Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds
In English, we never use 'will' inside a time clause; we use the Present Simple instead.
- Use Present Simple after 'when', 'before', 'after', 'until', and 'as soon as'. Example: 'When I arrive...'
- Use 'will' or 'going to' in the main part of the sentence. Example: '...I will call you.'
- If the time clause comes first, use a comma. Example: 'Before I leave, I'll say goodbye.'
Overview
I will call you when I will get home（家に帰った時に電話するよ）というメッセージを送って、何かが少し変だなと感じたことはありませんか？そう思うのはあなただけではありません。脳は論理的に「未来のことを話しているのだから、willを2回使うべきだ！」と考えがちです。しかし、英語には少し変わった秘密があります。時を表す節（time clauses）の世界では、未来のことをあたかも現在すでに起こっているかのように扱います。このルールはB1レベルの英語学習者にとって大きなステップアップとなります。なぜなら、これを使えるようになるとずっと自然に聞こえるからです。東京への旅行を計画している時も、スタバの注文を待っている時も、これらのパターンが必要です。willの罠にはまらずに未来のことを話す方法を見ていきましょう。How This Grammar Works
willの部分が未来への重労働を担い、時の言葉が順序を管理します。リレーの競走のようなものです。時の言葉（as soon asなど）が現在形にバトンを渡し、現在形がそれを未来形に渡します。未来のバトンを一度に2つ渡そうとすると、みんな転んでしまいます。それは恥ずかしいですよね。文法オリンピックで転びたくはありません！
Formation Pattern
when, as soon as, before, after, untilの中から選びます。
willを使ってはいけません。
will + 動詞の原形）。
Conjugation Table
| Form | Example | Translation |
|---|---|---|
| --- | --- | --- |
| When + Present, Will + Verb | When I arrive, I will call you. |
到着したら、電話します。 |
| Will + Verb + As Soon As + Present | I will eat as soon as I finish. |
終わったらすぐに食べます。 |
| Before + Present, Will + Verb | Before she leaves, she will wave. |
彼女は去る前に手を振ります。 |
| Until + Present, Will + Verb | I will wait until you come back. |
あなたが戻ってくるまで待ちます。 |
When To Use It
as soon as を使いましょう。制限について話す時は until を使います。「このレベルをクリアするまでゲームをやめないぞ（I won't stop gaming until I win this level.）」 カフェインを摂りすぎて目がピクピクしている深夜のゲームセッションにぴったりです。物事の明確な順序を示すには before や after を使います。「卒業したら、世界中を旅するんだ（After I graduate, I’ll travel the world.）」（あるいは、少なくともおやつを求めて冷蔵庫まで旅するかもしれませんね）。この文法は、未来の生活を正確に整理するのに役立ちます。頭の中にあるデジタルカレンダーのようなものです。
Common Mistakes
When I will see him, I will tell him.When I see him, I will tell him.-s を忘れることです。As soon as he arrive, we will start.As soon as he arrives, we will start.until にも注意が必要です。多くの言語で、人々は by the time と言いたい時に until を使ってしまいます。「5時まで待ちます（I'll wait until 5:00）」は、時計が5時を指すまでそこに留まるという意味です。「5時まで（までに）終わらせます」と言いたい時に until を使うと、何度も何度も終わり続けているように聞こえてしまいます。変ですよね？until は継続的な待機や絶え間ないアクションのために取っておきましょう。Contrast With Similar Patterns
if を使った条件文とどう違うのでしょうか？ if は疑い（もし〜なら）を暗示します。「もし彼に会えたら、伝えるよ（If I see him, I'll tell him）」（会えないかもしれないけれど）。一方、when は確実性を暗示します。「彼に会った時に、伝えるよ（When I see him, I'll tell him）」（会うことは分かっている）。「ひょっとしたら」と「間違いなく」の違いです。going to と will。主節には going to も使えます！「家に帰ったら、10時間寝るつもりだ（When I get home, I'm going to sleep for ten hours.）」 自分の意図を表現するのに最適です。ただ、時の節は*常に*現在単純形のままであることを忘れないでください。それは文が未来形の混乱の中に流されていかないようにするための錨（いかり）なのです。Quick FAQ
時の節で現在進行形（Present Continuous）を使えますか？
はい！アクションが進行中の場合です。 I'll call you while I'm walking home.（歩いて帰っている最中に電話するよ）
as soon as は when よりフォーマルですか？
そうでもありません。ただ、より「早い」だけです。「直後に」という意味です。
will の代わりに shall を使えますか？
使えますが、シェイクスピアの劇に出ているように聞こえます。 I shall text thee when the sun sets.（日が沈んだら、そなたに文を送ろう） ベルベットのケープを着ていない限り、 will か短縮形の 'll を使うのが無難です。
過去のことを話している場合はどうなりますか？
その場合、このルールは適用されません。これは厳密に未来の計画のためのものです。過去の場合は、両方の部分で過去単純形を使います。 When I arrived, I called him.
