丁寧な基本: Excuse Me, Sorry & Thank You
Excuse me, Sorry, Thank you をたくさん使いましょう。
Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds
Use 'Excuse me' to get attention, 'Sorry' to apologize for mistakes, and 'Thank you' to show gratitude.
- Use 'Excuse me' before asking a stranger a question. Example: 'Excuse me, where is the bus?'
- Use 'Sorry' after you make a mistake or bump into someone. Example: 'I am sorry I am late.'
- Use 'Thank you' whenever someone helps you or gives you something. Example: 'Thank you for the coffee.'
Overview
Excuse me、Sorry、そしてThank you。これらはただの言葉ではありません。英語でスムーズで丁寧、そしてフレンドリーなやり取りを解き放つ鍵なのです。これらを正しく使うことで、あなたが単に言語を話しているだけでなく、その背後にある文化を理解していることを示せます。これらをマスターすれば、人々はあなたのことを思慮深く、話しやすい人と見るでしょう。誰もが知っている秘密の握手のようなものです。Excuse meは、注意を引いたり、空間を移動したりするためのあなたのツールです。Sorryは、大小さまざまな間違いの責任を取るためのあなたの方法です。Thank youは、感謝を示し、親切を認める方法です。
Excuse meと言うべきときにSorryとは言わないでしょう。このガイドでは、どのツールをいつ使うべきかを正確に解説しているので、あなたの社会的なやり取りは常に的確になります。お気に入りのストリーマーがフォートナイトのラウンドに勝つのと同じくらいスムーズに会話をナビゲートできるようになります。How This Grammar Works
Excuse meは丁寧な割り込みとして機能します。それは「ねえ、ちょっと時間をください」とか「通してください」という合図です。それは行動を起こす*前*(質問をするなど)や、非常に些細な社会的な失敗(くしゃみなど)のために使われます。
Sorryは謝罪として機能します。それは「何か悪いことをしたと認識しており、後悔しています」という合図です。それは間違いが起こった*後*に使われます。Sorryと言うことは、社会的なエラーのためのミニタイムマシンのようなものです。間違いを消すことはできませんが、社会的なつながりを修復します。基本的には、現実世界のための「元に戻す」ボタンです。
Thank youは感謝の表現として機能します。それは「あなたが私のためにしてくれた良いことを見て、感謝しています」という合図です。それはポジティブな感情を築き、将来のさらなる親切を促します。それはハイタッチや親指を立てる絵文字👍の社会的同等物です。
Formation Pattern
Excuse meで始めます。
Excuse me, do you have the time?
Excuse me, is this seat taken?
SorryまたはI'm sorryを使います。より具体的にするために、for + [動詞-ing]またはthat + [節]を追加できます。
Sorry for being late.
sorry that I forgot your birthday. カレンダーに書いてあったのに、誓います!私の電話が私を無視しているに違いありません。
Thank youを使います。何に感謝しているかを特定するために、for + [動詞-ing]またはfor + [名詞]を追加できます。
Thank you for your help.
Thank you for explaining that. 完全に迷子でした。
When To Use It
Excuse meを使うとき:- 誰かの注意を引く必要があるとき:
Excuse me, sir, you dropped your wallet. - 人混みを通り抜ける必要があるとき:
Excuse me, coming through! - 会話を丁寧に中断する必要があるとき:
Excuse me, sorry to interrupt, but the meeting is starting. - くしゃみ、咳、げップをするとき。静かな
excuse meは丁寧です。真面目な話、そういうものです。 - 食事の席やグループを一時的に離れるとき:
Excuse mefor a moment, I'll be right back.
Sorryを使うとき:- 間違いを犯したとき:
Sorry, I sent the wrong file. - 誰かにぶつかったとき:Oh,
sorry! - 遅刻したとき:
SorryI'm late, the traffic was a nightmare. - 悪い知らせを伝えなければならないとき:I'm
sorry, but your flight has been canceled. - 誰かの言ったことを聞き間違えたとき:
Sorry, what did you say?(ここでは、繰り返しを頼むための柔らかい方法です)。
Thank youを使うとき:- 誰かが何かをくれたとき:贈り物、褒め言葉、あるいはただのペン。
- 誰かが助けてくれたとき:ドアを開けてくれた、道を教えてくれた、または難しい仕事を手伝ってくれた。
- 誰かがサービスを提供してくれたとき:コーヒーを入れてくれるバリスタ、Uberの運転手、レジの人。
- Eメールや会話を終えるとき:
Thank youfor your time.
