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A2 verb 13分で読める

rallar

練習する例文メモとヒント rallar 30秒で

解説 rallar in your Level:

At the A1 level, you should focus on the most literal meaning of 'ralar': to grate food. This is a very useful word if you are learning to follow simple recipes or if you are helping someone in the kitchen. You will mostly use it with common foods like 'queijo' (cheese) and 'cenoura' (carrot). At this stage, you don't need to worry about the figurative meanings. Just remember that it is a regular '-ar' verb, so it conjugates just like 'falar' (to speak) or 'estudar' (to study). For example: 'Eu ralo' (I grate), 'Você rala' (You grate). You might see this word on food packaging or in a cooking video. It is a 'doing' word that describes a specific physical action. Imagine yourself using a metal tool to turn a big block of cheese into small pieces—that action is 'ralar'. If you go to a restaurant and want extra grated cheese, you might hear the waiter ask if you want 'queijo ralado' (grated cheese). This '-ado' ending makes it an adjective, describing the state of the cheese. Learning 'ralar' at A1 helps you build your basic 'survival' vocabulary for the home and kitchen.

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By the A2 level, you can begin to expand your use of 'ralar' beyond just cheese and carrots. You will start to encounter it in the context of minor physical injuries. For instance, if you fall down, you might 'ralar o joelho' (scrape your knee). This is a very common way to describe a superficial skin abrasion. Additionally, you will start to hear the word used informally in Brazil to mean 'to work hard'. While 'trabalhar' is the standard word for 'to work', 'ralar' adds a layer of effort and struggle. An A2 student should be able to understand a sentence like 'Eu ralo muito no meu trabalho' (I work very hard at my job). You should also be comfortable with the past tense: 'Ontem eu ralei o queijo para o jantar' (Yesterday I grated the cheese for dinner). At this level, you are moving from simple identification to using the word in more natural, everyday contexts. You'll notice it in conversations about daily routines and chores. It's a great 'flavor' word that makes your Portuguese sound more like a native speaker's, especially if you use it to complain slightly about how much you have to do!

At the B1 level, you should be comfortable with 'ralar' in all its common forms, including its idiomatic uses in Brazil. You will understand that 'ralação' (the noun form) refers to the 'grind' or the hard work of daily life. You can use 'ralar' to describe not just physical work, but also mental effort, such as 'ralar para passar no exame' (toiling to pass the exam). In B1, you should also be aware of the reflexive use 'ralar-se' which is more common in European Portuguese to mean 'to worry'. For example, 'Não te rales' (Don't worry). This distinction between Brazilian and European usage is important as you become more proficient. You should also be able to use the verb in more complex sentence structures, such as using it with auxiliary verbs: 'Eu tive que ralar muito para terminar isso' (I had to work very hard to finish this). Your understanding of 'ralar' should now include the sense of persistence and the physical or emotional 'friction' that the word implies. You might also encounter it in more diverse culinary contexts, such as grating zest ('raspas') from a lemon, though 'raspar' is also used for that.

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At the B2 level, you have a nuanced understanding of 'ralar'. you can use it to describe social dynamics and the 'hustle' culture in Brazil. You understand the cultural weight of the word—how it reflects a society where many people have to work multiple jobs or very long hours to survive. You can use 'ralar' sarcastically or emphatically. You are also familiar with related expressions and can distinguish 'ralar' from more formal synonyms like 'labutar' or 'desgastar'. In a culinary sense, you might use 'ralar' in more technical descriptions of food preparation. You also understand the use of 'ralar' in specific slang contexts, such as dance (e.g., 'ralar o tchan') or interpersonal friction. You can accurately use the verb in the subjunctive mood to express desires or hypothetical situations: 'Espero que você não precise ralar tanto quanto eu' (I hope you don't have to toil as much as I do). Your vocabulary is rich enough that 'ralar' is just one of many tools you have to describe effort, and you know exactly when to pick it over 'trabalhar' or 'esforçar-se' to achieve the right tone.

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By C1, 'ralar' is a word you use with total spontaneity and native-like precision. You are aware of its etymological roots and how it has evolved differently in various Lusophone cultures. You can appreciate the word's presence in literature and music, recognizing it as a marker of 'brasileiridade' (Brazilian-ness) when used to describe the struggle of the common man. You can use 'ralar' in abstract ways, perhaps describing how a difficult relationship 'ralou' (wore down) someone's patience. You are sensitive to the registers of the word—knowing that while it's perfect for a bar conversation or a kitchen, it should be replaced by 'empenhar-se' or 'dedicar-se' in a formal report. You also understand the subtle difference between 'ralar' and 'esfolar' in a medical or descriptive context. Your ability to play with the word—using it in puns or complex metaphors—is a sign of your advanced proficiency. You might even use it to describe the physical process of erosion in a geographical context, though more specialized terms exist, 'ralar' could be used metaphorically to describe the sea 'grating' against the cliffs.

