When using the adjective "čist" (clean) in Slovenian, remember that it needs to agree in gender and number with the noun it modifies. For example, you would say "čist avto" (a clean car - masculine singular), "čista miza" (a clean table - feminine singular), and "čisto perilo" (clean laundry - neuter singular).
For plural nouns, you'd use "čisti avtomobili" (clean cars - masculine plural), "čiste mize" (clean tables - feminine plural), and "čista perila" (clean laundry - neuter plural). It's a straightforward concept, but crucial for grammatically correct Slovenian.
When using the adjective "čist" in Slovenian, it's important to remember that, like all Slovenian adjectives, it needs to agree in gender, number, and case with the noun it modifies. For example, you would say "čist avto" (a clean car - masculine singular), "čista miza" (a clean table - feminine singular), or "čisto perilo" (clean laundry - neuter singular).
This agreement is crucial for grammatical correctness and understanding. Additionally, "čist" can also be used figuratively to mean pure or clear, depending on the context, such as "čista vest" (a clear conscience) or "čista voda" (clean/pure water).
Paying attention to these nuances will significantly improve your fluency and accuracy in Slovenian.
§ What does 'čist' mean?
The Slovenian word 'čist' (pronounced 'cheest') is an adjective. It's a very common and useful word, and you'll hear it a lot in everyday conversations. At its core, 'čist' means 'clean' – free from dirt, marks, or stains. Think of it as the opposite of 'dirty'.
- DEFINITION
- Free from dirt, marks, or stains.
But 'čist' can be used in a few different ways, just like 'clean' in English. It's not just about physical cleanliness. Let's look at some common situations where Slovenians use 'čist'.
§ When do people use 'čist'?
Most often, you'll use 'čist' to talk about things that are physically clean. This is the most direct and common use of the word. Here are some examples:
Clean clothes: If your shirt is fresh from the laundry, it's 'čista'.
Clean hands: After washing your hands, they are 'čiste'.
Clean room/house: A tidy and spotless room is 'čista soba'.
Clean water/air: You might describe fresh, unpolluted water or air as 'čista voda' or 'čist zrak'.
To je čist avto. (This is a clean car.)
Imaš čiste roke? (Do you have clean hands?)
Beyond physical cleanliness, 'čist' can also imply purity or being unmixed. For instance:
Pure gold/silver: If something is 'čisto zlato' or 'čisto srebro', it means it's pure gold or silver, without any other metals mixed in.
Clean sound: A clear, unblemished sound can be described as 'čist zvok'.
Potrebujemo čisto vodo za kuhanje. (We need clean water for cooking.)
Sometimes, 'čist' is used more figuratively to mean 'clear' or 'unambiguous'. While not as common as the 'physically clean' meaning for beginners, it's good to be aware of.
Clear conscience: If someone has a 'čista vest', they have a clear conscience, meaning they feel no guilt.
Clean record: A 'čist kartoteka' (clean record) suggests no past offenses or issues.
You might also encounter 'čist' when talking about a 'clean' shot or a 'clean' hit in sports, implying precision and directness.
Imam čisto vest. (I have a clear conscience.)
In summary, 'čist' is a fundamental Slovenian adjective that primarily means 'clean' in a physical sense. However, its usage extends to purity, clarity, and even moral uprightness in certain contexts. Mastering its basic meaning and common applications will significantly boost your everyday Slovenian communication.
§ Understanding 'čist' in Context
You're learning Slovenian, and you've come across 'čist'. Good. This word is useful. It means 'clean' or 'pure'. Let's look at how it's used in real situations.
- Definition
- Free from dirt, marks, or stains.
§ At Home: Keeping Things Clean
At home, 'čist' is used constantly. You'll hear it about dishes, clothes, and rooms. It's about basic hygiene and order.
Posoda je čista.
- Translation hint: The dishes are clean.
Oblačila so čista in suha.
- Translation hint: The clothes are clean and dry.
§ At Work: Describing the Workspace
In a professional setting, 'čist' is used for desks, offices, and tools. It implies order and professionalism.
Moj delovni prostor je vedno čist.
- Translation hint: My workspace is always clean.
Prosim, pustite mizo čisto.
- Translation hint: Please leave the table clean.
§ At School: Classroom and Materials
In schools, 'čist' is heard when talking about classrooms, blackboards, or books. It's about maintaining a good learning environment.
Učilnica mora biti čista vsak dan.