Common Mistakes
- 1注意を引くために
Sorryを使うこと。
- ✗
Sorry, can you tell me where the station is? - ✓
Excuse me, can you tell me where the station is?
Sorryと言うと、彼らを邪魔していることを謝っているように聞こえ、それは少しやりすぎです。Excuse meはよりクリーンで直接的です。- 1本当の間違いの後に
Excuse meを使うこと。
- ✗ 誰かのラップトップにコーヒーをこぼして、
Excuse meと言う。 - ✓ 誰かのラップトップにコーヒーをこぼして、
Oh my gosh, I'm so sorry!と言う。
Excuse meはここでは弱すぎます。問題の深刻さを理解していることを示していません。Sorryのより強力な力が必要です。- 1
Thank youを言うのを忘れること。
- これは文法的な間違いではなく、社会的な間違いです!誰かがあなたのためにドアを開けてくれて、あなたがただ通り過ぎるだけだと、失礼に見えることがあります。簡単な
ThanksやThank youがすべての違いを生みます。その人にならないでください。
- 1非常にフォーマルな状況で
Thanksを使うこと。
- 就職面接のEメールで:✗
Thanksfor the interview. - 就職面接のEメールで:✓
Thank youfor the opportunity to interview.
Thanksはカジュアルです。フォーマルな状況(ビジネス、学術)では、完全なThank youに固執してください。Contrast With Similar Patterns
Sorryvs.I apologizevs.My badI apologizeは謝罪のフォーマルなスーツです。ビジネス文書や重大な過ちを犯したときに使います。「I apologize for the error in the report.」Sorryはあなたの日常のジーンズとTシャツです。ほとんどの状況に最適です。My badは超カジュアルで、スウェットパンツのようなものです。ささいな間違いについて親しい友人と一緒に使います。「Oops, forgot to text you back. My bad.」
Excuse mevs.Pardon mePardon meはExcuse meの少しフォーマルまたは古風なバージョンです。それはすべての同じ状況で機能します。特に丁寧に聞こえたい場合は、Pardon meが良い選択です。それはあなたの服装に蝶ネクタイを追加するようなものです。
Thank youvs.Thanksvs.I appreciate itThank youは多目的な標準です。Thanksはカジュアルで素早いバージョンです。テキストに最適です:「Got the pics, thanks!」I appreciate itはさらなる誠実さを加えます。それは行動を強調します。「Thank you for staying late to help. I really appreciate it.」誰かがあなたのために特別なことをしてくれたときに最適です。
Quick FAQ
「Sorry?」とだけ言っても大丈夫ですか、それとも「I'm sorry」と言うべきですか?
どちらも素晴らしいです!「I'm sorry」は完全な文で、わずかにフォーマルですが、聞き取れなかったときに疑問のイントネーションで「Sorry?」と言ったり、誰かにぶつかった後に「Sorry!」と言ったりするのは100%自然です。
「Thank you」と「Thank you so much」の違いは何ですか?
「So much」は単に強調を加えるだけです。感謝の気持ちをより強く感じさせます。本当にとても幸せだったり、安心したりしたときに使います。「Thank you so much for finding my keys!」
イギリスでは、人々はいつも「sorry」と言います。なぜですか?
はい!それは有名な文化的習慣です。イギリスでは、sorryは他人に迷惑をかけずに日常生活を送るための、より柔らかいexcuse meのようにしばしば使われます。*あなた*が*彼ら*にぶつかった場合でも、誰かがsorryと言うかもしれません。それは社会的な潤滑油であり、常に罪の告白ではありません。
Thank youにNo problemと返答できますか?