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At the C2 level, your mastery of 'ralar' is complete. You understand its deepest connotations, including its historical usage and its role in defining the 'ethos' of work in different Portuguese-speaking regions. You can analyze the sociolinguistic implications of 'ralação' in Brazilian society, perhaps in an academic or journalistic context. You are familiar with rare or archaic uses of the verb and its derivatives. You can effortlessly switch between the literal culinary meaning, the common 'hard work' slang, and the more obscure reflexive 'worry' meaning found in older texts. You could write a poem or a high-level essay where 'ralar' serves as a central metaphor for the human condition—the constant friction between the individual and the world. You have an intuitive sense of the word's rhythm and how it fits into the prosody of a sentence. For you, 'ralar' is not just a verb; it's a versatile linguistic cell that can be adapted to any context, from the most mundane kitchen task to the most profound philosophical observation about effort and existence.

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練習する例文メモとヒント

rallar 30秒で

Ralar primarily means to grate food like cheese or coconut using a grater (ralador).
In Brazil, it is a very common slang term for working extremely hard or toiling.
It is used to describe scraping skin (like a knee) or surfaces through friction.
In European Portuguese, the reflexive 'ralar-se' can mean to worry or be bothered.

The Portuguese verb ralar is primarily associated with the kitchen, but its utility extends far beyond the culinary world into the realms of hard work, physical effort, and even interpersonal annoyance. At its most basic level, ralar means to grate—the act of reducing a solid object, typically food like cheese, carrots, or coconut, into small shreds or particles using a tool called a ralador (grater). This physical action involves repetitive, forceful motion against a rough surface, which provides the perfect metaphor for the word's secondary, and arguably more common, usage in Brazil: to work extremely hard or to struggle through a difficult task.

Culinary Context: In a recipe, you will see 'ralar' used for ingredients like 'queijo parmesão' (parmesan cheese), 'noz-moscada' (nutmeg), or 'mandioca' (cassava). It implies the use of a manual or electric grater to change the texture of the food.
Colloquial Context (Brazil): In Brazil, 'ralar' is synonymous with 'trabalhar muito' (to work a lot). If someone says 'Eu ralei muito para conseguir este emprego', they mean they put in a massive amount of effort, sweat, and perhaps even tears.
Physical Injury: It is also used when someone scrapes their skin against a rough surface, like asphalt. 'Eu caí de bicicleta e ralei o joelho' (I fell off the bike and scraped my knee).

Você precisa ralar o queijo antes de colocar no forno.

Translation: You need to grate the cheese before putting it in the oven.

Understanding 'ralar' requires recognizing the 'friction' inherent in the word. Whether it is the friction of cheese against metal or a person against the demands of a low-paying job, the essence remains the same: a process of wearing down or being worn down to achieve a result. In European Portuguese, the figurative use for 'working hard' is less common than in Brazil, where 'ralação' (the act of grating/hard work) is a standard part of the vocabulary for the daily grind. In some contexts, particularly in Portugal, 'ralar-se' (reflexive) can mean to worry or to be bothered, though this is becoming less frequent in modern urban speech compared to 'preocupar-se'.

Nós ralamos o dia inteiro naquele escritório quente.

Translation: We toiled/slaved away all day in that hot office.

Ela não se rala com o que os outros dizem.

Translation (Portugal): She doesn't worry about what others say.

When you encounter 'ralar' in a text, first check the subject. If the subject is a cook, it's literal. If the subject is a student or a worker, it's likely about effort. If the subject is a child who fell down, it's about a scrape. This versatility makes it a core verb for A2 learners who are moving from basic survival Portuguese to more expressive, natural communication. It captures a specific type of effort that 'trabalhar' (to work) simply doesn't convey—the sense of struggle and exhaustion.

O menino ralou o cotovelo no muro.

Translation: The boy scraped his elbow on the wall.

Grammar Note: 'Ralar' is a regular -ar verb. Its conjugation follows the standard pattern of 'falar' or 'cantar', making it easy to master once the meaning is understood.

Vou ralar um pouco de chocolate para o bolo.

Translation: I'm going to grate some chocolate for the cake.

