Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds
Use First Conditional questions to ask about the likely results of a possible future action or event.
- Use 'Present Simple' in the 'if' clause, never 'will'. Example: 'If it rains...'
- Use 'will' + base verb in the question clause. Example: '...will you stay?'
- If the 'if' clause comes first, use a comma. Example: 'If you go, will you call?'
Overview
First Conditional: Question Form を使うんだ。未来の計画を立てたり、ルームメイトと交渉したり、あるいは単に「どうなるかな？」っていう好奇心を満たしたいとき、この文法事項は君の親友になってくれるはずだよ。これは、単純な現在の現実と、未来に起こりうる結果との間の架け橋なんだ。普遍的な真理（「雨が降ったら濡れる？」みたいな）を扱う Zero Conditional とは違って、First Conditional は、まだ起きていない具体的で現実的な出来事についての話なんだ。実用的で、現代的で、私たちが毎日決断を下すときにはこうやって考えているんだよ。これをマスターしなかったら、本当の意味で誰かにお願い事なんてできるかな？たぶん、ちょっとロボットみたいに聞こえちゃうかもね。プロみたいに聞こえるように、しっかり確認していこう。How This Grammar Works
First Conditional は「条件」と「結果」についての話だということ。これを疑問文にするとき、私たちはたいてい、特定の 条件 に基づく 結果 について尋ねているんだ。論理的な連鎖だと考えてみて。「トリガー」（if の部分）をセットして、「爆発」（will の部分）について聞いているようなものだね。大事なのは、私たちが話しているのは *現実的な* 可能性についてだということ。宝くじに当たることなんかを夢見ているわけじゃないよ（それは Second Conditional の仕事だからね）。その代わりに、「遅れるなら電話してくれる？」とか「WiFiが落ちたらどうする？」といったことについて聞いているんだ。ロジックは未来志向なんだけど、文法的には未来と現在に分かれているんだ。ちょっとしたタイムトラベルのトリックみたいなものだよ。条件の部分は Present Simple で書かれるけど、質問の部分は Future Simple (will) を使うんだ。片足を今日に、もう片足を明日に置いているような感じだね。難しく考えすぎると頭が痛くなるかもしれないけど、実際には TikTok をスクロールするくらいスムーズなことなんだ。
Formation Pattern
Will + subject + verb (base form) で始める。例えば、Will you buy... や Will she go... のように。
if + subject + Present Simple verb と続ける。例えば、...if it is on sale? や ...if she finishes her work? のように。
Will you buy that jacket if it's on sale? 未来の話をしているのに、if の部分では現在形を使っていることに注目してね。
if 節から始めることもできるよ。その場合は、質問パートの前にコンマが必要だ。If it's on sale, will you buy that jacket?
What will you do if you lose your keys? や Where will we stay if the hotel is full? みたいにね。
Won't you be sad if you miss the party? (Won't = Will not).
Conjugation Table
| Form | Example | Translation |
|---|---|---|
| --- | --- | --- |
| Positive Question | Will you help me if I ask? | 頼んだら手伝ってくれる？ |
| Negative Question | Won't you stay if I cook? | 私が料理したら泊まっていかないの？ |
| Wh- Question | What will they say if we're late? | 遅刻したら彼らは何て言うかな？ |
| If-First Question | If it rains, will you go? | 雨が降ったら行く？ |
| Modal Variation | Can you come if I pay? | お金払ったら来れる？ |
When To Use It
- Negotiating:
Will you do the dishes if I cook dinner?
（晩ご飯作ったらお皿洗いしてくれる？） これはルームメイトとの生活で生き残るための典型的な戦術だね。 - Planning and Logistics:
What will we do if the train is cancelled?
（電車が運休になったらどうする？） 公共交通機関を使ったことがある人なら誰にでも不可欠だ。 - Checking Boundaries:
Will you be mad if I borrow your laptop?
（ノートPC借りたら怒る？） 後で揉めるより今聞いたほうがいいよね。 - Social Media & Trends: "Will you still like my post if I don't use a filter?"（加工しなくても私の投稿に「いいね」してくれる？） （とても深く、現代的な哲学的問いだね）。
- Job Interviews & Professional Life:
What will my responsibilities be if I get the job?
（採用されたら私の責任範囲はどうなりますか？） これを聞くことで、君が積極的で、すでに未来のことを考えているとアピールできるよ。 - Travel:
Will I need a visa if I visit Japan?
