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B1 noun 8分で読める

bistand

例文 メモとヒント bistand 30秒で
解説 bistand in your Level:
At the A1 level, you don't really need to use the word 'bistand' yet. You should focus on the word 'hjelp' (help). However, you might see 'bistand' on signs in government buildings or in very simple news headlines. Just remember that it is a 'fancy' word for help. If you see it, think of it as 'official help'. You won't be expected to use it in your own speaking or writing at this stage. Most A1 learners will encounter 'hjelp' in phrases like 'Kan du hjelpe meg?' (Can you help me?). If you see 'bistand', just recognize that it's a noun. It is 'en bistand' (a help/assistance). You might see it in the compound 'u-hjelp' which is an older term for development aid, though 'bistand' is now more common. Basically, at A1, 'bistand' is a passive vocabulary word that you might recognize from the news but won't use in daily life. It is important to know that Norwegian has different levels of formality, and this word is on the higher end of that scale. Even though you are just starting, knowing that 'bistand' exists will help you understand why some sentences sound more 'serious' than others when you listen to the radio or look at posters in the city.
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At the A2 level, you are starting to talk about your work and the society around you. You might come across 'bistand' when talking about the Norwegian government or charities. You should understand that 'bistand' is often used when an organization helps people. For example, 'Røde Kors gir bistand' (The Red Cross gives aid). You might also see it in the context of 'rettshjelp' (legal aid), which is a type of 'juridisk bistand'. At this level, you should try to recognize the word in texts about the news or social issues. You don't need to use it in casual conversation, but if you are writing a simple formal email, you might use it to sound more polite. For instance, 'Takk for din bistand' (Thank you for your assistance) sounds very professional. You should also be aware of the verb 'å bistå' (to assist), which is the action form of the word. If you are at a doctor's office or a NAV office (the Norwegian labor and welfare administration), you will definitely hear this word. It is part of the 'administrative' Norwegian that you will need to navigate life in Norway. Start noticing how it is different from 'hjelp'—it's usually about money, legal rights, or professional services.
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At the B1 level, you are expected to know and use 'bistand' in appropriate contexts. This is the level where you distinguish between registers (formal vs. informal). You should use 'bistand' when discussing international news, development, or professional support. You should be able to form sentences like 'Norge gir mye bistand til fattige land' (Norway gives a lot of aid to poor countries). You should also be familiar with the common compound words like 'bistandsarbeid' (aid work) and 'bistandsadvokat' (victim's lawyer). At B1, you should understand the grammar: 'bistand' is a noun, and it often goes with the verb 'å yte' (to provide). Instead of saying 'gi hjelp' in a formal presentation, you should say 'yte bistand'. You should also know that it's a common gender noun (en/ei). This word is very common in the 'Samfunnskunnskap' (Social Studies) curriculum for immigrants in Norway. It's a key word for understanding the Norwegian welfare state and Norway's role in the world. You should be able to explain the difference between 'nødhjelp' (short-term) and 'langvarig bistand' (long-term). Using this word correctly shows that you have reached an intermediate level of Norwegian and can handle more complex topics than just daily chores.
At the B2 level, you should have a nuanced command of 'bistand'. You should be able to use it in professional settings without hesitation. You understand that 'bistand' isn't just 'aid' but can also mean 'inter-agency cooperation'. For example, you should be able to discuss a news report where the 'politiet ber om bistand fra Forsvaret' (the police ask for assistance from the Armed Forces) and explain why 'bistand' is used there instead of 'hjelp' (it implies a formal protocol). You should also be comfortable with the verb 'å bistå' and know that it doesn't require a preposition (you bistå someone, you don't bistå 'to' someone). At B2, you can participate in debates about 'bistandspolitikk' (aid policy). You should be able to use the word in the definite form 'bistanden' and understand its role in complex sentences. You might also encounter it in historical contexts, such as the 'Marshall-hjelpen' (Marshall Plan), which was a form of 'økonomisk bistand'. Your vocabulary should now include related terms like 'gjensidig bistand' (mutual assistance) and 'teknisk bistand'. You should also be able to recognize the word in legal texts, such as the 'Bistandsinstruksen', which governs how the Norwegian police can receive help from the military. Your use of the word should feel natural and appropriately formal.
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At the C1 level, you use 'bistand' with the precision of a native speaker. You are aware of the subtle connotations it carries in different sectors. In a legal context, you understand the specific duties of a 'bistandsadvokat' and how this role differs from other legal representatives. In a political context, you can discuss the 'effektiviteten av norsk bistand' (the effectiveness of Norwegian aid) using advanced collocations like 'å kanalisere bistand' (to channel aid) or 'bistandskritikk' (criticism of aid). You can use the word metaphorically or in highly specialized technical fields. You understand the etymological connection to the German 'beistand' and how this influences its formal tone. You can write reports where 'bistand' is used to describe complex interactions between departments or states. You are also aware of the historical shifts in the word's usage—how 'u-hjelp' became 'utviklingssamarbeid' or 'bistand'. Your pronunciation is perfect, including the correct stress and the slightly formal 'st' sound. You can distinguish between 'bistand' and 'assistanse' in a technical manual, knowing that 'bistand' often implies a more comprehensive or human-led support system. You are also able to identify when the word is being used ironically or in a critical manner in political commentary.
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At the C2 level, you have complete mastery over 'bistand' and its place in the Norwegian linguistic landscape. You can analyze the rhetoric of 'bistandsdiskurs' (aid discourse) in academic or political texts. You understand how the word functions within the broader 'velferdsstat' (welfare state) terminology and its relationship to concepts like 'solidaritet' (solidarity) and 'subsidiaritetsprinsippet' (the principle of subsidiarity). You can use the word in creative writing to evoke a specific formal or bureaucratic atmosphere. You are familiar with rare or archaic uses of the word in older legal documents or literature. You can effortlessly switch between 'bistand', 'hjelp', 'understøttelse', and 'assistanse' to achieve the exact stylistic effect you desire. You understand the nuances of 'gjensidig bistand' in international treaties and can draft documents that use these terms with legal precision. Your understanding extends to the socio-political implications of the word—how providing 'bistand' can reflect power dynamics between nations or between the state and the individual. You are capable of providing a deep linguistic analysis of the word, including its morphological structure and its evolution in the Scandinavian languages compared to its Germanic roots. At this level, the word is not just a tool for communication but a concept you can manipulate and analyze at the highest level of intellectual discourse.
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例文 メモとヒント