Using ralar correctly depends heavily on the tense and the intent of the speaker. As a regular verb, it provides a stable foundation for learners. In the present tense, it often describes current kitchen actions or ongoing life struggles. In the past (pretérito perfeito), it usually refers to a specific instance of hard work or a completed culinary task. Let's explore the various ways this verb manifests in daily speech through different grammatical lenses.

The Imperative (Giving Instructions): In recipes, you'll see 'Rale o queijo' (Grate the cheese). It is a direct command. In a workplace context, a boss might say 'Vamos ralar, pessoal!' (Let's get to work/Let's sweat, folks!), which is more of an exhortation than a simple instruction.

Rale a cenoura bem fininha para a salada.

Translation: Grate the carrot very thinly for the salad.

When using the reflexive form ralar-se, the meaning shifts towards internal friction—worry. While more common in Portugal, it's useful to know. 'Não te rales com isso' means 'Don't worry about that'. However, in Brazil, if you say 'Eu me ralei', you usually mean you literally scraped your skin or, figuratively, you got yourself into a difficult, 'grating' situation.

Eles ralaram muito para pagar as dívidas.

Translation: They worked very hard to pay off the debts.

Another interesting usage is the gerund (gerúndio). In Brazil, 'estou ralando' is a very common answer to 'Como vai o trabalho?' (How is work?). It conveys that you are busy, perhaps stressed, but moving forward. It implies a level of grit and persistence. In the culinary sense, the gerund describes the ongoing action: 'Estou ralando o coco para o doce' (I am grating the coconut for the dessert).

Pare de ralar o queijo, já temos o suficiente.

Translation: Stop grating the cheese, we already have enough.

Prepositional Usage: When talking about scraping a body part, we use 'em' or 'no/na': 'Ralar o joelho no chão' (To scrape the knee on the ground). When talking about working hard, we often use 'para': 'Ralar para estudar' (To toil in order to study).

Ela rala a casca do limão para dar sabor.

Translation: She grates the lemon zest to add flavor.

In the future tense, 'vou ralar' can be a promise of effort. 'Eu vou ralar esse semestre para tirar notas boas' (I'm going to work my tail off this semester to get good grades). This shows the verb's strength in expressing determination. It's not just 'I will study'; it's 'I will endure the friction of study'.

Se você não ralar, não vai conseguir a promoção.

Translation: If you don't work hard, you won't get the promotion.

O cozinheiro ralou o dedo sem querer.

Translation: The cook accidentally grated his finger.

Finally, consider the passive voice, though rare: 'O queijo foi ralado' (The cheese was grated). This is mostly found in technical food processing descriptions. In daily life, sticking to the active voice with 'ralar' is more authentic and punchy.

If you spend any time in a Brazilian household, 'ralar' will become a staple of your auditory environment. Its presence is split between the literal steam of the kitchen and the metaphorical sweat of the street. Let's break down the specific environments where you are most likely to encounter this versatile verb.

The Kitchen (A Cozinha): Whether it's a mother preparing 'bolo de milho' (corn cake) or a chef in a restaurant, 'ralar' is the sound of preparation. You'll hear: 'Pode ralar o queijo para mim?' (Can you grate the cheese for me?). It's an essential verb for anyone wanting to participate in Portuguese-speaking food culture.

Na feira, o homem rala o coco na hora.

Translation: At the market, the man grates the coconut on the spot.

Moving away from the stove, 'ralar' dominates the discourse of the working class. In Brazil, the term 'ralação' is used to describe the daily hustle. You'll hear people on the bus or subway saying, 'A ralação hoje foi pesada' (The hustle today was heavy). It's a word of solidarity among those who work long hours for little pay. It carries a sense of shared burden and resilience.

A gente rala, mas a gente se diverte.

Translation: We work hard, but we have fun.

In schools and universities, you'll hear students talking about 'ralar para a prova' (toiling for the exam). It suggests a level of study that goes beyond reading—it's intensive, grueling, and focused. If a student says they 'ralaram muito', they are signaling that they didn't just study; they sacrificed sleep and leisure.

Tive que ralar bastante para passar em Medicina.

Translation: I had to work very hard to get into Medical School.

Sports and Physical Activity: In football (soccer) or skating, 'ralar' is the verb of the injury. 'Ralei a perna no gramado sintético' (I scraped my leg on the synthetic grass). It's the standard way to describe a non-serious but painful skin abrasion.

Cuidado para não ralar o carro no portão.

Translation: Be careful not to scrape the car on the gate.

