The verb 'dati' is a versatile perfective verb primarily meaning 'to give' but frequently used for 'to put' or 'to allow'.
30秒でわかる単語
- To give or hand over something to someone.
- A perfective verb indicating a completed action.
- Commonly used to mean 'to put' in informal speech.
Pregled
Glagol 'dati' je eden najosnovnejših in najpogosteje uporabljenih glagolov v slovenskem jeziku. Je dovršni glagol, kar pomeni, da opisuje dejanje, ki se je zaključilo ali se bo zaključilo v enem trenutku. Njegov nedovršni par je glagol 'dajati'.
Vzorci uporabe
Najpogostejša struktura je 'dati nekaj (tožilnik) nekomu (dajalnik)'. Na primer: 'Dal sem jabolko prijatelju.' Poleg tega se pogosto uporablja s prislovnimi določili kraja, ko želimo povedati, kam smo nekaj položili: 'Daj knjigo na mizo.' V tem kontekstu 'dati' pogosto nadomešča glagola 'postaviti' ali 'položiti'.
Pogosti konteksti
Uporabljamo ga v vsakdanjih situacijah (dati darilo), v službenem okolju (dati odpoved, dati poročilo) in v abstraktnih pomenih (dati možnost, dati besedo). Zelo pomembna je tudi povratna oblika 'dati se', ki izraža možnost ali dopustnost, npr. 'To se ne da popraviti' (It cannot be fixed).
Primerjava s podobnimi besedami
Čeprav 'dati' pomeni 'to give', ga moramo razlikovati od glagola 'podariti'. 'Podariti' se uporablja izključno takrat, ko gre za darilo brez pričakovanega povračila. Glagol 'izročiti' je bolj formalen in pomeni 'to hand over', pogosto se uporablja za dokumente ali nagrade. V pogovornem jeziku 'dati' pogosto prevzame funkcijo glagola 'postaviti', kar je v angleščini bližje glagolu 'to put'.
例文
Ali mi lahko daš kozarec vode?
everydayCan you give me a glass of water?
Direktor je dal soglasje k projektu.
formalThe director gave consent to the project.
Daj, pohiti, zamujamo!
informalCome on, hurry up, we're late!
Avtor da velik poudarek na metodologijo.
academicThe author places great emphasis on methodology.
よく使う組み合わせ
よく使うフレーズ
dati vse od sebe
to give one's all
dati mir
to leave someone alone
dati besedo
to give one's word / to promise
よく混同される語
'Podariti' specifically means to give a gift for free, whereas 'dati' is a general term for handing something over.
Beginners sometimes confuse 'dati' (to give) with 'delati' (to do/work) due to the similar starting letter.
文法パターン
How to Use It
使い方のコツ
In Slovenian, 'dati' is neutral but extremely common in all registers. In very formal legal documents, 'izročiti' might be preferred. In casual speech, it is the go-to word for putting objects anywhere (daj v torbo, daj na polico).
よくある間違い
English speakers often use the present tense 'dajem' (imperfective) when they should use 'dam' (perfective) for a simple offer. Another mistake is using 'dati' for 'to give a presentation' where 'imeti' (to have) or 'predstaviti' is more natural.
Tips
Master the short present tense forms
The present tense of 'dati' is very short (dam, daš, da). Be careful not to confuse it with the word 'da' meaning 'that' or 'yes'.
Perfective vs. Imperfective usage
Always use 'dati' for a completed transfer. If you are in the middle of giving, use 'dajati'.
Generosity in Slovenian culture
Slovenians often use 'dati' when offering coffee or food to guests, reflecting a culture of hospitality.
語源
Derived from the Proto-Slavic *dati, which comes from the Proto-Indo-European root *deh₃- (to give), cognate with Latin 'dare' and Greek 'didomi'.
文化的な背景
The phrase 'dati za pijačo' (to give for a drink) is a cultural staple, meaning to treat someone to a round of drinks, often to celebrate an achievement.
覚え方のコツ
Think of the word 'DATA'. You GIVE data to a computer. In Slovenian, 'DATI' is the act of giving that information.
よくある質問
4 問'Dati' je dovršni glagol za enkratno dejanje, 'dajati' pa nedovršni za ponavljajoče se dejanje ali proces.
Da, v pogovorni slovenščini se 'dati' zelo pogosto uporablja namesto 'postaviti' ali 'položiti', npr. 'Daj kozarec v omaro'.
Sprega je nepravilna: jaz dam, ti daš, on/ona da, mi damo, vi date, oni dajo.
Pomeni, da je nekaj mogoče izvesti. Na primer: 'Ne da se' pomeni 'It's not possible' ali 'I don't feel like it'.
自分をテスト
Prosim, ___ mi tisti svinčnik.
'Daj' je velelnik (imperative) za drugo osebo ednine, kar ustreza prošnji.
Prevod:
Prihodnjik se tvori s pomožnim glagolom 'biti' (bom) in opisnim deležnikom (dal).
mizo / knjigo / na / Daj / .
Standardni besedni red v velelniku je glagol, nato predmet in nato krajevno določilo.
スコア： /3
Summary
The verb 'dati' is a versatile perfective verb primarily meaning 'to give' but frequently used for 'to put' or 'to allow'.
- To give or hand over something to someone.
- A perfective verb indicating a completed action.
- Commonly used to mean 'to put' in informal speech.
Master the short present tense forms
The present tense of 'dati' is very short (dam, daš, da). Be careful not to confuse it with the word 'da' meaning 'that' or 'yes'.
Perfective vs. Imperfective usage
Always use 'dati' for a completed transfer. If you are in the middle of giving, use 'dajati'.
Generosity in Slovenian culture
Slovenians often use 'dati' when offering coffee or food to guests, reflecting a culture of hospitality.
例文
4 / 4Ali mi lahko daš kozarec vode?
Can you give me a glass of water?
Direktor je dal soglasje k projektu.
The director gave consent to the project.
Daj, pohiti, zamujamo!
Come on, hurry up, we're late!
Avtor da velik poudarek na metodologijo.
The author places great emphasis on methodology.