もちろんです。You're welcomeが古典的な返答ですが、No problem、Anytime、My pleasure、Don't mention itはすべて非常に一般的でフレンドリーな代替案です。今は2026年です、No problemはほとんどの状況でまったく問題ありません。
Common Variations of Polite Phrases
| Phrase | Informal | Neutral | Formal |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Gratitude
|
Thanks!
|
Thank you.
|
I am very grateful.
|
|
Apology
|
My bad / Sorry!
|
I'm sorry.
|
I apologize sincerely.
|
|
Attention
|
Hey! (Careful)
|
Excuse me.
|
Pardon me / I beg your pardon.
|
|
Declining
|
No thanks.
|
No, thank you.
|
I'm afraid I must decline.
|
Common Contractions and Slang
| Full Form | Contraction | Slang/Text |
|---|---|---|
|
I am sorry
|
I'm sorry
|
Sorry / My bad
|
|
Thank you
|
n/a
|
Thanks / Thx / Ty
|
|
Excuse me
|
n/a
|
Scuse me
|
Meanings
These are 'social lubricants'—fixed phrases used to maintain politeness, show respect, and manage interactions with others.
Attention Seeker
Using 'Excuse me' to start a conversation or ask for space.
“Excuse me, is this seat free?”
“Excuse me, I need to get past.”
Apology
Using 'Sorry' to express regret for an action.
“I'm sorry I broke the glass.”
“Sorry for the noise.”
Gratitude
Using 'Thank you' to acknowledge a gift, service, or kindness.
“Thank you for the gift.”
“Thanks for your help.”
Softening a 'No'
Using 'Sorry' or 'No, thank you' to politely decline an offer.
“No, thank you, I'm full.”
“I'm sorry, I can't come tonight.”
Reference Table
| フレーズ | 役割 | 使うタイミング | 具体的な場面 |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Excuse me
|
注意を引く・通る
|
割り込む前や動く前
|
Need to ask a question.
|
|
Sorry
|
謝罪・後悔・同情
|
ミスをした後や悪いニュース
|
Bumped into someone accidentally.
|
|
Thank you
|
感謝・受け入れ
|
助けやギフトをもらった時
|
Someone holds a door for you.
|
|
Excuse me
|
聞き返す(カジュアル)
|
はっきり聞こえなかった時
|
Someone mumbled a word.
|
|
Sorry
|
聞き返す(カジュアル)
|
質問が理解できなかった時
|
Teacher asks complex question.
|
|
Thank you
|
承諾の確認
|
食べ物や飲み物を受け取る時
|
Waiter serves your coffee.
|
フォーマル度スペクトル
Excuse me, would you mind if I sat here? (Public transport)
Excuse me, is this seat taken? (Public transport)
Is this free? (Public transport)
Can I crash here? (Public transport)
基本マナーのつながりマップ
注意を引く
- Excuse me To start a conversation
- Excuse me To ask someone to move
謝る
- Sorry For a mistake
- Sorry Expressing sympathy
感謝する
- Thank you For help
- Thank you For a gift
聞き返す
- Sorry? Didn't hear
- Excuse me? Didn't understand
Excuse Me vs. Sorry
正しいフレーズの選び方
注意を引きたい、または通りたい、または音を出しましたか?
ミスをした、または悪いニュースを聞いた、または理解できませんでしたか?
誰かに助けてもらった、または何かをもらいましたか?
丁寧さアップのリスト
呼びかけ
- • Excuse me
- • Hello, excuse me
- • Excuse me, sir/madam
謝罪
- • Sorry
- • I'm sorry
- • My apologies
感謝
- • Thank you
- • Thanks
- • Thank you very much
聞き返し
- • Sorry?
- • Excuse me?
- • Pardon me?
レベル別の例文
Excuse me, where is the station?
Excuse me, where is the station?
I am sorry, I don't understand.
I am sorry, I don't understand.
Thank you for the water.
Thank you for the water.
No, thank you.
No, thank you.
Excuse me, could you help me with this bag?
Excuse me, could you help me with this bag?
I'm sorry for making a mistake.
I'm sorry for making a mistake.
Thanks a lot for your advice.
Thanks a lot for your advice.
Sorry, I'm busy right now.
Sorry, I'm busy right now.
Excuse me, I think you dropped your wallet.
Excuse me, I think you dropped your wallet.
I'm so sorry to keep you waiting.
I'm so sorry to keep you waiting.