Finally, in more niche contexts like carpentry or DIY, 'ralar' can refer to sanding or smoothing a surface, though 'lixar' is the more precise term. However, in a pinch, 'ralar' conveys the idea of using friction to change a surface. Overall, 'ralar' is a word of the people—it's earthy, practical, and deeply embedded in the Brazilian identity of 'the survivor'.

Meu pai ralou a vida inteira na roça.

Translation: My father toiled his whole life in the countryside.

A gente ralou muito para montar esse evento.

Translation: We worked very hard to put this event together.

For English speakers, the verb ralar presents a few linguistic traps. While the literal meaning is straightforward, the nuances of its figurative use and its similarity to other Portuguese words can lead to confusion. Let's dissect the most common errors to ensure your usage is as sharp as a new grater.

Confusion with 'Ralhar': The most common phonetic mistake is confusing 'ralar' with 'ralhar'. 'Ralhar' means to scold or reprimand (like a parent to a child). If you tell someone you 'ralou' with your son, they will think you either grated him or worked hard with him, rather than scolded him. The 'lh' sound is crucial here.

Não confunda: ralar (grate) com ralhar (scold).

Another trap is the Spanish influence. In Spanish, 'rallar' (to grate) and 'rayar' (to scratch/line) are pronounced similarly in many dialects (yeísmo). In Portuguese, 'ralar' is specifically for grating or scraping skin, while 'riscar' or 'arranhar' is used for scratching a surface or drawing lines. Don't use 'ralar' if you just want to say you drew a line on a paper.

Erro comum: Usar 'ralar' para desenhar uma linha (correto: riscar).

Learners also struggle with the intensity of the figurative 'ralar'. It is not just 'to work'. It is 'to work hard'. Using it for a relaxed day at the office sounds sarcastic. If you had an easy day, use 'trabalhar'. If you are exhausted and feel like you've been through a meat grinder, use 'ralar'.

Eu ralei no escritório (I worked hard) vs. Eu trabalhei no escritório (I worked).

Overusing the Reflexive: In Brazil, 'ralar-se' is rare. If you say 'eu me ralei' to mean 'I worried', a Brazilian might look at you confused. They prefer 'eu me preocupei'. Stick to the non-reflexive 'ralar' for work and kitchen unless you are specifically in Portugal or reading older literature.

Evite: 'Eu me ralo com o futuro' (Melhor: Eu me preocupo).

Finally, watch out for the spelling. Because 'l' and 'lh' can sometimes be confused by beginners, and because Spanish has 'rallar', learners often add an extra 'l'. In Portuguese, it is always 'ralar' with a single 'l'. Adding a second 'l' makes it a non-existent word in the Portuguese dictionary.

Correto: ralar. Errado: rallar.

Ele ralou o queijo para o macarrão.

Correct culinary usage.

While ralar is the go-to word for grating, Portuguese offers a rich palette of synonyms and related terms depending on the texture you want to achieve or the type of effort you are describing. Understanding these alternatives will help you sound more precise and sophisticated in your speech.

Triturar vs. Ralar: 'Triturar' means to crush or grind into very small pieces, often using a blender or food processor. While 'ralar' results in shreds or flakes, 'triturar' often results in a paste or a fine powder. You 'ralar' cheese for pizza, but you might 'triturar' garlic for a sauce.
Moer vs. Ralar: 'Moer' is to grind, specifically used for coffee beans (moer café) or meat (carne moída). It involves a crushing mechanism rather than the scraping action of 'ralar'.
Picar vs. Ralar: 'Picar' means to chop or mince with a knife. If a recipe says 'picar a cebola', don't use a grater; use a knife. 'Ralar' is reserved for things that can be rubbed against a surface.

Eu prefiro ralar a cenoura, mas você pode picar.

Comparison: Grating vs. Chopping.

In the context of hard work, synonyms for 'ralar' include 'esforçar-se' (to make an effort), 'labutar' (to toil - more formal/literary), and 'suar a camisa' (to sweat the shirt - an idiom). While 'ralar' is the most common slang, 'suar a camisa' is equally expressive and widely understood in Brazil.

Ele suou a camisa para terminar o projeto.

Idiomatic alternative to 'ralar'.

For skin scrapes, you can use 'esfolar'. 'Esfolar' is slightly more clinical or severe than 'ralar'. If you 'ralou o joelho', it's a standard scrape. If you 'esfolou o joelho', it might imply you've actually removed a significant layer of skin (flaying). For cars or furniture, 'arranhar' (to scratch) is usually better than 'ralar', unless the damage covers a wide area through friction.

O gato arranhou o sofá, mas eu ralei a mesa na parede.

Comparison: Scratching vs. Scraping/Gratings.