- Translation hint: The classroom must be clean every day.
Imam čisto
- Translation hint: I have a clean notebook.
§ In the News: Environmental and Abstract Uses
Beyond physical cleanliness, 'čist' can be used in a more abstract way, especially in news or discussions about the environment.
Borimo se za čisto okolje.
- Translation hint: We are fighting for a clean environment.
To je bil čist dobiček.
- Translation hint: That was a clear/pure profit (no deductions).
§ Common Phrases with 'čist'
Here are some common phrases where you'll hear 'čist'. Learning these phrases will help you understand and use the word more naturally.
- Čist zrak - Clean air
- Čista voda - Clean water
- Čisto srce - Pure heart (figurative)
Slovenian learners often make a few common mistakes when using the adjective 'čist'. Understanding these pitfalls will help you use the word more accurately and naturally. Let's dive in.
§ Forgetting Agreement (Gender, Number, Case)
Just like other Slovenian adjectives, 'čist' must agree with the noun it modifies in gender, number, and case. This is a fundamental rule for all adjectives in Slovenian, but it's often overlooked by beginners, especially with common words like 'čist'.
- DEFINITION
- Failure to change the ending of 'čist' to match the noun it describes.
Here are some incorrect examples and how to fix them:
Incorrect: To je čist miza.
Correct: To je čista miza. (The table, 'miza', is feminine, so 'čist' becomes 'čista'.)
This is a clean table.
Incorrect: Imam čist roke.
Correct: Imam čiste roke. (Hands, 'roke', are plural, so 'čist' becomes 'čiste'.)
I have clean hands.
Incorrect: Gledam čist avto.
Correct: Gledam čist avto. (The car, 'avto', is masculine and in the accusative case here, but the masculine singular accusative often retains the nominative form for 'čist'.)
I am looking at a clean car.
§ Confusing 'čist' with 'ureden' or 'pospravljen'
While 'čist' means 'clean' (free from dirt), sometimes learners use it when they actually mean 'tidy' or 'neat'. Slovenian has other words for these concepts, and using 'čist' can sound slightly off in such contexts.
- DEFINITION
- Using 'čist' to mean 'neat' or 'tidy' instead of just 'free from dirt'.
Incorrect: Moja soba je čista, vendar je veliko stvari na tleh. (This implies it's dirt-free but also tidy, which contradicts the second part of the sentence.)
Correct: Moja soba je pospravljena. (My room is tidy/put away.)
My room is tidy.
Correct (for 'clean'): Moja soba je čista. (My room is clean – meaning not dirty.)
My room is clean.
§ Overusing 'čist' for metaphorical cleanliness
While 'čist' can sometimes extend to metaphorical meanings like 'pure' or 'innocent' in specific contexts, beginners should primarily stick to its literal meaning of 'free from dirt'. Overusing it metaphorically without understanding the nuances can lead to awkward sentences.
- DEFINITION
- Applying 'čist' to abstract concepts where it might not be the most natural or precise word.
For example, while you might hear 'čista vest' (a clear conscience), try to focus on its physical meaning first.
Focus on: Moje perilo je čisto. (My laundry is clean.)
My laundry is clean.
By paying attention to agreement, distinguishing 'clean' from 'tidy', and starting with the literal meaning, you'll avoid the most common mistakes with 'čist' and use it correctly in your Slovenian conversations.
How Formal Is It?
"Prosim, ohranite prostore čiste."
"Ta miza je čista."
"Avto je čist kot solza."
"Pazite, da so roke čiste."
難易度
short
short
short
short
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Adjectives in Slovenian agree in gender, number, and case with the noun they modify.
čist avto (masculine singular nominative - 'clean car')
For feminine nouns, the adjective will end in '-a' in the nominative singular.
čista soba (feminine singular nominative - 'clean room')
For neuter nouns, the adjective will end in '-o' in the nominative singular.
čisto perilo (neuter singular nominative - 'clean laundry')
When modifying a plural noun, the adjective will take the appropriate plural ending (e.g., '-i' for masculine, '-e' for feminine, '-a' for neuter in nominative plural).
čisti čevlji (masculine plural nominative - 'clean shoes') / čiste roke (feminine plural nominative - 'clean hands') / čista okna (neuter plural nominative - 'clean windows')
The adjective 'čist' can also be used as an adverb meaning 'cleanly' or 'purely', but its form remains 'čisto'.
Piše čisto. (He writes cleanly.)