コンマは常に必要ですか？
when/as soon as/before の部分で文が始まる場合のみ必要です。文の中ほどにある場合は、時の言葉が接着剤の役割を果たすので、コンマという接着剤は不要です！
Future Time Clause Structure
| Main Clause (Future) | Conjunction | Time Clause (Present) |
|---|---|---|
|
I will call you
|
when
|
I arrive.
|
|
She is going to leave
|
as soon as
|
it stops raining.
|
|
We will wait
|
until
|
he comes.
|
|
They'll be happy
|
once
|
they finish.
|
|
I'll buy it
|
before
|
the shop closes.
|
|
You'll feel better
|
after
|
you eat.
|
Common Contractions in Main Clauses
| Full Form | Contraction | Example |
|---|---|---|
|
I will
|
I'll
|
I'll tell you when I know.
|
|
You will
|
You'll
|
You'll see when you get there.
|
|
He will
|
He'll
|
He'll call after he lands.
|
|
She will
|
She'll
|
She'll wait until you're ready.
|
|
We will
|
We'll
|
We'll go as soon as it's time.
|
|
They will
|
They'll
|
They'll leave before we arrive.
|
Meanings
A grammar rule where the present simple tense is used to refer to future time after specific temporal conjunctions.
Immediate Sequence
Using 'as soon as' or 'once' to show one action happens immediately after another.
“As soon as the movie ends, we will go to dinner.”
“I'll tell him the news once he wakes up.”
General Future Timing
Using 'when' to indicate a certain event in the future.
“When I see her, I'll give her your message.”
“I'll be happy when the exams are over.”
Order of Events
Using 'before' and 'after' to establish a timeline for future actions.
“I'll finish this report before I go home.”
“After I graduate, I'm going to travel for a year.”
Duration and Deadlines
Using 'until' or 'till' to show an action continuing up to a specific future point.
“I'll wait here until you come back.”
“We won't start eating until everyone is here.”
Reference Table
| 時を表す言葉 | 意味 | 時の副詞節の動詞 | 主節の動詞 |
|---|---|---|---|
|
When
|
その時
|
Simple Present
|
Future (will/going to)
|
|
As soon as
|
直後に
|
Simple Present
|
Future (will/going to)
|
|
Before
|
その前に
|
Simple Present
|
Future (will/going to)
|
|
After
|
その後に
|
Simple Present
|
Future (will/going to)
|
|
Until
|
その時まで
|
Simple Present
|
Future (will/going to)
|
|
By the time
|
〜までには
|
Simple Present
|
Future (will/going to)
|
|
Once
|
〜したら
|
Simple Present
|
Future (will/going to)
|
フォーマル度スペクトル
I shall contact you immediately upon my arrival. (Communication)
I will call you when I arrive. (Communication)
I'll buzz ya when I'm there. (Communication)
I'll hit you up once I land. (Communication)
未来の時を表す副詞節：未来計画の立て方
接続詞
- When その時
- As soon as 直後に
- Before その前に
- After その後に
- Until その時まで
時の副詞節の動詞
- Simple Present 例: 'arrives', 'finishes'
- Present Continuous 例: 'am waiting', 'is studying'
主節の動詞
- Future Simple 'will + verb'
- Be Going To 'am/is/are going to + verb'
- Imperative 'Do this!', 'Don't do that!'
When と If の比較：確実性 vs. 可能性
未来の時を表す副詞節の文を作る
未来の行動とそれがいつ起こるかを述べたいですか？
時を表す副詞節が最初に来ますか？
「when」「as soon as」などの後の「時を表す副詞節」の動詞の時制は？
「主節」の動詞の時制は？
未来の時を表す副詞節を使う場面
計画
- • When I get paid, I'll buy new shoes.
- • After we eat, we'll watch a movie.
指示／警告
- • Don't start until I say go.
- • Before you cross, look both ways.
メッセージ／チャット
- • I'll text you as soon as I leave.