Formal Alternatives for 'Ralar' (Work): In a job interview, don't say 'Eu ralo muito'. Instead, use 'Sou uma pessoa muito dedicada' or 'Tenho uma forte ética de trabalho'. 'Ralar' is too informal for professional self-promotion.

In summary, choose 'ralar' for everyday kitchen tasks, describing a tough day to friends, or explaining a minor bike fall. Use its synonyms when you need to be more technical, formal, or describe different types of physical destruction.

Preciso moer o café e ralar o queijo.

Using precise culinary verbs.

How Formal Is It?

豆知識

The word 'ralo' (drain) comes from the same root because a drain often has a 'grated' or 'perforated' surface.

発音ガイド

UK /ʁɐˈlaɾ/

US /haˈlaʁ/

Second syllable (la).

韻が合う語

falar cantar andar olhar estar lugar mar par

よくある間違い

Pronouncing the initial 'r' like an English 'r' (it should be 'h').
Confusing 'ralar' with 'ralhar' (scold).
Pronouncing it like the Spanish 'rallar' (with a rolled 'r').
Making the 'l' sound like a 'w' (rawar), which is incorrect in this position.
Stress on the first syllable (RA-lar) instead of the second (ra-LAR).

難易度

読解 2/5

Easy to recognize in context, especially in recipes.

ライティング 3/5

Simple regular conjugation, but remember the single 'l'.

スピーキング 3/5

Requires mastering the guttural 'r' and clear 'l'.

リスニング 4/5

Can be confused with 'ralhar' or spoken very quickly in slang.

次に学ぶべきこと

前提知識

trabalhar queijo comer ferramenta corpo

次に学ぶ

esfolar triturar esforçar-se dedicação labuta

上級

mesóclise derivação sufixal metaforização

知っておくべき文法

Regular -ar Verb Conjugation

Eu ralo, você rala, nós ralamos, eles ralam.

Pretérito Perfeito for completed actions

Ontem eu ralei o queijo.

Imperative for instructions

Rale a cenoura agora.

Reflexive pronouns for self-injury

Eu me ralei.

Subjunctive for hypothetical effort

Se eu ralar, conseguirei.

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レベル別の例文

Eu ralo o queijo para a massa.

I grate the cheese for the pasta.

Present tense, 1st person singular.

Você rala a cenoura?

Do you grate the carrot?

Present tense question.

Ela rala o chocolate.

She grates the chocolate.

Present tense, 3rd person singular.

Nós ralamos o coco hoje.

We grated the coconut today.

Pretérito perfeito (past tense).

Eles ralam muito queijo.

They grate a lot of cheese.

Present tense, 3rd person plural.

Rale a batata, por favor.

Grate the potato, please.

Imperative (command).

O menino rala a maçã.

The boy grates the apple.

Subject + Verb + Object.

Eu não ralo o dedo.

I don't grate my finger.

Negative sentence.

Eu ralei o joelho no parque.

I scraped my knee at the park.

Past tense, physical injury context.

Nós ralamos muito no trabalho ontem.

We worked very hard at work yesterday.

Figurative use: working hard.

Você precisa ralar para ganhar dinheiro.

You need to toil to earn money.

Infinitive after 'precisa'.

Ela rala a casca do limão para o bolo.

She grates the lemon zest for the cake.

Culinary detail.

Eles ralam o dia todo na obra.

They toil all day at the construction site.

Figurative use: manual labor.

Eu ralei meu braço na parede.

I scraped my arm on the wall.

Past tense, accident.

Rale bem fino o queijo parmesão.

Grate the parmesan cheese very finely.

Adverbial phrase 'bem fino'.

Ela rala para sustentar a família.

She toils to support her family.

Expressing purpose with 'para'.

A gente rala, mas no fim vale a pena.

We toil, but in the end it's worth it.

Colloquial 'a gente' + 3rd person singular.

Não se rale com essas bobagens.

Don't worry about those nonsenses.

Reflexive (Portugal) meaning 'to worry'.

Ele rala o queijo enquanto eu preparo o molho.

He grates the cheese while I prepare the sauce.

Conjunction 'enquanto'.

Tivemos que ralar muito para bater a meta.

We had to work very hard to hit the target.

Compound past tense 'tivemos que'.

Ela vive ralando o joelho porque é distraída.

She is always scraping her knee because she is distracted.

Gerund expressing habitual action.

Eu me ralei todo tentando consertar o carro.

I got all scraped up trying to fix the car.

Reflexive 'me ralei' (physical).

Ralar mandioca é um trabalho cansativo.