bistand 30秒で

  • Bistand is the formal Norwegian word for 'aid' or 'assistance'.
  • It is primarily used in international, legal, and professional contexts.
  • Commonly paired with the verb 'å yte' (to provide).
  • It differs from 'hjelp' by being more official and structured.

The Norwegian word bistand is a sophisticated noun that translates primarily to 'aid', 'assistance', or 'support'. While the everyday word for help is hjelp, bistand carries a more formal, official, or professional weight. It is the term you will encounter in government documents, international relations, legal contexts, and technical support scenarios. Understanding bistand is crucial for moving from a basic B1 level to a more professional B2/C1 proficiency because it allows you to discuss societal structures and professional obligations.

International Development
In the context of global politics, bistand refers to the financial or material aid given by wealthy nations to developing countries. Norway is famous for its high percentage of Gross National Income (GNI) dedicated to utviklingsbistand (development aid).
Legal and Police Support
When the police require help from the military, or when a citizen needs a lawyer provided by the state, the term used is bistand. It implies a structured, often legally mandated form of helping.

Historically, the word entered Norwegian from Middle Low German 'bistand', which literally means 'to stand by'. This etymological root is helpful for learners: when you provide bistand, you are 'standing by' someone to support them in a formal capacity. It is rarely used for small favors, like helping a friend carry groceries; for that, you would use hjelp. However, if you are providing professional consulting services, you are providing teknisk bistand.

Norge yter betydelig bistand til land i sør for å fremme bærekraftig utvikling.

Furthermore, the word is often paired with the verb å yte (to provide/render). While you can 'gi' (give) bistand, 'å yte bistand' is the standard collocation in formal Norwegian. This nuance is what separates a student who knows the dictionary definition from a student who understands the 'soul' of the Norwegian administrative language. In the workplace, if your department is helping another, you are offering intern bistand. This suggests a professional collaboration rather than a personal favor. The term is also central to the Norwegian 'Bistandsnemnda' and other humanitarian organizations. It reflects the Norwegian cultural value of 'dugnad' (communal work) scaled up to a professional and global level.

