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A1 verb 8分で読める

začeti

例文 メモとヒント začeti 30秒で
解説 začeti in your Level:
At the A1 level, you only need to know 'začeti' in its most basic form. You use it to talk about your daily routine, like when you start work or school. You should learn the present tense: 'začnem' (I start), 'začneš' (you start), 'začne' (he/she starts). Usually, you will follow it with another verb in the infinitive, like 'začnem kuhati' (I start to cook). It is one of the first verbs you learn because it helps you sequence your day. You might also use it with 'se' for things like 'film se začne' (the movie starts). At this stage, don't worry too much about complex grammar; just focus on the 'začnem' stem and the basic meaning of beginning an action.
At the A2 level, you begin to use 'začeti' in the past and future tenses. You should be comfortable saying 'Začel sem' (I started) or 'Bomo začeli' (We will start). You also start using the preposition 'z' with the instrumental case, such as 'začeti z delom' (to start with work). You understand the difference between you starting something and something starting on its own (using 'se'). You can describe when you started learning Slovenian or when you started a new hobby. Your sentences become slightly more complex as you connect 'začeti' with specific times and dates, like 'Tečaj se je začel v ponedeljek' (The course started on Monday).
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At the B1 level, you must master the aspectual difference between 'začeti' (perfective) and 'začenjati' (imperfective). You use 'začeti' for specific, completed starts and 'začenjati' for processes that are in the middle of starting or happen repeatedly. You can use 'začeti' in more abstract ways, like 'začeti novo življenje' (to start a new life). You also begin to use it in subordinate clauses, such as 'Ko sem začel delati, sem bil srečen' (When I started working, I was happy). You are expected to know the imperative form 'začni!' (start!) and 'začnimo!' (let's start!). You can also handle more complex instrumental case endings after 'z'.
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At the B2 level, you use 'začeti' in professional and academic contexts. You understand its role in formal writing and can use synonyms like 'pričeti' to vary your style. You can discuss the 'začetek' (beginning) of social movements or historical eras. You use the verb to describe the onset of emotions or physical states, such as 'začeti paničariti' (to start panicking). You are comfortable with the conditional form: 'Če bi začeli prej, bi že končali' (If we had started earlier, we would have finished already). You also recognize 'začeti' in more idiomatic expressions and can distinguish it from technical terms like 'zagnati' or 'sprožiti'.
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At the C1 level, your use of 'začeti' is nuanced and stylistically appropriate. You use it to structure complex arguments, perhaps using phrases like 'Začnimo pri dejstvu, da...' (Let's start with the fact that...). You understand the subtle differences in meaning when 'začeti' is used with different prefixes or in various registers. You can interpret literary uses where 'začeti' might imply a sudden or fateful beginning. You are also aware of the legal and administrative contexts where 'začeti postopek' (to start a procedure) has specific implications. Your mastery of the instrumental case is perfect, and you can use 'začeti' in the passive voice or in complex participial constructions.
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At the C2 level, you have a native-like command of 'začeti'. You use it effortlessly in all its forms, including archaic or highly poetic contexts. You can play with the word's meaning in wordplay or high-level rhetoric. You understand the etymological roots and how they relate to other Slavic languages. You can discuss the philosophy of 'starting' (začetnost) and use the verb in highly abstract, metaphorical ways that go beyond standard dictionary definitions. You are also capable of correcting subtle aspectual errors in others and can explain the rhythmic and stylistic reasons for choosing 'začeti' over its synonyms in any given text.
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例文 メモとヒント

začeti 30秒で

  • Začeti is the primary Slovenian verb for 'to start' or 'to begin'. It is perfective, focusing on the moment of initiation.
  • The present tense stem is 'začn-', which is irregular (e.g., začnem, začneš). Do not use 'začetim'.
  • It can be used with an infinitive (začeti delati) or with 'z' plus the instrumental case (začeti z delom).
  • The reflexive form 'začeti se' is used for events starting on their own, like movies or matches.

The Slovenian verb začeti is a fundamental pillar of the language, representing the initiation of an action, state, or process. It is a perfective verb, meaning it focuses on the discrete point in time when something begins or the successful completion of the starting act itself. English speakers often find it intuitive because it maps directly to 'to start' or 'to begin', but its grammatical behavior requires careful attention to aspectual pairs. In daily life, you will hear this word from the moment you wake up until you go to bed, as it governs the commencement of work, conversations, meals, and even internal thoughts.