Grating cassava is a tiring job.

Gerund as a subject.

Se você ralar bastante, vai passar no concurso.

If you study/work very hard, you will pass the public exam.

Conditional 'se' + future subjunctive.

A ralação do dia a dia é exaustiva.

The daily grind is exhaustive.

Noun 'ralação' derived from 'ralar'.

Ele rala a vida para dar o melhor aos filhos.

He toils his life away to give the best to his children.

Metaphorical use of 'ralar a vida'.

É preciso ralar o coco antes de extrair o leite.

It is necessary to grate the coconut before extracting the milk.

Impersonal 'é preciso'.

Eles se ralam por qualquer motivo fútil.

They worry themselves over any trivial reason.

Reflexive (Portugal) 'se ralam'.

O asfalto rala a pele como se fosse lixa.

The asphalt scrapes the skin like sandpaper.

Simile with 'como se fosse'.

Apesar de ralar muito, ele nunca reclama.

Despite working very hard, he never complains.

Concessive 'apesar de'.

Ralaram-se as esperanças após o resultado.

Hopes were worn down/grated after the result.

Abstract passive-like use.

Vou ralar um pouco de noz-moscada nesta sopa.

I'm going to grate some nutmeg into this soup.

Future with 'vou'.

A burocracia rala a paciência de qualquer cidadão.

Bureaucracy wears down the patience of any citizen.

Abstract metaphorical subject.

O artista rala a pedra para criar a textura desejada.

The artist grates/scrapes the stone to create the desired texture.

Specialized artistic context.

Eles ralam-se mutuamente com críticas constantes.

They grate on each other with constant criticism.

Reciprocal reflexive.

A ralação constante impede o crescimento intelectual.

Constant toil prevents intellectual growth.

Sociological observation.

Ralar o queijo na hora faz toda a diferença no sabor.

Grating the cheese on the spot makes all the difference in flavor.

Culinary nuance.

O pneu ralou no meio-fio durante a manobra.

The tire scraped against the curb during the maneuver.

Mechanical/Driving context.

Não convém ralar-se por problemas que não podemos resolver.

It is not advisable to worry about problems we cannot solve.

Formal 'não convém' + reflexive.

A vida na cidade grande exige que se rale dobrado.

Life in the big city requires one to toil twice as hard.

Impersonal 'se' + subjunctive.

A erosão rala as falésias, esculpindo a costa.

Erosion grates the cliffs, sculpting the coast.

Geological metaphor.

O autor descreve a ralação da plebe com um realismo visceral.

The author describes the toil of the common people with visceral realism.

Literary analysis.

A engrenagem mal lubrificada começou a ralar o metal.

The poorly lubricated gear began to grate the metal.

Technical/Mechanical failure.

Há uma certa nobreza no ato de ralar pela própria subsistência.

There is a certain nobility in the act of toiling for one's own subsistence.

Philosophical statement.

O tempo rala as memórias, deixando apenas fragmentos.

Time wears down memories, leaving only fragments.

Poetic metaphor.

Ralar-se-ia ele se soubesse da gravidade da situação?

Would he worry if he knew the gravity of the situation?

Mesoclisis (very formal/archaic).

A fricção social rala as arestas das identidades individuais.

Social friction grates away the edges of individual identities.

Sociological metaphor.

O cozinheiro rala a trufa negra com uma reverência quase religiosa.

The cook grates the black truffle with an almost religious reverence.

High-level descriptive prose.

よく使う組み合わせ

ralar o queijo

ralar o joelho

ralar muito

ralar o coco

ralar no trabalho

ralar para estudar

ralar a cenoura

ralar o cotovelo

ralar a casca

ralar-se todo

よく使うフレーズ

Vou ralar agora.

— I'm going to work hard now or I'm going to start grating.

Tchau, pessoal, vou ralar agora na firma.

Rala, moleque!

— Work hard, kid! (or used as an encouragement to move/dance).

Rala, moleque, o futuro depende de você.

Que ralação!

— What a struggle! / What a lot of work!

Nossa, que ralação foi esse projeto!

Ralar o tchan

— A 90s dance reference; to dance rhythmically.

Todo mundo começou a ralar o tchan na festa.

Ralar a coxa

— To dance very close to someone (friction).

Eles ficaram ralando a coxa no forró.

Não se rale.

— Don't worry (Portugal).

Não se rale com isso, vai dar tudo certo.

Ralar o carro

— To scrape the car.

Cuidado para não ralar o carro na garagem.

Ralar a mão

— To scrape one's hand.