レベル別の例文
Soba je čista.
The room is clean.
Obleka je čista.
The dress is clean.
Avto je čist.
The car is clean.
Voda je čista.
The water is clean.
Njegove roke so čiste.
His hands are clean.
Miza je čista.
The table is clean.
Zrak je čist.
The air is clean.
Tvoja majica je čista.
Your shirt is clean.
Ko sem se vrnil domov, je bilo stanovanje popolnoma čisto in pospravljeno.
When I returned home, the apartment was completely clean and tidied up.
Here, 'čisto' is in the neuter singular form, agreeing with 'stanovanje' (apartment).
Prosim, poskrbite, da bo miza vedno čista, preden začnemo jesti.
Please make sure the table is always clean before we start eating.
'Čista' is in the feminine singular form, agreeing with 'miza' (table).
Po dolgi hoji po gozdu so bili njegovi čevlji precej umazani, ne čisti.
After a long walk in the forest, his shoes were quite dirty, not clean.
'Čisti' is in the masculine plural form, agreeing with 'čevlji' (shoes).
Otroci so se igrali zunaj in se vrnili domov s čistimi rokami, kar je bilo presenetljivo.
The children played outside and returned home with clean hands, which was surprising.
'Čistimi' is in the instrumental plural form, agreeing with 'rokami' (hands).
Vedno je pomembno imeti čisto vest, ne glede na okoliščine.
It's always important to have a clean conscience, regardless of the circumstances.
Here, 'čisto' is used figuratively, meaning 'clear' or 'unburdened'.
Voda v reki je bila tako čista, da si lahko videl dno.
The water in the river was so clean that you could see the bottom.
'Čista' is in the feminine singular form, agreeing with 'voda' (water).
Njegov govor je bil čist in jasen, brez nepotrebnih besed.
His speech was clean and clear, without unnecessary words.
Here, 'čist' is used figuratively to describe speech as precise and understandable.
Preden smo pričeli z operacijo, smo se prepričali, da so vsi instrumenti čisti in sterilni.
Before we began the operation, we made sure all instruments were clean and sterile.
'Čisti' is in the masculine plural form, agreeing with 'instrumenti' (instruments).
よく使う組み合わせ
よく使うフレーズ
Moja soba je čista.
My room is clean.
Ali je voda čista?
Is the water clean?
Potrebujem čisto brisačo.
I need a clean towel.
Želim imeti čisto vest.
I want to have a clear conscience.
Zrak je tukaj čist.
The air here is clean.
Moraš si umiti roke, da bodo čiste.
You must wash your hands so they are clean.
Nebo je danes čisto.
The sky is clear today.
Prosim, obdrži mizo čisto.
Please keep the table clean.
Perilo je že čisto.
The laundry is already clean.
Avto je po pranju čist.
The car is clean after washing.
よく混同される語
Tidy, neat, orderly.
Immaculate, spotless, unblemished (often with moral connotations).
Empty (refers to absence of contents).
慣用句と表現
"čista desetka"
a perfect ten
Njegov nastop je bil čista desetka. (His performance was a perfect ten.)
neutral"čista vest"
a clear conscience
Spim s čisto vestjo. (I sleep with a clear conscience.)
neutral"imeti čiste roke"
to have clean hands (to be innocent)
Trdi, da ima čiste roke. (He claims to have clean hands.)
neutral"čist kot solza"
clean as a whistle
Njegovo stanovanje je bilo čisto kot solza. (His apartment was clean as a whistle.)
neutral"čisto nasprotje"
the complete opposite
On je čisto nasprotje svoje sestre. (He is the complete opposite of his sister.)
neutral"čista izguba časa"
a complete waste of time
To je bila čista izguba časa. (That was a complete waste of time.)
neutral"imeti čist račun"
to have a clean slate (no outstanding debts or issues)
Počutim se bolje, ker imam čist račun. (I feel better because I have a clean slate.)
neutral"čista laž"
a blatant lie
To je čista laž! (That's a blatant lie!)
neutral"čisto slučajno"
purely by chance, by pure coincidence
Srečala sva se čisto slučajno. (We met purely by chance.)
neutral"čista muka"
pure agony/torment
Čakanje je bila čista muka. (The waiting was pure agony.)
neutral間違えやすい
Because it can also mean 'clean' in a broader sense, like 'pure' or 'neat,' which might lead learners to use it in contexts where a more specific word would be better.