Professional Context
Technical support or expert advice is often termed faglig bistand. If a doctor assists another during a complex surgery, they are providing medisinsk bistand.

Politiet ba om bistand fra Forsvaret under leteaksjonen i fjellet.

Using bistand correctly requires an understanding of its grammatical behavior as a noun and its typical collocations. It is a common gender noun (en bistand or ei bistand), though it is frequently used in the uncountable sense. You will rarely see it in the plural form (bistander), as support is usually viewed as a collective effort or a continuous state of helping.

The Verb 'Å Yte'
The most common verb paired with bistand is å yte. Example: 'Kommunen skal yte bistand til eldre i hjemmet.' (The municipality shall provide assistance to the elderly at home.) This sounds much more official than 'gi hjelp'.

Vi trenger juridisk bistand for å gå gjennom kontrakten.

When you want to specify the type of aid, you often create compound words or use adjectives. Økonomisk bistand (financial aid) is perhaps the most common phrase. In Norwegian media, you will frequently hear about nødbistand (emergency aid) during natural disasters. Note that the word hjelp is often used as a synonym in headlines for brevity, but bistand is the preferred term in the actual reports and legal texts.

In a work environment, you might say: 'Jeg setter pris på din bistand i dette prosjektet.' This is a formal way of thanking a colleague for their professional contribution. It elevates the level of the conversation. If you are applying for a grant or a social benefit, the documentation might refer to sosial bistand. In these contexts, using the word hjelp might feel slightly more 'desperate' or personal, whereas bistand maintains a level of professional distance and dignity for both the provider and the receiver.

Compound Words
Common compounds include bistandsarbeid (aid work), bistandsbudsjett (aid budget), and bistandsadvokat (a lawyer for victims of crime).

Offeret har rett til en bistandsadvokat betalt av staten.

You will encounter bistand daily if you follow Norwegian news (NRK, Aftenposten) or work in a professional office. It is the 'bread and butter' of the Norwegian political discourse regarding the 'handlingsregelen' and how much oil money should be spent on foreign aid. Politicians often debate the effectiveness of norsk bistand in Africa or the Middle East. If you are watching a crime drama, you will hear the local police ask for bistand from 'Kripos' (the National Criminal Investigation Service). This specific use—inter-agency cooperation—is a hallmark of the word.

The News Context
'Regjeringen øker den humanitære bistanden til Ukraina.' You will hear this on the 21:00 news (Dagsrevyen) almost every week during international crises.

FN ber om mer bistand for å bekjempe sultkatastrofen.

In a healthcare setting, bistand is used in patient journals. A nurse might write that a patient needs bistand til personlig hygiene. This is the formal, clinical way to say the patient needs help washing. Using bistand here preserves the patient's dignity and follows medical reporting standards. In the IT sector, 'brukerstøtte' is common, but 'teknisk bistand' is used when a third-party company is hired to help with a system implementation.

Lastly, in the Norwegian legal system, a bistandsadvokat is a specific role. Unlike a defense attorney (forsvarer), the bistandsadvokat represents the interests of the victim. If you are reading about a court case in the newspaper, this word will appear constantly. It signifies the state's commitment to supporting those who have suffered harm. This cultural and legal infrastructure makes bistand a word that carries the weight of the Norwegian social contract: the idea that the community (or the state) stands by the individual in times of need.

The most frequent mistake for English speakers is using bistand in casual, everyday situations. Because 'aid' and 'assistance' can sometimes be used interchangeably with 'help' in English, learners might say 'Kan du gi meg bistand med denne bæreposen?' (Can you give me assistance with this shopping bag?). This sounds incredibly robotic and strange to a native speaker. In this case, always use hjelp.

Register Confusion
Mistake: Using bistand with friends. Correct: Use bistand for organizations, government, and professional services.

Feil: Trenger du bistand til å knyte skoene? (Too formal!)

Another mistake involves the verb 'å bistå'. While bistand is the noun, the verb å bistå is also formal. Learners often forget that bistå is a transitive verb that takes a direct object. You don't 'bistå til noen', you simply 'bistår noen'. Example: 'Vi vil bistå politiet.' (We will assist the police.) However, the noun bistand often uses til. This discrepancy can be confusing.