Ralei a mão tentando abrir a caixa.

Ralar para passar

— To work/study hard to pass something.

Vou ralar para passar na prova de direção.

Ralar no sol

— To toil under the sun.

Os pedreiros ralam no sol o dia inteiro.

よく混同される語

rallar vs ralhar

Means to scold. Sounds similar but has 'lh'.

rallar vs rolar

Means to roll or to happen. Vowel difference is key.

rallar vs raspar

Means to scrape or zest. Often interchangeable in the kitchen but 'raspar' is more for surfaces.

慣用句と表現

"Ralar o bucho"

— To work hard to get food/survive (literally 'grate the belly').

Trabalho desde cedo para ralar o bucho.

informal

"Ralar peito"

— To leave quickly; to clear out.

A polícia chegou e os ladrões ralaram peito.

slang

"Ralar a mandíbula"

— To talk too much (less common, usually 'dar com a língua nos dentes').

Ele ficou ralando a mandíbula a noite toda.

informal

"Ralar-se de inveja"

— To be consumed/eaten up by envy.

Ela se rala de inveja do sucesso da irmã.

informal

"Ralação brava"

— A very tough struggle or job.

A ralação foi brava, mas terminamos o serviço.

informal

"Ralar o lombo"

— To work so hard your back (lombo) hurts.

Ralei o lombo carregando aquelas caixas.

informal

"Ralar para o gasto"

— To work just enough to cover expenses.

Eu só ralo para o gasto, não quero ser rico.

informal

"Ralar a sola"

— To walk a lot (grate the sole of the shoe).

Ralei a sola procurando um emprego.

informal

"Ralar por nada"

— To work hard for no reward.

Sinto que estou ralando por nada nesta empresa.

informal

"Ralar o asfalto"

— To fall off a bike/motorcycle and scrape the ground.

Ele caiu da moto e ralou o asfalto.

informal

間違えやすい

rallar vs rallar (Spanish)

Cognate with different spelling.

Portuguese only uses one 'l'.

PT: ralar | ES: rallar

rallar vs ralo

Same root.

'Ralo' is the noun for a drain or an adjective for 'thin/watery'.

O ralo da pia está entupido.

rallar vs arranhar

Both involve friction.

'Arranhar' is a scratch (thin line), 'ralar' is a scrape (wide area).

O gato me arranhou.

rallar vs lixar

Both involve wearing down a surface.

'Lixar' is specifically with sandpaper.

Vou lixar a madeira.

rallar vs triturar

Culinary similarity.

'Triturar' uses blades to crush; 'ralar' use a rough surface.

Vou triturar o alho.

文型パターン

Eu ralo [comida].

Eu ralo o queijo.

Eu ralei o [parte do corpo].

Eu ralei o joelho.

Eu ralo muito no [lugar].

Eu ralo muito no escritório.

Tive que ralar para [verbo].

Tive que ralar para comprar o carro.

A [coisa abstrata] rala a [sentimento].

A rotina rala a alma.

Ralar-se-ia se [condição].

Ralar-se-ia se soubesse a verdade.

Rale a [comida] [advérbio].

Rale a cenoura finamente.

Não se rale com [coisa].

Não se rale com o trânsito.

語族

名詞

ralador (grater)

ralação (hard work/the act of grating)

raladura (the scrapings/shreds)

動詞

ralar (to grate/toil)

ralar-se (to worry)

形容詞

ralado (grated/scraped/exhausted)

ralador (grating - as an attribute)

使い方

frequency

High (especially in Brazil)

よくある間違い

Eu rallo o queijo. → Eu ralo o queijo.
In Portuguese, 'ralar' has only one 'l'. Two 'l's are used in Spanish.
Eu ralei com meu filho porque ele não estudou. → Eu ralhei com meu filho porque ele não estudou.
'Ralhar' (to scold) is different from 'ralar' (to grate/toil).
Eu ralei uma linha no papel. → Eu risquei uma linha no papel.
'Ralar' is for grating or scraping wide areas, not for drawing lines.
Eu me ralo muito no trabalho. → Eu ralo muito no trabalho.
In the sense of working hard, 'ralar' is usually not reflexive in Brazil.
Vou ralar a carne para o jantar. → Vou moer a carne para o jantar.
Meat is ground (moer), not usually grated (ralar).

ヒント

Kitchen Mastery

Always use 'ralar' for cheese, carrots, and coconut. It's the most natural word for these ingredients.

Embrace the Hustle

If you want to sound Brazilian, use 'ralar' instead of 'trabalhar' when you are complaining about a long day.