Temporal Initiation
This describes the literal start of an event in time, such as a movie starting at 8 PM or a runner starting a race. It implies a transition from a state of inactivity to activity.
Habitual Commencement
While 'začeti' is perfective, it is frequently used to describe the point at which a new habit or routine was established, such as 'I started going to the gym last week.'

Kdaj nameravaš začeti z branjem te knjige?

Translation: When do you intend to start reading this book?

In professional settings, začeti is used to signify the opening of meetings or projects. It carries a sense of decisiveness. Unlike its imperfective counterpart začenjati (which describes the process of starting or something that happens repeatedly), začeti is about the 'click'—the moment the engine turns over. Slovenian speakers use it to organize their narratives, often starting sentences with 'Ko sem začel...' (When I started...) to provide a clear chronological marker. It is also deeply embedded in emotional contexts, such as starting a new life chapter or starting a difficult conversation.

Moramo začeti takoj, če želimo ujeti vlak.

Metaphorical Use
Beyond physical actions, it applies to abstract concepts like starting a fire (of passion) or starting a rumor. It implies the spark that leads to a larger consequence.

Using začeti correctly requires understanding its conjugation and the grammatical structures it triggers. It is an irregular verb in its stem formation. The present tense stem is začn-, leading to forms like začnem, začneš, začne. This change from '-eti' to '-ne-' is a common pattern in certain Slovenian verb classes but can be tricky for beginners who expect 'začetim'.

Jutri začnem z novo dieto.

Translation: Tomorrow I start with a new diet.
Structure 1: Verb + Infinitive
This is the most common way to say you start doing something. Example: 'Začel sem delati' (I started to work). The second verb remains in its base form.
Structure 2: Verb + Preposition 'z' + Instrumental Case
When starting a noun-based activity, use 'z' (with). Example: 'Začela je s projektom' (She started with the project). Remember to decline the noun correctly.

In the past tense, the verb follows the standard pattern for '-eti' verbs: začel (masculine), začela (feminine), začelo (neuter). Because it is perfective, the past tense often translates to the English simple past ('I started') rather than the past continuous.

Kdaj se je začela tekma?

Translation: When did the match start?

For the future tense, use the auxiliary 'biti' (to be) + the past participle. 'Bomo začeli' (We will start). This is standard for Slovenian future tense construction. Whether you are ordering a meal ('Začnimo z juho' - Let's start with soup) or discussing history ('Vse se je začelo leta 1991' - It all started in 1991), the versatility of začeti makes it an essential tool for any speaker.

The word začeti echoes through Slovenian society in numerous specific contexts. If you are in a Slovenian school, you will hear the teacher say, 'Začnimo s poukom' (Let's start with the lesson). At a concert hall, the hushed whispers die down when the announcer says, 'Koncert se bo začel čez pet minut' (The concert will start in five minutes). In the workplace, it is the catalyst for every meeting: 'Lahko začnemo?' (Can we start?).

Public Announcements
Train stations and airports use the reflexive form 'se začne' to indicate boarding or departure sequences. It sounds formal and authoritative.

Film se začne točno ob osmih zvečer.

In media, news anchors often use začeti to introduce segments. 'Začeli bomo z novicami iz tujine' (We will start with news from abroad). On social media, you might see influencers posting 'Kako se je začel moj dan' (How my day started), usually followed by a picture of coffee. This word is the gateway to storytelling in Slovenian culture.

Sports and Games
Referees and commentators use it constantly. 'Sodnik je dal znak za začetek' (The referee gave the signal for the start). The verb form 'začeti' is used to describe the kick-off or the first move in chess.

Finally, in literature and film, začeti is used to build suspense. A story might 'začeti sredi dogajanja' (start in the middle of the action). It is a word that promises something new, making it inherently engaging for the listener. Whether it's a new year, a new job, or a new sentence, začeti is the word that opens the door.

Even though začeti seems simple, English speakers frequently stumble on three specific areas: aspect, conjugation, and case selection. Understanding these pitfalls will elevate your Slovenian from 'broken' to 'fluent'.

