B1 · 中級 チャプター 32

Conditionals and Hypotheticals

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10 例文
1 分
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Chapter in 30 Seconds

Unlock the power of 'what if' and express your deepest dreams using the simple particle 'бы'.

  • Construct hypothetical sentences using the particle 'бы'.
  • Express wishes and desires about the present and future.
  • Give polite advice using the 'If I were you' structure.
Master the logic of Russian hypotheticals with one tiny word.

学べること

Forming 'if' clauses and hypothetical situations. Using the subjunctive mood.

Learning Objectives

By the end of this chapter, you will be able to:

  1. 1
    By the end you will be able to formulate complex 'if-then' sentences to describe unreal or hypothetical situations.
  2. 2
    By the end you will be able to give advice to friends using the conditional mood naturally.

重要な例文 (2)

1

Я бы купил этот телефон, но он слишком дорогой.

I would buy this phone, but it's too expensive.

ロシア語の仮定法：「〜だろうに」(бы) の使い方
2

Если бы у меня было время, я бы посмотрел этот сериал.

If I had time, I would watch this series.

ロシア語の仮定法：「〜だろうに」(бы) の使い方

ヒントとコツ (1)

🎯

The 'Double Бы' Rule

In English, we say 'If I had money, I would buy it.' In Russian, you MUST use бы in both parts: 'Если БЫ у меня были деньги, я БЫ купил это.'
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: ロシア語の仮定法：「〜だろうに」(бы) の使い方

重要な語彙 (7)

если if бы would / conditional particle желание desire / wish возможность opportunity / possibility советовать to advise ситуация situation мечтать to dream

Real-World Preview

banknote

Winning the Lottery

Review Summary

  • Если бы + [Past Tense], [Subject] + бы + [Past Tense]

よくある間違い

You must use 'бы' in BOTH the 'if' clause and the 'result' clause. Also, the result must be in the past tense form, not the future.

Wrong: Если я бы знал, я скажу тебе.
正解: Если бы я знал, я бы сказал тебе.

Learners often try to use the present tense. Russian conditionals strictly require the past tense form after 'бы'.

Wrong: Если бы я имею время...
正解: Если бы у меня было время...

The particle 'бы' cannot be used with present tense verbs. It only functions with the infinitive (in some cases) or the past tense.

Wrong: Я бы читаю эту книгу.
正解: Я бы прочитал эту книгу.

Next Steps

Fantastic work! You've just mastered one of the most expressive parts of Russian grammar. Being able to talk about 'what if' makes you a much more engaging conversationalist.

Write down 5 things you would do if you won a free trip to Russia.

Practice saying 'На вашем месте, я бы...' (In your place, I would...) followed by different advice.

Continue to: Participles and Gerunds

クイック練習 (2)

Which sentence is correct for a female speaker?

Choose the grammatically correct sentence:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Я бы хотела пойти.
Women must use the feminine past tense ending -ла.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: ロシア語の仮定法：「〜だろうに」(бы) の使い方

Find and fix the mistake in this 'if-then' sentence.

Find and fix the mistake:

Если я был дома, я бы поспал.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Если бы я был дома, я бы поспал.
In Russian conditional sentences, бы must appear in both the 'if' clause and the 'then' clause.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: ロシア語の仮定法：「〜だろうに」(бы) の使い方

Score: /2

よくある質問 (2)

It doesn't have a direct translation as a word, but it functions like the English 'would'. It turns a factual statement into a hypothetical one.
Usually right after the verb or after the subject. It's flexible, but я бы хотел or я хотел бы are the most common placements.
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Passive Voice Constructions
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Participles and Gerunds
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