'Čist' specifically refers to something being free of dirt, marks, or stains. It doesn't necessarily imply tidiness or purity in a moral sense, though it can overlap.
Oblačila so čista. (The clothes are clean.)
Often confused with 'čist' because tidiness can be associated with cleanliness.
'Ureden' means tidy, neat, or orderly. Something can be 'ureden' without being 'čist' (e.g., a tidy but dusty room) and vice-versa (e.g., a clean but messy desk).
Njegova soba je vedno urejena. (His room is always tidy.)
Learners might think it's a stronger form of 'čist' due to the 'without stain' aspect.
'Brezmadežen' means immaculate, spotless, or unblemished, often carrying a connotation of moral purity or perfection. It's a stronger and more formal word than 'čist'.
Njeno vedenje je bilo brezmadežno. (Her conduct was immaculate.)
Can be confused with 'čist' when thinking of an empty space as 'clean'.
'Prazno' means empty. While an empty room might be clean, 'prazno' only refers to the absence of contents, not the absence of dirt.
Kozarec je prazen. (The glass is empty.)
Can be confused with 'čist' when considering a 'clean record' or 'pure' person.
'Nedolžen' means innocent or pure, often in a moral or legal sense. It has no direct relation to physical cleanliness.
Ona je nedolžna. (She is innocent.)
語族
名詞
動詞
暗記しよう
記憶術
Imagine a 'CHIST-le' (whistle) that is so clean it shines.
視覚的連想
Picture a sparkling, freshly cleaned kitchen counter. Associate the word 'čist' with this image.
Word Web
チャレンジ
Describe three things in your house that are 'čist'.
自分をテスト 48 問
Otroci so se igrali zunaj in zdaj so njihove roke zelo ___.
The children were playing outside, so their hands would be dirty, not clean. 'Umazane' means dirty.
Po pranju perila je vse spet ___.
After washing laundry, everything is clean again. 'Čisto' means clean.
Prosim, obriši mizo, da bo ___.
Wiping the table makes it clean. 'Čista' means clean.
Njegov avto je vedno ___ in sijoč.
A car that is always 'sijoč' (shiny) is also 'čist' (clean).
Želim si imeti ___ dom, brez prahu.
A home without dust is a clean home. 'Čist' means clean.
Po dežju je zrak zelo ___.
After rain, the air is often described as clean. 'Čist' means clean.
Is your room clean?
I like clean clothes.
The water in the lake is very clean.
Read this aloud:
To je čista miza.
Focus: čista
あなたの回答：
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Read this aloud:
Potrebujem čisto brisačo.
Focus: čisto
あなたの回答：
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Read this aloud:
Ali je posoda čista?
Focus: čista
あなたの回答：
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This sentence means 'I have a clean car.' The order of words in Slovenian is often similar to English, but 'čist' (clean) comes before the noun 'avto' (car).
This question means 'Is her room clean?' In Slovenian questions, the verb 'je' (is) often comes at the beginning. 'Čista' is the feminine form of 'čist' to agree with 'soba' (room).
This means 'I need clean hands.' 'Čiste' is the plural form of 'čist' to agree with 'roke' (hands).
Katera možnost najbolje dopolnjuje stavek: 'Njena soba je vedno zelo ___.'?
Beseda 'čista' (clean) je pravilna, ker opisuje sobo, ki je urejena in brez umazanije. Druge možnosti ne ustrezajo kontekstu 'vedno zelo'.
Izberite besedo, ki je nasprotje besede 'čist'.
Nasprotje besede 'čist' (clean) je 'umazan' (dirty). Druge možnosti imajo drugačen pomen.
Kateri predmet bi moral biti 'čist', preden ga uporabite za jesti?
Vilice (fork) so predmet, ki ga uporabljamo za jesti in morajo biti čiste zaradi higiene. Druge možnosti niso neposredno povezane z uživanjem hrane.
Če je nekaj 'čisto', to pomeni, da je umazano.
Ne, 'čisto' pomeni brez umazanije, madežev ali sledi. Umazano je nasprotno.
Avto, ki je pravkar opran, je 'čist'.
Da, če je avto opran, je čist, kar pomeni, da je brez umazanije.
Prazna skodelica je vedno 'čista'.
Ne nujno. Prazna skodelica je lahko še vedno umazana od prejšnje uporabe, tudi če je prazna. 'Čista' pomeni umita in brez ostankov.