Mistake 1: Confusing Aspect
Using 'začeti' (perfective) when you should use 'začenjati' (imperfective). If you say 'Vsak dan začnem delati ob osmih', it implies a specific completed act of starting. While often acceptable in speech, 'začenjam' is better for habitual actions. However, the most common error is using the imperfective for a one-time event.

Napačno: Jaz začetim delati. Pravilno: Jaz začnem delati.

Mistake 2: The 'Z' Preposition Case
English speakers often forget that 'z' (with) requires the instrumental case. They might say 'Začel sem z delo' (wrong) instead of 'Začel sem z delom' (correct). Always check your noun endings after 'z'!

Another common error is the omission of the reflexive 'se'. If a movie starts, it 'se začne'. If you start the movie, you 'začneš film'. Using the non-reflexive form for an inanimate subject makes it sound like the movie is an active agent performing an action on something else, which is nonsensical.

Lastly, learners often over-rely on 'začeti' and forget other verbs like 'pričeti' (more formal) or 'vstopiti' (to enter/start a phase). While 'začeti' is never wrong, using it for everything can make your speech sound repetitive. Focus on mastering the 'začnem' present tense stem first, as that is where most conjugation errors occur.

While začeti is the go-to verb for starting, Slovenian offers several synonyms and related terms that provide nuance and stylistic variety. Knowing when to swap 'začeti' for a more specific term will greatly improve your expressive range.

Pričeti
This is a slightly more formal synonym for 'začeti'. It is frequently used in literature, official speeches, and news reporting. For example, 'Pričela se je slovesnost' (The ceremony has commenced).
Odpreti
Meaning 'to open', this is used when starting a discussion, a season, or a business. 'Odpreti razpravo' (To open/start a discussion).

Namesto 'začeti projekt' lahko rečemo 'sprožiti projekt'.

Translation: Instead of 'start a project' we can say 'trigger/launch a project'.

For technical or mechanical contexts, you might use vžgati (to ignite/start an engine) or zagnati (to launch/boot up a computer program). These are much more precise than the general 'začeti'. In a social context, navezati (to tie/establish) is used for 'starting a contact' or 'starting a conversation' (navezati stik).

Nastopiti
Used for the onset of a state or a period, like 'nastopila je tema' (darkness fell/started) or 'nastopila je kriza' (a crisis began).

When you want to say 'to start from scratch', you use the phrase 'začeti iz ničle' or 'začeti znova' (to start anew). Understanding these alternatives allows you to describe the *way* something starts, whether it's with a bang, a whisper, or a formal declaration.

How Formal Is It?

フォーマル

"S tem dnem začnemo izvajati nove zakonske določbe."

ニュートラル

"Kdaj začneš z delom?"

カジュアル

"Daj, začni že!"

Child friendly

"Zdaj bomo začeli risati."

豆知識

The root '-četi' is also found in the word 'hči' (daughter) in some historical linguistic theories, suggesting a 'beginning' of a new generation, though this is debated.

発音ガイド

UK /zaˈt͡ʃɛːti/
US /zaˈt͡ʃɛːti/
On the second syllable (za-ČE-ti).
韻が合う語
vzeti peti jeti umetni zadeti ogreti izvzeti objeti
よくある間違い
  • Stressing the first syllable 'ZA-četi' (incorrect).
  • Pronouncing 'č' as 'c' (ts).
  • Making the final 'i' too long.
  • Failing to distinguish the open 'e' sound.
  • Treating it as a two-syllable word.
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レベル別の例文

1

Jaz začnem delati ob osmih.

I start working at eight.

Present tense, 1st person singular.

2

Kdaj začneš jesti?

When do you start eating?

Present tense, 2nd person singular.

3

Film se začne zdaj.

The movie starts now.

Reflexive form 'se začne'.

4

Moramo začeti.

We must start.

Infinitive after a modal verb.

5

Ona začne brati knjigo.

She starts reading a book.

Present tense, 3rd person singular.

6

Začnemo ob devetih.

We start at nine.

Present tense, 1st person plural.

7

Ali začnete danes?

Do you (plural/formal) start today?

Present tense, 2nd person plural.

8

Oni začnejo igrati.

They start to play.

Present tense, 3rd person plural.

1

Včeraj sem začel z novo službo.

Yesterday I started with a new job.

Past tense + 'z' + instrumental.

2

Kdaj si začela učiti slovenščino?