（日本に行くならビザが必要？） フライトを予約する前に必ず条件を確認して！
Common Mistakes
if 節の中に will を入れちゃうこと。未来のことを考えているから、ついついやりたくなる間違いなんだけど、英語はここでは厳しいんだ。- Incorrect:
If it will rain, will you stay?✗ - Correct:
If it rains, will you stay?✓
Will と If はライバル同士のインフルエンサーみたいなもの。同じ節（clause）には一緒に入りたがらないんだ。if 節で三人称の s を忘れちゃうこと。- Incorrect:
Will he be happy if she call him?✗ - Correct:
Will he be happy if she calls him?✓
Zero Conditional と混同しないこと。一般的な事実について聞くなら、両方のパートで現在形を使う。でも、未来の特定の1回限りの出来事について聞くなら、その will が必要なんだ。"Will the plants die if I don't water them today?（First Conditional - 特定）と、Do plants die if they don't get water?"（Zero Conditional - 一般的な事実）の違いだね。Contrast With Similar Patterns
- Zero Conditional Questions: これは事実や習慣のためのもの。
Do you get a headache if you drink too much coffee?
これは毎回起こることだね。自然の法則（あるいは単にカフェイン中毒）だ。 - First Conditional Questions (Our Topic): これは特定の未来の可能性のためのもの。
Will you get a headache if you drink this espresso right now?
特定の1杯のコーヒーと、特定の未来の瞬間について話しているんだ。 - Second Conditional Questions: これは架空の、あるいはあり得そうもないシナリオのためのもの。
What would you do if you were a billionaire?
（君が実際に億万長者じゃない限り、これはただの夢だよね）。
First Conditional は「現実的」なやつなんだ。講義中に空想にふけっているときじゃなくて、実際に週末の計画を立てているときに使うやつだよ。その状況が起こりそうなら、First Conditional を使おう。奇跡について聞いているなら、Second にしよう。Quick FAQ
Can I use going to instead of will?
うん！そのほうが少しカジュアルに聞こえるね。Are you going to cry if you lose? で全然問題ないよ。
What about can or might?
もちろん。これらは「Modal Conditionals」と呼ばれているんだ。Can we go to the beach if the sun comes out? はとても一般的な聞き方だよ。
Does the meaning change if I move the if clause to the front?
全然変わらないよ。意味は全く同じだ。If I'm late, will you wait for me? は Will you wait for me if I'm late? と同じ。最初のパターンのときはコンマを忘れないでね！
Is it okay to use unless in a question?
いいよ、でも少し上級向けかな。Will you go unless it rains? は「雨が降らなければ行く？」という意味になる。否定の if みたいなものだね。
Why is it called the First conditional?
多分、未来を扱う最初のものだからかな。それか、一番重要だからかも。いずれにせよ、理由があってナンバーワンなんだ！
3. First Conditional Question Structure
| Question Word (Optional) | Will Clause (Main) | Subject | Base Verb | If Clause (Condition) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
-
|
Will
|
you
|
go
|
if it rains?
|
|
What
|
will
|
she
|
do
|
if she loses?
|
|
Where
|
will
|
they
|
stay
|
if the hotel is full?
|
|
-
|
Will
|
he
|
call
|
if he has time?
|
|
How
|
will
|
we
|
pay
|
if we lose our money?
|
3. Common Contractions in Questions
| Full Form | Contraction | Usage Note |
|---|---|---|
|
What will
|
What'll
|
Common in spoken English
|
|
Who will
|
Who'll
|
Common in spoken English
|
|
Where will
|
Where'll
|
Informal speech only
|
|
Will not
|
Won't
|
Used for negative questions
|
Meanings
A structure used to ask about the probable result of a specific condition that might happen in the future.
Seeking Predictions
Asking someone to predict an outcome based on a possible event.
“Will the team be upset if we lose the game?”
“What will happen if the flight is delayed?”
Negotiation and Planning
Using questions to set terms or make arrangements for future scenarios.
“If I finish the report early, will you let me leave at 4 PM?”
“Will you help me move if I buy you pizza?”
Warnings and Consequences
Asking about the negative results of a potential mistake or action.
“What will your boss say if you arrive late again?”
“Will the car break down if I don't change the oil?”
Reference Table
| 構造 | If節（条件） | 主節（結果） | 質問の例 |
|---|---|---|---|
|
基本的なはい／いいえの質問
|
if + Subject + Simple Present
|
will + Subject + Base Verb
|
If it rains, will we stay home?
|
|
疑問詞を使った質問
|
if + Subject + Simple Present
|
Q-word + will + Subject + Base Verb
|
What will you do if it rains?
|
|
If節が先に来る場合
|
If + S + Simple Present,
|
will + S + Base Verb?
|
If she calls, will you answer?
|
|
主節が先に来る場合
|
if + S + Simple Present
|
Will + S + Base Verb +
|
Will you answer if she calls?
|
|
unlessを使った質問
|
unless + Subject + Simple Present
|
will + Subject + Base Verb
|
Unless you study, will you pass?
|
|
他の助動詞を使う場合
|
if + Subject + Simple Present
|
can/may + Subject + Base Verb
|
If he arrives, can we start?
|
|
否定形のはい／いいえの質問
|
if + Subject + Simple Present
|
won't + Subject + Base Verb
|
If it's late, won't you be tired?
|
フォーマル度スペクトル
If I require assistance, will you be available to help? (Work or social help)
If I need help, will you help me? (Work or social help)
Will you give me a hand if I get stuck? (Work or social help)
You gonna back me up if things go south? (Work or social help)
ファーストコンディショナル質問の基本
構造
- If節（条件） Simple Present
- 主節（結果） Will + Base Verb
目的
- 計画 What will we do if...?