- • When you arrive, let me know.
仕事／勉強
- • Once I finish this essay, I'll relax.
- • By the time the meeting ends, I'll have sent the email.
レベル別の例文
I will call you when I arrive.
I will call you when I arrive.
Before I sleep, I drink water.
Before I sleep, I drink water.
We will eat after the movie.
We will eat after the movie.
When it is hot, I will go swimming.
When it is hot, I will go swimming.
As soon as I get home, I'll cook dinner.
As soon as I get home, I'll cook dinner.
I'm going to wait until the rain stops.
I'm going to wait until the rain stops.
Will you buy some milk when you go to the shop?
Will you buy some milk when you go to the shop?
After he finishes work, he'll meet us.
After he finishes work, he'll meet us.
I'll send you the document once I've checked it.
I'll send you the document once I've checked it.
By the time you get this letter, I'll be in Paris.
By the time you get this letter, I'll be in Paris.
We won't start the presentation until everyone is seated.
We won't start the presentation until everyone is seated.
I'll stay in this job until I find something better.
I'll stay in this job until I find something better.
I'll have finished the report by the time the meeting starts.
I'll have finished the report by the time the meeting starts.
As soon as the results are announced, we'll let you know.
As soon as the results are announced, we'll let you know.
I'm not leaving until I've spoken to the manager.
I'm not leaving until I've spoken to the manager.
Whenever you're ready, we can set off.
Whenever you're ready, we can set off.
The policy will remain in effect until such time as the board decides otherwise.
The policy will remain in effect until such time as the board decides otherwise.
Once the dust has settled, we'll be able to assess the damage.
Once the dust has settled, we'll be able to assess the damage.
I shall not rest until justice is served.
I shall not rest until justice is served.
After the merger is finalized, several departments will be restructured.
After the merger is finalized, several departments will be restructured.
Lest there be any confusion, I will clarify the terms before the contract is signed.
Lest there be any confusion, I will clarify the terms before the contract is signed.
The system will continue to fail until the underlying architecture is overhauled.
The system will continue to fail until the underlying architecture is overhauled.
Provided that the conditions are met, the grant will be issued once the audit concludes.
Provided that the conditions are met, the grant will be issued once the audit concludes.
I'll be long gone by the time they realize what has happened.
I'll be long gone by the time they realize what has happened.
間違えやすい
Learners use 'if' for certain events or 'when' for uncertain ones.
Learners use 'until' for a deadline and 'by the time' for a duration.
Learners forget that 'when' in a question *can* use 'will'.
よくある間違い
I will call you when I will arrive.
I will call you when I arrive.
Before I will go, I say goodbye.
Before I go, I will say goodbye.
When he come, we will eat.
When he comes, we will eat.
I wait until you will be ready.
I will wait until you are ready.
As soon as I will finish, I'll tell you.
As soon as I finish, I'll tell you.
I'm going to call you when I'm going to arrive.
I'm going to call you when I arrive.
After I will graduate, I will travel.
After I graduate, I will travel.
By the time you will get here, the food will be cold.
By the time you get here, the food will be cold.
I'll join you when I'll have finished.
I'll join you when I've finished.
Until it won't stop raining, we can't go.
Until it stops raining, we can't go.
I will stay here until he will have come.
I will stay here until he has come.
文型パターン
I'll ___ as soon as I ___.
When it ___, we will ___.
By the time you ___, I'll have ___.
I won't ___ until I ___.
Real World Usage
I'll text u when I'm on the bus.
I will be able to start as soon as I complete my current project.
I'll pay when the food arrives.
The shuttle will leave after the last passenger boards.
I'll post the photos once I've edited them!
The agreement will terminate when the notice period ends.
「もしもの 'If' と同じ感覚で！」
「主節も忘れずに！」
「カンマのルール、しっかりね！」
「丁寧な言い方に役立つ！」
「出来事の順番が大事！」
Smart Tips
Check if one of them follows a word like 'when' or 'after'. If it does, delete that 'will'!
Swap 'when' for 'once' or 'as soon as'. It sounds more decisive.
Double-check for the 's' at the end of the verb in the time clause.
Remember: Time word at the start? Comma in the heart. Time word in the middle? No comma riddle.
発音
Contraction Stress
In the main clause, the contracted 'll' is often very soft, almost disappearing.
Comma Pause
If the time clause is first, there is a slight rising intonation followed by a pause at the comma.
Rising-Falling
When I see him (rising), I'll tell him (falling).