When did you (fem.) start learning Slovenian?

Past tense, feminine singular.

3

Tekma se je začela ob petih.

The match started at five.

Past tense, reflexive.

4

Bomo začeli čez deset minut.

We will start in ten minutes.

Future tense.

5

Otroci so začeli peti.

The children started singing.

Past tense, plural.

6

Ali si že začel brati?

Have you already started reading?

Past tense question.

7

Nisem še začel.

I haven't started yet.

Negative past tense.

8

Vse se je začelo tukaj.

Everything started here.

Past tense, neuter reflexive.

1

Takoj ko začne deževati, gremo domov.

As soon as it starts raining, we go home.

Subordinate clause with present tense.

2

Začni že enkrat!

Just start already!

Imperative form.

3

Začnimo z današnjim sestankom.

Let's start with today's meeting.

1st person plural imperative.

4

Ko sem začel razmišljati o tem, sem se ustrašil.

When I started thinking about it, I got scared.

Past tense in a narrative.

5

Nameravam začeti s tečajem kuhanja.

I intend to start with a cooking course.

Infinitive + prepositional phrase.

6

Začela sta se prepirati.

They (dual) started to argue.

Dual past tense.

7

Nikoli ni prepozno, da začneš znova.

It's never too late to start anew.

Subordinate clause with 'da'.

8

Zakaj nisi začel takoj?

Why didn't you start immediately?

Negative past tense question.

1

Podjetje je začelo širiti svoje poslovanje.

The company started expanding its business.

Perfective verb showing a decisive move.

2

Če bi začeli prej, bi se izognili gneči.

If we had started earlier, we would have avoided the crowd.

Conditional mood.

3

Začelo se je obdobje velikih sprememb.

A period of great changes has begun.

Reflexive past tense, abstract subject.

4

Morali bi začeti upoštevati nova pravila.

We should start following the new rules.

Compound modal structure.

5

Avtor je začel knjigo z zanimivim citatom.

The author started the book with an interesting quote.

Transitive use with instrumental.

6

Vlada je začela izvajati reforme.

The government started implementing reforms.

Formal administrative context.

7

Začeli so sumiti, da nekaj ni v redu.

They started to suspect that something was not right.

Mental state verb.

8

Kdaj se bo začela prodaja vstopnic?

When will the ticket sale start?

Future reflexive.

1

Sodišče je začelo postopek proti osumljencu.

The court initiated proceedings against the suspect.

Legal terminology.

2

Začeti moramo pri samih temeljih problema.

We must start at the very foundations of the problem.

Metaphorical usage.

3

Njegov govor je začel val ogorčenja.

His speech started a wave of indignation.

Transitive abstract start.

4

V tistem trenutku se je začelo njeno propadanje.

At that moment, her downfall began.

Reflexive past tense, literary.

5

Začeli bomo z analizo razpoložljivih podatkov.

We will start with an analysis of the available data.

Professional future tense.

6

Težko je začeti pogovor o tako občutljivi temi.

It is difficult to start a conversation about such a sensitive topic.

Infinitive as subject complement.

7

Začelo se je šušljati o njegovem odstopu.

Whispers started about his resignation.

Impersonal reflexive construction.

8

Zgodovina se ni začela včeraj.

History didn't start yesterday.

Philosophical statement.

1

V tem delu se začne prepletati več pripovednih niti.

In this part, several narrative threads begin to intertwine.

Literary analysis.

2

Začeti dejanje je lažje kot ga dokončati.

Starting an act is easier than finishing it.

Aphoristic usage.

3

Z vsakim vdihom se začne novo življenje.

With every breath, a new life begins.

Poetic reflexive.

4

Začeli so sistematično uničevati dokaze.

They began to systematically destroy the evidence.

Adverbial modification.

5

Začnimo z dekonstrukcijo mita o uspehu.

Let's start with the deconstruction of the myth of success.

Academic imperative.

6

Nenadoma se je začelo bliskati na obzorju.

Suddenly, lightning started on the horizon.

Meteorological impersonal.

7

Ko se začnejo krhati odnosi, je težko najti pot nazaj.

When relationships start to crumble, it's hard to find a way back.

Metaphorical plural reflexive.

8

Začeti vojno je zločin proti človeštvu.

Starting a war is a crime against humanity.