- 結果 What will happen if...?
- 決定 Will you go if...?
重要なルール
- 「if」に「will」はNG ❌ If it will rain... ✅ If it rains...
未来の質問におけるIf vs. When
ファーストコンディショナル質問の作り方
特定の情報が必要ですか？
疑問詞（または「Will」）の次に何が来ますか？
結果のための条件がありますか？
「if」節が文の最初にありますか？
疑問符で終わりますか？
ファーストコンディショナル質問を使う場面
日々の計画
- • 週末のアクティビティ
- • 夕食の計画
- • 旅行のロジスティクス
問題解決
- • 技術的な不具合
- • 期限の遅延
- • 予期せぬ出来事
社会的な交流
- • 会う約束
- • タスクの分担
- • お願い事
学業／仕事
- • プロジェクトのステップ
- • 面接の質問
- • 方針変更
レベル別の例文
If it rains, will you stay?
If it rains, will you stay?
Will you help me if I ask?
Will you help me if I ask?
If you are hungry, will you eat?
If you are hungry, will you eat?
What will you do if you go?
What will you do if you go?
If she calls you, will you answer?
If she calls you, will you answer?
Will we be late if we take the bus?
Will we be late if we take the bus?
If you don't study, will you pass?
If you don't study, will you pass?
Where will you stay if the hotel is full?
Where will you stay if the hotel is full?
If the weather improves, will we go for a hike?
If the weather improves, will we go for a hike?
What will the boss say if we miss the deadline?
What will the boss say if we miss the deadline?
If I give you my number, will you text me?
If I give you my number, will you text me?
Will you be angry if I tell you the truth?
Will you be angry if I tell you the truth?
If the economy doesn't recover soon, will interest rates rise?
If the economy doesn't recover soon, will interest rates rise?
Will you consider the offer if we increase the salary?
Will you consider the offer if we increase the salary?
If I invest in this company, will I see a profit this year?
If I invest in this company, will I see a profit this year?
What will happen to the environment if we don't reduce plastic use?
What will happen to the environment if we don't reduce plastic use?
If the legislation passes, will it fundamentally change the industry?
If the legislation passes, will it fundamentally change the industry?
Will the shareholders be satisfied if the merger is delayed?
Will the shareholders be satisfied if the merger is delayed?
If we implement these changes, will the system be more efficient?
If we implement these changes, will the system be more efficient?
What repercussions will we face if the data is leaked?
What repercussions will we face if the data is leaked?
If the geopolitical climate destabilizes further, will global trade be hampered?
If the geopolitical climate destabilizes further, will global trade be hampered?
Will the integrity of the study be compromised if the sample size is reduced?
Will the integrity of the study be compromised if the sample size is reduced?
If the central bank intervenes, will it suffice to curb inflation?
If the central bank intervenes, will it suffice to curb inflation?
What will the long-term societal impact be if automation replaces 50% of jobs?
What will the long-term societal impact be if automation replaces 50% of jobs?
間違えやすい
Learners use 'would' when the situation is actually possible.
Using 'if' when the event is certain to happen.
Putting 'will' in both clauses because both refer to the future.
よくある間違い
If it will rain, will you go?
If it rains, will you go?
If you hungry, will you eat?
If you are hungry, will you eat?
Will you go if it rain?
Will you go if it rains?
If you go will you call?
If you go, will you call?
What you will do if you lose?
What will you do if you lose?
If I am late will you be angry?
If I am late, will you be angry?
Will you stay if I will stay?
Will you stay if I stay?
If he doesn't comes, will we start?
If he doesn't come, will we start?
Will you can help me if I have a problem?
Will you be able to help me if I have a problem?
If I would see him, will I tell him?
If I see him, will I tell him?
If the results will be positive, will you publish?
If the results are positive, will you publish?
Will you should go if they ask?
Should you go if they ask?
If it happens, will you have finished?
If it happens, will you have finished?
文型パターン
If it ___, will you ___?
What will you do if ___?
Will you ___ if I ___?
How will they react if ___?
Real World Usage
If I'm late, will you wait for me?
If I take this role, will I have a mentor?
Will it be cheaper if I don't get the drink?
What will we do if the train is cancelled?
If I buy two, will you give me a discount?
If I post this, will people find it funny?