A subtle mistake is confusing bistand with støtte. While they overlap, støtte often refers to emotional support or physical support (like a pillar), whereas bistand is almost always active 'help' or 'aid'. You would 'støtte' a friend in a difficult time (emotional), but the state provides 'bistand' (financial/material). Finally, be careful with the plural. As mentioned, 'bistander' is technically possible but sounds very unnatural. Stick to the singular form even when talking about multiple instances of aid.

To truly master Norwegian, you need to know when to choose bistand over its synonyms. The most common alternatives are hjelp, støtte, assistanse, and bidrag. Each has a specific 'flavor' and context.

Hjelp (Help)
The universal word. Use this for everything from 'Help, I'm lost!' to 'Thanks for the help with the dishes.' It is the most versatile but least formal.
Støtte (Support)
Often implies emotional support or financial backing (like a subsidy/stipend). 'Statlig støtte' is common for arts and culture, whereas 'statlig bistand' is for social welfare or foreign aid.
Assistanse (Assistance)
Very close to bistand, but often used for technical or mechanical help. For example, 'veiassistanse' (roadside assistance) for your car.

Sammenligning:
1. Gi meg en hånd (Informal)
2. Kan du hjelpe meg? (Neutral)
3. Vi trenger faglig bistand. (Formal/Professional)

Another word to consider is bidrag (contribution). While bistand implies a helping relationship where one party is in need, bidrag is more neutral—it's just something you 'add' to a whole. You might provide a bidrag to a discussion, but you provide bistand to a victim. Understanding these shades of meaning will help you navigate professional environments in Norway with confidence. If you're writing a formal letter, choosing bistand shows you respect the recipient's professional status.

How Formal Is It?

豆知識

The word is a 'calque' or loan translation that exists in almost all Germanic languages (German: Beistand, Dutch: bijstand).

発音ガイド

UK /ˈbiː.stɑnd/
US /ˈbiː.stɑnd/
Stress is on the first syllable: BI-stand.
韻が合う語
forstand avstand motstand tilstand oppstand vann land sand
よくある間違い
  • Pronouncing 'bi' like the English 'by' (should be 'bee').
  • Pronouncing 'stand' like the English 'stand' (should be 'stahnd').
  • Swallowing the 'd' at the end too much.
  • Using the English 'sh' sound for 'st'.
  • Confusing the stress with the verb 'bistå' (where stress is on 'stå').

難易度

読解 3/5

Common in newspapers and official documents.

ライティング 4/5

Requires knowledge of formal collocations like 'yte'.

スピーキング 4/5

Often replaced by 'hjelp' in casual speech.

リスニング 3/5

Clear pronunciation, very common in news broadcasts.

次に学ぶべきこと

前提知識

hjelp støtte gi penger land

次に学ぶ

utvikling samarbeid regjering tiltak ressurser

上級

legitimitet implementering subsidiaritet allokering forvaltning
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レベル別の例文

1

Jeg trenger litt hjelp.

I need a little help.

A1 uses 'hjelp' instead of 'bistand'.

2

Kan du hjelpe meg?

Can you help me?

Common question form.

3

Takk for hjelpen!

Thanks for the help!

Definite form of 'hjelp'.

4

Han gir penger til de fattige.

He gives money to the poor.

Simple sentence about giving.

5

De er snille og hjelper oss.

They are kind and help us.

Verb 'hjelper'.

6

Røde Kors er en organisasjon.

The Red Cross is an organization.

Introducing aid context.

7

Barnet trenger hjelp med leksene.

The child needs help with homework.

Everyday help.

8

Vi må hjelpe hverandre.

We must help each other.

Reflexive/Reciprocal context.

1

Organisasjonen gir bistand til flyktninger.

The organization gives aid to refugees.

Using 'bistand' for organizational aid.

2

Takk for din bistand i denne saken.

Thank you for your assistance in this matter.

Formal thank you.

3

Han jobber med bistand i Afrika.

He works with aid in Africa.

Bistand as a field of work.

4

Politiet ga ham nødvendig bistand.

The police gave him necessary assistance.

Official assistance.

5

Vi søker om økonomisk bistand.

We are applying for financial aid.

Phrase: økonomisk bistand.

6

Trenger du juridisk bistand?

Do you need legal assistance?

Phrase: juridisk bistand.

7

De fikk bistand fra staten.

They received aid from the state.

Preposition 'fra'.