Ethical/Legal statement.

よく使う組み合わせ

začeti z delom
začeti iz ničle
začeti znova
začeti pogovor
začeti sejo
začeti šolanje
začeti kariero
začeti vojno
začeti preiskavo
začeti dieto

よく使うフレーズ

Začnimo!

— A call to action to begin something immediately. Used in group settings.

Vsi smo tukaj. Začnimo!

Kje naj začnem?

— Used when someone has a lot to say or a big task and doesn't know the starting point.

Toliko se je zgodilo. Ne vem, kje naj začnem.

Začelo se je.

— Used when an expected event finally starts, often with a sense of significance.

Nevihta prihaja. Začelo se je.

Začeti na novo

— To wipe the slate clean and start a task or life phase again.

Preselil se je, da bi začel na novo.

Začeti pri sebi

— To focus on improving oneself before trying to change others.

Če želiš spremeniti svet, moraš začeti pri sebi.

Začeti z levo nogo

— To start the day or a task badly (equivalent to 'getting up on the wrong side of the bed').

Danes sem začel z levo nogo.

Začeti od začetka

— To go back to the very beginning and start over.

Naredil sem napako, moram začeti od začetka.

Začeti bitko

— To engage in a struggle or literal battle.

Začeli so bitko s časom.

Začeti gradnjo

— To break ground on a building project.

Naslednji mesec bodo začeli gradnjo hiše.

Začeti pot

— To set off on a journey, literally or metaphorically.

Zjutraj smo začeli pot proti morju.

慣用句と表現

"Začeti na zeleni veji"

— To reach a state of prosperity or success after a period of struggle. Literally 'to start on a green branch'.

Končno sta začela na zeleni veji.

informal
"Začeti ples"

— To initiate a series of events, often conflictual or complex. Literally 'to start the dance'.

Politiki so začeli svoj ples.

journalistic
"Začeti z dolgim nosom"

— To start something with disappointment or a bad attitude.

Delo je začel z dolgim nosom.

informal
"Začeti na napačnem koncu"

— To approach a problem in the wrong way.

Problema si se lotil na napačnem koncu.

neutral
"Začeti pod ničlo"

— To start from a disadvantageous position, worse than 'from scratch'.

Podjetje je začelo pod ničlo.

neutral
"Začeti z belim listom"

— To start with a blank slate, with no prior history or prejudice.

V novi službi je začel z belim listom.

neutral
"Začeti na polno"

— To start something with maximum energy and effort.

Trening smo začeli na polno.

slang
"Začeti praskati pod površjem"

— To start investigating something more deeply than the obvious facts.

Detektiv je začel praskati pod površjem.

neutral
"Začeti z vsemi topovi"

— To start an argument or project with everything you've got (aggressive start).

V debato je začel z vsemi topovi.

informal
"Začeti vrteti mlin"

— To start a process that then continues on its own. Literally 'to start turning the mill'.

Investicija je začela vrteti mlin.

neutral

語族

名詞

動詞

形容詞

関連

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暗記しよう

記憶術

Think of a 'ZATCH' (zač-) that 'NETS' (-eti) the start of a race. You 'začeti' the engine to go.

視覚的連想

Imagine a green light at a race track. As soon as it flashes, you 'začeti' your run. The 'Z' shape of the light stands for 'začeti'.

Word Web

začetek začenjati začetnik začetni začetnica znova pričeti prvič

チャレンジ

Try to use 'začeti' in three different tenses (present, past, future) before the end of the day.

語源

From Proto-Slavic *začęti. It is composed of the prefix 'za-' and the root '-četi', which is related to 'četi' (to begin/take).

元の意味： The root is connected to the concept of 'taking' or 'grasping' at the beginning of an action.

Indo-European > Balto-Slavic > Slavic > South Slavic > Slovenian.

文化的な背景

No specific sensitivities, but be mindful that 'začeti vojno' is a heavy phrase.

English speakers might over-use 'start' for everything. In Slovenian, 'začeti' is very common, but for machines, 'vžgati' is more natural.

France Prešeren's poems often deal with beginnings of love or national consciousness. The Slovenian national anthem starts with 'Žive naj vsi narodi' (May all nations live), which is the 'začetek' of their most important song. Slovenian films like 'Kekec' show the 'začetek' of adventures in the mountains.
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