Indicates the first part is a condition and the second is the result.
暗記しよう
記憶術
W.A.B.A.U. (When, After, Before, As soon as, Until) — No 'will' in the WABAU zone!
視覚的連想
Imagine a 'Will' robot trying to enter a house labeled 'When'. The door is too small, so the robot has to take off its 'Will' armor and enter as a normal 'Present' person.
Rhyme
When and After, Before and Until, use the Present and drop the Will!
Story
A traveler is planning a trip. He says, 'I'll pack my bags (Future). When I finish (Present), I'll go to the airport (Future). As soon as the plane lands (Present), I'll be in Paris (Future).'
Word Web
チャレンジ
Write 3 things you will do tonight using 'when', 'after', and 'as soon as'. Check that none of those clauses have 'will'!
文化メモ
BrE speakers often use 'shall' in the main clause for a more formal or determined tone, but the time clause rule remains the same.
AmE speakers almost exclusively use 'will' or 'going to' and rarely use 'shall'.
Using 'as soon as' is preferred over 'when' to show efficiency and urgency in professional settings.
This structure stems from Old English, where the present tense was used for both present and future time.
会話のきっかけ
What will you do as soon as you finish work today?
Where will you go when you have your next vacation?
Will you stay in your current city until you retire?
What's the first thing you'll buy when you become a millionaire?
日記のテーマ
よくある間違い
Test Yourself
As soon as the movie ___, we'll order popcorn.
Find and fix the mistake:
I'm going to wait until she will call me back.
正しい文を選んでください：
Translate into English: 'Cuando termine mi trabajo, iré al gimnasio.'
Answer starts with: ["W...
Score: /4
練習問題
8 exercisesI will call you when I ___ at the hotel.
As soon as she ___ (finish) the book, she will lend it to me.
Find and fix the mistake:
I'll wait here until you will come back.
I will leave the office. I will finish the report.
When the sun will set, it will get cold.
A: When are we leaving? B: We'll leave as soon as the taxi ___.
Pick the correct future time clause.
1. I'll be happy... 2. We'll go out... 3. I'll stay here...
Score: /8
Practice Bank
13 exercisesWe'll discuss the details after everyone ___ the proposal.
He's going to study until he will understand the concept.
文法的に正しい文はどれですか？
Translate into English: 'No saldré hasta que termine de llover.'
これらの単語を並べ替えて文を作りなさい：
接続詞と最もよく合う説明を組み合わせなさい：
By the time the guests ___, we'll have prepared dinner.
After I will finish university, I am going to travel.
正しい文を選んでください：
Translate into English: 'Antes de que el jefe lo apruebe, no podemos empezar.'
これらの単語を並べ替えて文を作りなさい：
Please remember to mute your mic while you ___.
始まりと正しい終わりを組み合わせなさい：
Score: /13
よくある質問 (8)
Only if 'when' is a question word, not a time conjunction. For example: 'When will you arrive?' is correct, but 'I'll call you when you arrive' is the rule for time clauses.
This rule only applies to the future. In the past, both clauses usually use the past tense: 'When I arrived, I called him.'
Grammatically, they are the same. Meaning-wise, 'as soon as' is much faster—it means 'immediately after'.
No. Just like 'will', 'going to' is generally avoided in the time clause. Use the Present Simple instead.
It's a way to simplify the sentence. Since the main clause already says 'will', the time clause doesn't need it to be understood as future.
Yes! The First Conditional ('If it rains, I will...') follows the exact same tense rule.
Yes, if you want to emphasize an ongoing action: 'I'll call you when I'm having lunch.' But Present Simple is much more common.
'Until' is for a continuous action (I'll wait until 5). 'By the time' is for a single event that happens before a deadline (By the time I arrive, the show will have started).
Scaffolded Practice
1
2
3
4
Mastery Progress
Needs Practice
Improving
Strong
Mastered
In Other Languages
Cuando + Subjunctive
English has no subjunctive requirement here.
Quand + Future
English forbids the future tense in the 'when' part.
Wenn + Present
German uses 'wenn' for both 'if' and 'when', which causes confusion in English.
Verb-ru + toki / Verb-tara
Japanese doesn't have a 'will' equivalent to misplace, so the error is less common.
Indama + Present
The word order and verb conjugation are the main hurdles.
...de shihou
Chinese speakers often forget the English future marker 'will' in the main clause.
Learning Path
Prerequisites
Learn These First
関連動画
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