8

Bistand er viktig for fattige land.

Aid is important for poor countries.

General statement.

1

Norge yter bistand til mange utviklingsland.

Norway provides aid to many developing countries.

Verb 'yte'.

2

Bistandsarbeideren reiste til jordskjelvområdet.

The aid worker traveled to the earthquake area.

Compound: bistandsarbeider.

3

Regjeringen har økt budsjettet for bistand.

The government has increased the budget for aid.

Noun in a political context.

4

Ofre for vold har rett til bistandsadvokat.

Victims of violence have the right to a victim's lawyer.

Compound: bistandsadvokat.

5

Utenlandsk bistand kan bidra til vekst.

Foreign aid can contribute to growth.

Adjective 'utenlandsk'.

6

Vi må evaluere effekten av denne bistanden.

We must evaluate the effect of this aid.

Definite form 'bistanden'.

7

Det er snakk om teknisk bistand til prosjektet.

It is about technical assistance for the project.

Phrase: teknisk bistand.

8

Hun ba om bistand til å fylle ut skjemaet.

She asked for assistance to fill out the form.

Formal request.

1

Politiet anmodet om bistand fra Forsvaret.

The police requested assistance from the Armed Forces.

Formal verb 'anmodet'.

2

Bistandens hovedmål er å redusere fattigdom.

The aid's main goal is to reduce poverty.

Genitive form 'bistandens'.

3

Det ytes bistand i form av mat og medisiner.

Aid is provided in the form of food and medicine.

Passive voice 'ytes'.

4

Norsk bistandspolitikk er ofte gjenstand for debatt.

Norwegian aid policy is often the subject of debate.

Compound: bistandspolitikk.

5

Humanitær bistand må nå frem til de trengende.

Humanitarian aid must reach those in need.

Adjective 'humanitær'.

6

Selskapet tilbyr faglig bistand til sine klienter.

The company offers professional assistance to its clients.

Phrase: faglig bistand.

7

Bistand kan av og til skape avhengighet.

Aid can sometimes create dependency.

Abstract discussion.

8

Det er viktig med gjensidig bistand mellom etater.

It is important with mutual assistance between agencies.

Phrase: gjensidig bistand.

1

Bistandsmidlene må forvaltes på en transparent måte.

The aid funds must be managed in a transparent manner.

Compound: bistandsmidlene.

2

Kritikere hevder at bistanden er ineffektiv.

Critics claim that the aid is ineffective.

Subordinate clause.

3

Retten til juridisk bistand er fundamentalt i et demokrati.

The right to legal aid is fundamental in a democracy.

Abstract philosophical statement.

4

Vi må se på bistand i et større geopolitisk perspektiv.

We must look at aid in a larger geopolitical perspective.

Academic phrasing.

5

Bistandsadvokaten ivaretar fornærmedes interesser.

The victim's lawyer looks after the interests of the aggrieved party.

Specific legal terminology.

6

Det ble gitt bistand til implementering av nye datasystemer.

Assistance was given for the implementation of new computer systems.

Technical/Professional context.

7

Sanksjoner og bistand brukes ofte som diplomatiske verktøy.

Sanctions and aid are often used as diplomatic tools.

Political science context.

8

Bistandens rolle i konfliktløsning er omdiskutert.

The role of aid in conflict resolution is debated.

High-level discussion.

1

Bistandsarkitekturen har gjennomgått store endringer de siste tiårene.

The aid architecture has undergone major changes in recent decades.

Metaphorical use: bistandsarkitektur.

2

Det er en hårfin balanse mellom bistand og innblanding.

There is a fine line between aid and interference.

Idiomatic expression 'hårfin balanse'.

3

Bistanden kanaliseres gjennom multilaterale organisasjoner.

The aid is channeled through multilateral organizations.

Verb 'kanaliseres'.

4

Eksperten ytet bistand i utformingen av den nye loven.

The expert provided assistance in the drafting of the new law.

Formal professional context.

5

Bistandens legitimitet avhenger av målbare resultater.

The legitimacy of aid depends on measurable results.

Abstract academic noun usage.

6

Man må unngå at bistand fører til 'brain drain'.

One must avoid that aid leads to 'brain drain'.

Socio-economic discussion.

7

Bistandstiltakene ble iverksatt med umiddelbar virkning.

