A2 · 初中級 チャプター 22

Modality: Can, Should, Must

4 トータルルール
35 例文
1 分
このチャプターのルール クイック練習

Chapter in 30 Seconds

Master the art of expressing what you can do, must do, and want to do in Thai.

  • Identify the correct placement of modal verbs.
  • Formulate polite requests for permission.
  • Express personal desires and social requirements clearly.
Unlock your potential with Thai modal verbs.

学べること

Expressing ability, obligation, and permission using modal verbs. Navigating social expectations.

Learning Objectives

By the end of this chapter, you will be able to:

  1. 1
    By the end you will be able to: express basic ability, obligation, permission, and desire in daily conversations.

重要な例文 (8)

1

Chan dai pai.

I can go.

可能を表す 'Dai' (できる)
2

Khun dai kin phet.

You can eat spicy food.

可能を表す 'Dai' (できる)
3

Chan tong pai tham ngaan.

I have to go to work.

Thai Obligation: How to use 'tong' (ต้อง)
4

Mai tong gin phed kor dai.

You don't have to eat spicy food.

Thai Obligation: How to use 'tong' (ต้อง)
5

Nang dai mai khrap?

Can I sit here?

タイ語で許可を求める (dai)
6

Tai ruup dai mai kha?

Can I take a photo?

タイ語で許可を求める (dai)
7

Phom yak gin pizza.

I want to eat pizza.

タイ語で「～したい」を言う (`yak`)
8

Chan yak pai thiao.

I want to go traveling.

タイ語で「～したい」を言う (`yak`)

ヒントとコツ (4)

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Context is King

If you are unsure between 'dai' and 'pen', native speakers will still understand you. Don't stress too much!
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 可能を表す 'Dai' (できる)
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Placement

Always keep it before the action verb.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Thai Obligation: How to use 'tong' (ต้อง)
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Don't overthink

Keep it simple. Verb + dai mai is all you need.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: タイ語で許可を求める (dai)
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Drop the Subject

In casual Thai, you can often drop the subject (like 'I' or 'you') if it is clear who you are talking about.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: タイ語で「～したい」を言う (`yak`)

重要な語彙 (6)

ได้ (dai) can/able to ต้อง (tong) must/have to อยาก (yak) want to ไป (pai) go กิน (gin) eat ทำ (tam) do

Real-World Preview

shopping-bag

At the Local Market

Review Summary

  • Subject + Verb + ได้
  • Subject + ต้อง + Verb
  • Verb + ได้ + ไหม
  • Subject + อยาก + Verb

よくある間違い

Ability 'dai' must follow the verb, not precede it.

Wrong: ฉันได้ไป (I can go)
正解: ฉันไปได้ (I can go)

'Tong' acts as a modal auxiliary and must come before the main verb.

Wrong: ฉันไปต้อง (I must go)
正解: ฉันต้องไป (I must go)

You don't need 'dai' when using 'yak'; 'yak' already carries the desire to perform the action.

Wrong: ฉันอยากได้ไป (I want to go)
正解: ฉันอยากไป (I want to go)

Next Steps

You're doing fantastic! Keep building those sentences.

Practice saying sentences aloud to native speakers.

Continue to: Location and Direction

クイック練習 (10)

Fix the mistake

Find and fix the mistake:

Nang dai.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Nang dai mai?
You need the question marker for permission.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: タイ語で許可を求める (dai)

Which sentence is correct?

Choose the correct sentence:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: ฉันต้องกินข้าว
Tong must precede the verb.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Thai Obligation: How to use 'tong' (ต้อง)

Find and fix the mistake.

Find and fix the mistake:

Chan yak telefon.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Chan yak dai telefon.
When you want an object, you must use yak dai (want to get).

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: タイ語で「～したい」を言う (`yak`)

Which sentence is correct?

Choose the correct permission request:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Nang dai mai?
Adding 'mai' makes it a question.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: タイ語で許可を求める (dai)

Fill in the blank

Chan ___ pai suea.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: dai
Use 'dai' to express the ability or possibility to go.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 可能を表す 'Dai' (できる)

Which sentence is correct?

Choose the most natural sentence:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Phom yak gin khao.
The word yak must come before the verb 'to eat' (gin).

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: タイ語で「～したい」を言う (`yak`)

Fill in the blank

___ (take a photo) dai mai?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Tai ruup
Tai ruup means to take a photo.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: タイ語で許可を求める (dai)

Find and fix the mistake

Find and fix the mistake:

Chan dai speak Thai.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Chan dai phut Thai.
You must use the Thai verb for 'speak' (phut).

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 可能を表す 'Dai' (できる)

Which sentence is correct?

Choose the grammatically correct sentence:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Chan dai kin.
The structure is Subject + dai + Verb.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 可能を表す 'Dai' (できる)

Fill in the blank

ผม ___ ไปโรงเรียน (I have to go to school).

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: ต้อง
Must is translated as 'tong'.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Thai Obligation: How to use 'tong' (ต้อง)

Score: /10

よくある質問 (6)

Mostly yes! It covers possibility and permission.
Just put mai before dai. Example: mai dai (cannot).
It means 'must' or 'have to' in Thai.
It's a modal verb for permission.
It's neutral. Use it with anyone.
It is the Thai word for 'want to' or 'would like to' when referring to actions.
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