I'm really grateful for everything you've done.
I'm really grateful for everything you've done.
Excuse me, but I don't think that's correct.
Excuse me, but I don't think that's correct.
Excuse me for interrupting, but we have a deadline.
Excuse me for interrupting, but we have a deadline.
I owe you an apology for my behavior yesterday.
I owe you an apology for my behavior yesterday.
I'd like to express my sincere thanks to the team.
I'd like to express my sincere thanks to the team.
I'm sorry to bother you, but do you have a moment?
I'm sorry to bother you, but do you have a moment?
I beg your pardon, I didn't quite catch that.
I beg your pardon, I didn't quite catch that.
We regret to inform you that your application was unsuccessful.
We regret to inform you that your application was unsuccessful.
Your assistance has been invaluable; thank you.
Your assistance has been invaluable; thank you.
Excuse my ignorance, but how does this system work?
Excuse my ignorance, but how does this system work?
I must apologize; I seem to have overstepped the mark.
I must apologize; I seem to have overstepped the mark.
I'm terribly sorry, but I simply cannot acquiesce to those terms.
I'm terribly sorry, but I simply cannot acquiesce to those terms.
Words cannot express the depth of my gratitude.
Words cannot express the depth of my gratitude.
Excuse me, but your logic appears somewhat flawed in this instance.
Excuse me, but your logic appears somewhat flawed in this instance.
間違えやすい
Learners use 'Sorry' to get attention because in some languages, the word for 'pardon' is the same for both.
Learners often say 'Thanks you' or 'Thank'.
Learners think 'Pardon' is the only way to ask someone to repeat something.
よくある間違い
Sorry, where is the bank?
Excuse me, where is the bank?
Thank you for help.
Thank you for the help.
I am excuse me.
Excuse me.
Thanks you.
Thank you. (OR) Thanks.
I'm sorry to late.
I'm sorry I'm late. (OR) I'm sorry for being late.
Excuse me, can you repeat?
Excuse me, could you repeat that? (OR) Sorry?
Thank you very much for your help me.
Thank you very much for helping me.
I apologize for be late.
I apologize for being late.
I beg your pardon? (Used when you disagree)
I'm sorry, I don't quite agree.
文型パターン
Excuse me, where is the ___?
I am sorry for ___.
Thank you for ___.
Excuse me, could you ___?
Real World Usage
Excuse me, can I have the menu? Thank you.
Thanks for the link! Sorry for the late reply.
Thank you for this opportunity. I'm sorry, could you repeat the question?
Excuse me, I need to get off at this stop. Sorry!
Excuse me, how much is this? Thank you.
Thanks for the follow! Sorry I missed your DM.
自信を持って使いましょう
Thank you for your kind words.
謝りすぎには注意です
イントネーションが大事!
Sorry, could you say that again?
イギリスとアメリカの違い
Sorry, can I just squeeze past?
独り言でも練習してみて
Excuse me, is this the right way?
Smart Tips
Combine 'Excuse me' and 'Sorry' to move through. Say 'Excuse me, sorry, excuse me' as you walk.
Use 'No problem' instead of 'You're welcome' to sound more modern and casual.
Wait for a tiny pause, then say 'Excuse me' with a soft, rising tone.
Add 'really' or 'so much' to your thank you.
発音
The 's' in Excuse
In 'Excuse me' (the verb/expression), the 's' sounds like a /z/.
The 'th' in Thank
Place your tongue between your teeth for a soft 'th' sound. Do not say 'Sank' or 'Tank'.
Rising Intonation for Questions
Excuse me? ↗
Used when you didn't hear someone or are surprised.
Falling Intonation for Statements
Thank you. ↘
Conveys sincere gratitude.
暗記しよう
記憶術
EST: Excuse me (Start), Sorry (Stop/Fix), Thank you (Terminate/End).
視覚的連想
Imagine a 'Social Shield'. 'Excuse me' is the handle you grab to start, 'Sorry' is the polish to fix scratches, and 'Thank you' is the shine at the end.
Rhyme
Before you ask, 'Excuse me' say. After help, 'Thank you' is the way. If you're wrong, 'Sorry' saves the day.
