

Find and fix the mistake:

စာအုပ် ဟို

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: ဟို စာအုပ်
The demonstrative must come before the noun.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Demonstratives: 'This', 'That', 'These', 'Those' (ဒီ / ဟို / အဲဒီ)

Choose the correct word for: 'I want some water.'

ကျွန်တော် ရေ ___ သောက်ချင်တယ်။

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: အချို့
'Achyo' is used for 'some' in positive sentences.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Quantifiers: 'Some', 'Any' (အချို့ / ဘယ်လိုမှ)

Fill in the correct demonstrative.

___ စာအုပ်က ကျွန်တော့်ဟာ (This book is mine).

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: ဒီ
The speaker is talking about 'this' book.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Using Demonstratives with Nouns (ဒီစာအုပ်)

Find the mistake: 'Kyun-taw achyo ma-shi-bu.'

Find and fix the mistake:

ကျွန်တော် အချို့ မရှိဘူး။

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Both are possible
You can't use 'achyo' with a negative. Either say 'I have some' or 'I don't have anything'.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Quantifiers: 'Some', 'Any' (အချို့ / ဘယ်လိုမှ)

Choose the correct sentence.

Which is correct?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: နေ့တိုင်း သွားတယ်
No space allowed.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Using (တိုင်း) for 'Every'

Fill in the blank.

နေ့___ ကျောင်းသွားတယ်။

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: တိုင်း
Correct distributive particle.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Using (တိုင်း) for 'Every'

Score: /10

よくある質問 (6)

Yes, but you usually add the location particle 'ma' to get 'Di-ma' (ဒီမှာ).
'Ho' is for physical distance from both people. 'Ae-di' is for things near the listener or things in the mind/conversation.
Yes, lu achyo means 'some people'. In spoken Burmese, you might also hear lu ta-cho.
be-thu-hma is used with negative verbs to mean 'no one'. be-thu-ma-so is used with positive verbs to mean 'anyone/whoever'.
Yes! Unlike English, which distinguishes between 'many' (countable) and 'much' (uncountable), Burmese uses အများကြီး for both.
နည်းနည်း is used in daily conversation, while အနည်းငယ် is used in books, news, and formal speeches.
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Combining Actions: Basic Compound Verbs
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Together and About: Expressing 'With' and 'About'
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