The aid measures were implemented with immediate effect.

Compound: bistandstiltakene.

8

Denne typen bistand fordrer et tett samarbeid med lokale aktører.

This type of aid requires close cooperation with local actors.

Formal verb 'fordrer'.

よく使う組み合わせ

yte bistand
økonomisk bistand
juridisk bistand
teknisk bistand
humanitær bistand
be om bistand
internasjonal bistand
gjensidig bistand
medisinsk bistand
militær bistand

よく使うフレーズ

fri rettshjelp

— Free legal aid provided by the state to those with low income.

Han kvalifiserte for fri rettshjelp.

bistand til selvhjelp

— The principle of helping people so they can eventually help themselves.

Vårt mål er bistand til selvhjelp.

ytre bistand

— To provide or render assistance in a formal capacity.

Vi er her for å yte bistand.

be om bistand

— To officially request help, often between government agencies.

Politiet ba om bistand fra Kripos.

motta bistand

— To receive aid or support.

Landet mottar bistand fra Norge.

gi bistand

— To give aid (slightly less formal than yte).

De ga bistand til ofrene.

faglig bistand

— Professional or expert advice/support.

Vi trenger faglig bistand i denne saken.

nødvendig bistand

— Necessary assistance as required by law or situation.

Pasienten fikk nødvendig bistand.

sosial bistand

— Social assistance or welfare support.

Han lever på sosial bistand.

utenlandsk bistand

— Foreign aid from other countries.

Utenlandsk bistand er livsviktig.

慣用句と表現

"å yte sin skjerv"

— To contribute one's small part to a larger cause or aid effort.

Alle må yte sin skjerv til bistandsprosjektet.

literary
"en hjelpende hånd"

— Giving physical or practical help (similar to bistand but informal).

Han trengte en hjelpende hånd.

neutral
"stå last og brast"

— To stand by someone through thick and thin (related to the root of bistand).

De sto last og brast med hverandre.

idiomatic
"å trå til"

— To step in and help when needed.

Naboene trådte til med bistand etter brannen.

informal
"være til unnsetning"

— To come to the rescue.

Redningsskøyta var raskt til unnsetning.

formal
"gi en dytt"

— To give a push or initial help.

Bistanden ga økonomien en dytt i riktig retning.

informal
"å bære frukter"

— To bear fruit (often said of successful aid projects).

Bistanden begynner endelig å bære frukter.

metaphorical
"å kaste penger ut av vinduet"

— To waste money (often used by critics of foreign aid).

Kritikere mener bistand er å kaste penger ut av vinduet.

informal
"i nødens stund"

— In the hour of need.

Bistanden kom i nødens stund.

literary
"å dra lasset sammen"

— To pull the load together (communal effort).

Vi må dra lasset sammen for å gi god bistand.

idiomatic

語族

名詞

bistandsarbeid
bistandsbudsjett
bistandsadvokat
bistandsmottaker
bistandsyter

動詞

bistå

形容詞

bistandsrelatert

関連

hjelp
støtte
assistanse
nødhjelp
utviklingshjelp
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暗記しよう

記憶術

Think of 'standing by' someone. 'Bi' (by) + 'stand' (stand). If you stand by someone, you give them 'bistand'.

視覚的連想

Imagine a person standing next to someone who is sitting down, holding a formal contract or a bag of money. The person standing is the 'bistandsyter'.

Word Web

Utvikling Penger Politi Advokat Hjelp Støtte Stat FN

チャレンジ

Write three sentences using 'bistand' in three different contexts: international, legal, and professional.

語源

From Middle Low German 'bistand', composed of 'bi' (by/beside) and 'stand' (standing). It entered Norwegian through trade and administrative influence during the Hanseatic period.

元の意味： To stand by someone or something; to provide support.

Germanic (Indo-European).

文化的な背景

Be aware that 'bistand' can sometimes be criticized as being 'paternalistic' in political debates. Use it carefully when discussing sensitive international topics.

In English, we often use 'aid' for countries and 'assistance' for technical things. Norwegian uses 'bistand' for both.

Norad (Norwegian Agency for Development Cooperation) Bistandsaktuelt (A Norwegian magazine about global development) The Norwegian 'Bistandsinstruks' for police-military cooperation

実生活で練習する

実際の使用場面

International Relations

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