Story
I walked into a shop and said 'Excuse me' to find a gift. I accidentally dropped a vase and said 'Sorry!' The clerk helped me clean it, so I said 'Thank you' before I left.
Word Web
チャレンジ
Go through your day and find 3 times to say 'Thank you' and 1 time to say 'Excuse me' (even if you are just practicing in your head!).
文化メモ
British people use 'Sorry' constantly, even if they didn't do anything wrong. If you bump into a British person, they will often say 'Sorry' to you first!
Americans are very direct with 'Thank you' and often follow it with 'You're welcome' or 'No problem.' 'Excuse me' is used loudly to get through crowds.
Australians often use 'No worries' as a response to both 'Sorry' and 'Thank you.' It is a very versatile polite phrase.
'Excuse' comes from the Latin 'ex-causa' (out of a cause/charge). 'Sorry' comes from the Old English 'sarig' (full of sorrow/pain). 'Thank' comes from the Proto-Germanic 'thancjan' (to think/thought).
会話のきっかけ
Excuse me, do you know where the nearest cafe is?
I'm so sorry I'm late! The traffic was terrible.
Thank you so much for inviting me to your party!
Excuse me, I'm afraid I didn't catch your name.
日記のテーマ
よくある間違い
Test Yourself
___ me, could you help me with this bag?
Excuse me を使います。正しい文を選んでください:
Sorry を使います。「助けてくれてありがとう」を英語に直すと?
Answer starts with: ["T...
Thank you です。Find and fix the mistake:
Sorry, where is the nearest bus stop?
Excuse me が適切です。Score: /4
練習問題
8 exercises___, can I have the bill?
Thank you ___ the delicious dinner.
Find and fix the mistake:
I am sorry for be late.
1. Bumping into someone | 2. Receiving a gift | 3. Asking for directions
me / where / excuse / is / library / the / ?
I want to thank my best friend.
A: Here is your coffee. B: ___.
___, could you say that again?
Score: /8
Practice Bank
12 exercises___ you for holding the door for me!
Excuse me, I spilled a little water.
正しい文はどれ?
「すみません、もう一度言ってもらえますか?」を英語に直すと?
単語を並べ替えて文を作ってください:
状況とフレーズを組み合わせてください:
I'm so ___ to hear about your bad day.
Thank you, I need to get off the train.
正しい文を選んでください:
「失礼します、通ってもいいですか?」を英語に直すと?
単語を並べ替えて文を作ってください:
それぞれの役割を一致させてください:
Score: /12
よくある質問 (8)
No, you must say `Excuse me`. Saying just `Excuse` is grammatically incomplete and sounds like a command, which is rude.
Not at all! `Thanks` is perfect for friends, family, and casual situations like buying a newspaper. Use `Thank you` for more formal settings.
People will still understand you, but it sounds a bit strange. It makes it seem like you are apologizing for existing rather than just asking a question!
The most common responses are `You're welcome`, `No problem`, or `Anytime`.
`I'm sorry` is slightly more formal and sincere. `Sorry` is a quick, casual apology for minor things.
Yes, if you say it with a very sharp, loud tone, it can sound like you are angry. Tone of voice is very important!
Use `Pardon?` or `I beg your pardon?` when you didn't hear someone. It is more formal than `Sorry?` or `What?`.
Yes! Always say `No, thank you`. Just saying `No` sounds very blunt and unfriendly in English.
Scaffolded Practice
1
2
3
4
Mastery Progress
Needs Practice
Improving
Strong
Mastered
In Other Languages
Perdón / Gracias / Disculpe
English strictly separates 'Excuse me' (proactive) and 'Sorry' (reactive).
Pardon / Merci / Excusez-moi
English uses 'Excuse me' much more frequently than 'Pardon'.
Entschuldigung / Danke / Es tut mir leid
German has one word for both attention and apology; English has two.
Sumimasen / Arigatou
English requires specific words for specific social functions, whereas Japanese uses one versatile word.
Afwan / Shukran / Asif
English 'Excuse me' is never used as a response to 'Thank you'.
Bùhǎoyìsi / Xièxiè / Duìbuqǐ
English 'Sorry' is used much more casually and frequently than 'Duìbuqǐ'.