'will'に耳を傾けよう
'if'節に'will'はNG！
強調のために倒置を使おう
直接的 vs. 間接的
コンマのルール
Smart Tips
Stop! Replace 'will' with the present tense immediately.
Start with the 'if' clause to make the request sound less demanding.
Use 'What'll' instead of 'What will'.
Always check for the comma after the 'if' clause.
発音
The 'Will' Jump
In questions, the word 'will' is often unstressed and sounds like /wəl/.
Contraction of 'What will'
In fast speech, 'What will' sounds like 'What'll' /wɒtəl/.
Rising Intonation
If you go, will you call? ↗
Standard for Yes/No questions.
Falling Intonation
What will you do if you lose? ↘
Standard for Wh- questions.
暗記しよう
記憶術
IF is for the PRESENT, WILL is for the QUESTION.
視覚的連想
Imagine a fork in the road. One path has a sign 'IF' with a clock showing 'NOW' (Present Simple). The other path has a giant question mark made of the word 'WILL'.
Rhyme
If the present is the case, Will asks about the future race.
Story
A traveler stands at a gate. The guard says, 'If you have the key (Present), will you enter (Question)?' The traveler checks his pocket. It's a real possibility, not a dream.
Word Web
チャレンジ
Write 3 questions you would ask a friend if they won a free trip to Hawaii tomorrow.
文化メモ
British speakers often use 'shall' instead of 'will' in the first person, though it sounds quite formal today.
Americans almost exclusively use 'will' or 'going to' in these questions. 'Shall' is very rare.
In negotiations, First Conditional questions are used to 'test the waters' without making a firm commitment.
Conditionals in English evolved from Old English 'gif' (if) which was used to set a premise.
会話のきっかけ
If you win the lottery tomorrow, what will you buy first?
If it rains this weekend, what will you do instead of going outside?
If you move to a new country, what will you miss most about home?
If your phone breaks today, how will you contact your friends?
日記のテーマ
よくある間違い
Test Yourself
If it rains, what ___ you do?
Find and fix the mistake:
If he will come, will you tell him the news?
Arrange the words in the correct order:
All words placed
Click words above to build the sentence
Score: /3
練習問題
8 exercisesIf it ___ (rain), ___ you ___ (take) an umbrella?
Select the correct question:
Find and fix the mistake:
What will you do if you will lose your passport?
Statement: If I help you, you will finish early.
1. If you are tired... / 2. If you are hungry... / 3. If you are bored...
A: I'm going to the store. B: If you go, ___ you ___ some milk?
A: If I see him, will I tell him? B: Will you go if it rains? C: If it will rain, will you go?
if / what / you / will / do / fails / the / plan / ?
Score: /8
Practice Bank
12 exercisesWhat ___ happen if I press this button?
If you don't call me, what will happen?
未来の可能性について正しく尋ねている文はどれですか？
英語に翻訳しなさい: 'Si llegas tarde, ¿te perderás el inicio de la película?'
これらの単語を並べ替えて文を作りましょう：
条件と質問の始まりを一致させましょう：
If you don't leave now, ___ you miss your flight?
What will happen if he will ignore our advice?
文法的に正しい文はどれですか？
英語に翻訳しなさい: 'Si hace sol mañana, ¿iremos a la playa?'
これらの単語を並べ替えて文を作りましょう：
質問の始まりを一致させましょう：
Score: /12
よくある質問 (8)
Yes! You can say `If it rains, are you going to stay?`. It is very common in informal speech.
In English, the 'if' clause is a condition, not a future event. We use the present tense to set the 'reality' of the condition.
Absolutely. `Will you help me if I ask?` is just as correct as `If I ask, will you help me?` Just remember to remove the comma.
Yes. `If I finish, can I go?` or `If he arrives, should I call you?` are variations of the first conditional.
`Unless` means `if... not`. So, `Will you go unless it rains?` means `Will you go if it doesn't rain?`.
Only if the `if` clause comes first. If the `will` clause is first, no comma is used.
No. Use the Second Conditional (`If I were a bird...`) for imaginary things. Use First Conditional for things that might actually happen.
Use short answers: `Yes, I will.` or `No, I won't.`
Scaffolded Practice
1
2
3
4
Mastery Progress
Needs Practice
Improving
Strong
Mastered
In Other Languages
Si + Presente + Futuro
Spanish speakers often struggle with the 'do-support' in English questions.
Si + Présent + Futur
French speakers might try to use the future after 'si' in English (Si il pleuvra).
Wenn + Präsens + Futur
German word order changes significantly in the 'if' clause.
~tara / ~ba forms
Japanese doesn't have a direct equivalent to 'will' for the future.
In / Idha + Verb
The use of past tense for future conditions is a major hurdle for Arabic speakers.
Rúguǒ... jiù...
There is no change in the verb form at all in Chinese.
Learning Path
Prerequisites
Learn These First
Related Grammar Rules
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