Katera možnost najbolje dopolnjuje stavek: 'Njegova vest je bila vedno ___.'?
Izraz 'čista vest' pomeni, da oseba nima občutka krivde ali slabe vesti. Druge možnosti ne ustrezajo kontekstu.
Izberite besedo, ki je najbližje pomenu 'čist' v kontekstu 'čista soba'.
Čista soba je predvsem urejena in brez umazanije. 'Sterilna' je preveč specifičen medicinski izraz, 'prazna' in 'svetla' pa ne zajemata bistva čistoče.
Kateri stavek pravilno uporablja besedo 'čist' v prenesenem pomenu?
V tem stavku 'čista' pomeni 'popolna' ali 'absolutna', kar je preneseni pomen. Druge možnosti uporabljajo besedo 'čist' v dobesednem pomenu.
Če rečemo, da ima nekdo 'čisto srce', to pomeni, da je zla oseba.
'Čisto srce' pomeni, da je oseba dobra, poštena in brez zlobnih namenov, torej je izjava napačna.
Izraz 'čista petka' se nanaša na to, da je nekdo prejel najvišjo možno oceno brez napak.
'Čista petka' resnično pomeni popolno oceno pet, brez kakršnihkoli pomanjkljivosti, kar potrjuje izjavo.
Kadar govorimo o 'čistem zraku', imamo v mislih onesnažen zrak.
'Čist zrak' pomeni zrak, ki ni onesnažen, torej je izjava napačna.
Po temeljitem čiščenju je stanovanje spet popolnoma ___.
The sentence implies that after thorough cleaning, the apartment is in a good, dirt-free state. 'Čisto' (clean) is the appropriate word.
Vedno poskrbim, da so moja oblačila pred pomembnim sestankom ___ in zlikana.
For an important meeting, one would want their clothes to be clean and ironed. 'Čista' (clean) fits the context.
Potrebujeva ___ krpo za brisanje prahu s pohištva.
To wipe dust, you need a clean cloth. 'Čisto' (clean) is the correct choice.
Po dežju je cesta postala spolzka, a zdaj je spet ___ in suha.
After being wet and potentially dirty from rain, a road that is now dry would also be clean. 'Čista' (clean) is the best fit.
Otroci so morali oprati roke, preden so smeli sedeti k mizi, da so bile popolnoma ___.
Before eating, children are told to wash their hands so they are clean. 'Čiste' (clean) is appropriate here.
Zrak v gorah je bil izjemno ___ in svež, kar je bilo prijetno po mestnem smogu.
Mountain air is typically clean and fresh, especially compared to city smog. 'Čist' (clean) is the correct descriptive word.
Po temeljitem čiščenju je stanovanje spet popolnoma ___.
The sentence implies that after thorough cleaning, the apartment is free from dirt, so 'čisto' (clean) is the correct word.
Njegove roke so bile po delu na vrtu povsem umazane, a po umivanju so bile spet ___.
The context indicates that his hands were dirty from gardening, so after washing, they would be 'čiste' (clean).
Vedno pazi, da ima avto popolnoma ___, še posebej pred pomembnimi dogodki.
The sentence suggests attention to the car's appearance, especially before important events, implying it should be 'čist' (clean).
Po dežju je bilo vse blato, a zdaj so ulice spet ___.
After mud from the rain, the streets would be 'čiste' (clean) once the mud is gone.
Za optimalno delovanje računalnika je pomembno, da je njegov notranji pomnilnik ___ in brez nepotrebnih datotek.
In the context of computer performance, a 'čist' (clean) internal memory, free of unnecessary files, is optimal.
Njegova vest je bila ___ po tem, ko je priznal svoje napake in se opravičil.
After admitting mistakes and apologizing, a person's conscience would be 'čista' (clean/clear).
Pay attention to how 'čist' modifies 'zvok'.
Consider 'čisto' describing the quality of her singing.
How is 'čista' used to describe 'logika'?
Read this aloud:
Počutil sem se čisto praznega, ko sem končal projekt.
Focus: čisto praznega
あなたの回答：
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Read this aloud:
Njegov motiv je bil čist, brez kakršnihkoli skritih namenov.
Focus: čist brez
あなたの回答：
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Read this aloud:
Zrak je bil čisto mrzel, zato smo se hitro umaknili v hišo.
Focus: čisto mrzel
あなたの回答：
Speech recognition is not supported in your browser. Try Chrome or Edge.
/ 48 correct
Perfect score!
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