The Guttural R

The first 'r' in 'ralar' should sound like you are clearing your throat slightly, like the 'h' in 'hat' but stronger.

Regular is Reliable

Don't overthink the conjugation. If you know 'falar', you know 'ralar'. It follows the pattern perfectly.

Brazilian Identity

Understand that 'ralar' is a word of pride for many Brazilians who work hard to overcome adversity.

Injury Talk

Use 'ralar o joelho' for kids. It's the standard phrase for that specific playground injury.

Ralar vs Ralhar

Listen for the 'y' sound in 'ralhar'. If you don't hear it, they are talking about grating or working.

Queijo Ralado

In Brazil, 'queijo ralado' usually refers to the dried, salty parmesan powder in packets. For fresh, say 'ralado na hora'.

Single L

Never write 'rallar'. It's a common mistake for those who also study Spanish.

Ralar Peito

Use 'ralar peito' when you want to say someone 'bolted' or 'ran away' suddenly.

暗記しよう

記憶術

Think of a 'Grater' (Ralador). When you work hard, you are being 'grated' by the pressures of life. Ralar = Grater/Toil.

視覚的連想

Imagine a giant block of cheese being rubbed against a metal grater until it disappears. That 'wearing down' is 'ralar'.

Word Web

Queijo Cenoura Trabalho Suor Joelho Ralador Esforço Cozinha

チャレンジ

Try to use 'ralar' in three different ways today: once for food, once for a scrape, and once to describe your day.

語源

From the Latin 'radulare', a frequentative of 'radere' (to scrape/shave).

元の意味： To scrape repeatedly or to thin out.

Romance (Latin root).

文化的な背景

Be careful using 'ralar' in very formal business meetings; it's quite informal.

English speakers often use 'to grind' in a similar way (the daily grind), which perfectly matches the figurative 'ralar'.

É o Tchan - 'Segura o Tchan' (Song) MasterChef Brasil (Frequent culinary use) Cidade de Deus (Used in dialogue about life's struggles)

実生活で練習する

実際の使用場面

Cooking

Rale o queijo.
Onde está o ralador?
Rale a noz-moscada.
Preciso de queijo ralado.

Workplace (Informal)

Estou ralando muito.
A ralação está brava.
Vamos ralar!
Ralei para terminar isso.

Accidents

Ralei meu joelho.
Ele ralou o braço.
Cuidado para não se ralar.
O carro ralou no muro.

Education

Ralei para a prova.
Tive que ralar no TCC.
Estou ralando nos estudos.
Ralar para passar.

Interpersonal (Portugal)

Não se rale.
Não me ralo com isso.
Ele se rala por tudo.
Por que você se rala?

会話のきっかけ

"Você prefere ralar o queijo na hora ou comprar pronto?"

"Qual foi a vez que você mais ralou na vida para conseguir algo?"

"Você já ralou o joelho feio quando era criança?"

"O que você faz quando está ralando demais e precisa relaxar?"

"No seu país, as pessoas ralam tanto quanto no Brasil?"

日記のテーマ

Descreva um dia em que você teve que ralar muito no trabalho ou nos estudos.

Escreva uma receita simples que envolva ralar algum ingrediente.

Como você lida com a ralação do dia a dia?

Você acha que ralar muito é necessário para o sucesso?

Conte uma história sobre um pequeno acidente onde você ralou alguma parte do corpo.

よくある質問

10 問

No, it literally means to grate food. The 'work hard' meaning is a very common Brazilian slang, but in a kitchen, it's literal. For example, 'Vou ralar o queijo' means you are literally grating cheese.

Yes, but mostly in the literal sense (to grate) or the reflexive sense (to worry). The slang for 'working hard' is much more typical of Brazil.

You say 'queijo ralado'. It is a very common item in Brazilian supermarkets and restaurants.

Yes, if you scrape the side of your car against a wall, you can say 'ralei o carro'. If it's just a small line, 'arranhei' is better.

The tool is called a 'ralador' (grater). It can be manual or electric.

The culinary meaning is neutral. The 'work hard' meaning is informal/slang. Avoid the slang in formal writing.

'Ralação' is a noun meaning the act of grating or, more commonly, a period of hard, exhausting work or struggle.

Yes! 'Ralar para a prova' means to study very hard, implying you are 'grinding' through the material.

'Ralar' usually implies using a grater to create shreds. 'Raspar' means to scrape a surface, like getting the zest off a lemon or scraping paint off a wall.

It's regular: eu ralei, você ralou, ele/ela ralou, nós ralamos, vocês/eles/elas ralaram.

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