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C1 noun 10分で読める

altyapı

練習する例文メモとヒント altyapı 30秒で

解説 altyapı in your Level:

At the A1 level, you don't need to use 'altyapı' in complex ways. Think of it as a word for 'the base' or 'the youth team' in sports. You might see it in news headlines about cities or hear it if you follow Turkish football. It's a compound of 'alt' (under) and 'yapı' (structure). Just remember that in sports, it means the kids' team. For example: 'Galatasaray altyapısı' means Galatasaray's youth academy. In a city, if there is no 'altyapı', there is no water or electricity. It is a very important word for modern life. You can simply use it as a noun. 'Altyapı önemli' (Infrastructure is important). Don't worry about the complex grammar yet, just recognize it when you see it in the context of a city or a sports club. It is one of those words that helps you understand how Turkish builds new meanings by putting two simple words together.

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At the A2 level, you can start using 'altyapı' in basic possessive constructions. Since it's a noun, you will often see it as 'şehrin altyapısı' (the city's infrastructure) or 'takımın altyapısı' (the team's youth academy). You might use it to describe why a city is good or bad. 'Bu şehirde altyapı çok iyi' (The infrastructure in this city is very good). You should also know that 'alt' means bottom and 'yapı' means structure. This will help you remember the meaning. If you are talking about your hobbies, like football, you can say 'Ben altyapıda oynuyorum' (I am playing in the youth academy). This level is about recognizing the word in daily contexts like the news or sports. You might also see it on signs if there is roadwork: 'Altyapı çalışması' (Infrastructure work).

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At the B1 level, you should be able to use 'altyapı' in more professional and social contexts. You can discuss the problems of a city or the development of a company. You will notice that 'altyapı' is often used as the object of verbs like 'yapmak' (to do/make), 'yenilemek' (to renew), or 'hazırlamak' (to prepare). For instance, 'Hükümet yeni bir altyapı hazırlıyor' (The government is preparing a new infrastructure). You should also be comfortable with the abstract meaning of 'foundation' or 'groundwork'. If you are starting a new project, you can say 'Önce altyapıyı kurmalıyız' (First we must establish the infrastructure/groundwork). This level also requires you to handle the buffer letter 'n' when adding case endings to the possessive form: 'altyapısında' (in its infrastructure) or 'altyapısını' (its infrastructure - accusative).

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At the B2 level, 'altyapı' becomes a key term for discussing social, economic, and technical issues. You should use it to explain complex situations, such as the relationship between technology and society. For example, 'Dijital dönüşüm için güçlü bir teknolojik altyapı şart' (A strong technological infrastructure is a must for digital transformation). You will also encounter it in more academic or formal settings, perhaps contrasting it with 'üstyapı' (superstructure) in a sociological discussion. At this stage, you should be familiar with common collocations like 'altyapı eksikliği' (lack of infrastructure) or 'altyapı yatırımı' (infrastructure investment). You can use the word to describe someone's background as well: 'Onun bu iş için yeterli altyapısı var' (He has enough background/foundation for this job). Your usage should be precise, distinguishing it from 'temel' or 'donanım'.

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At the C1 level, you use 'altyapı' with the nuance of a native speaker. You understand its metaphorical implications in various fields. In sports management, you can discuss the 'altyapı modeli' of a club. In economics, you can analyze how 'altyapı projeleri' affect the national debt. You are expected to use the word in complex sentence structures, such as 'Altyapı yetersizliklerinden kaynaklanan sorunlar' (Problems arising from infrastructure inadequacies). You should also be able to use it in the context of music production (the backing track) or linguistic structures (the underlying grammar). Your understanding of the word includes its historical and political baggage in Turkey—how it's often a point of contention in local elections. You can use it to describe the 'intellectual foundation' of a movement or a philosophy with ease.

At the C2 level, 'altyapı' is a tool for sophisticated analysis. You can engage in high-level debates about 'kentsel altyapı stratejileri' (urban infrastructure strategies) or the 'altyapısal reformlar' (structural/infrastructural reforms) needed for a country. You grasp the Marxist theoretical framework of 'altyapı-üstyapı' (base and superstructure) and can use it to critique cultural phenomena. You are also aware of the most subtle uses, such as in software engineering where 'altyapı' might refer to the specific orchestration of microservices. Your speech and writing use the word naturally in idiomatic expressions and professional jargon. You can write a policy paper or a technical report where 'altyapı' is a central theme, handling all its grammatical and semantic complexities without hesitation.

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練習する例文メモとヒント

altyapı 30秒で

Literally 'sub-structure', used for city infrastructure like roads and pipes.
Commonly refers to the youth academy/development system in Turkish sports.
Used in IT to describe the backend or foundational network systems.
Can be used abstractly to mean someone's foundational knowledge or background.

The Turkish word altyapı is a compound noun formed from alt (bottom/under) and yapı (structure/building). While its most direct English equivalent is infrastructure, its usage in Turkish is remarkably versatile, spanning urban planning, information technology, sports, and even abstract philosophy. In its most literal sense, it refers to the physical systems of a city—the hidden veins and arteries like sewage pipes, electrical grids, and fiber optic cables that allow a society to function. However, if you are a football fan in Turkey, you will hear this word constantly in a different context: the youth academy of a sports club. When a commentator says a player came from the altyapı, they mean the player was nurtured within the club's developmental system from a young age.

Physical Infrastructure: The systems of transportation, communication, sewage, water, and electric systems of a country or community. Example: Şehrin altyapısı yetersiz. (The city's infrastructure is insufficient.)
Sports/Development: The youth setup or academy of a professional sports team. Example: Genç yetenekler altyapıdan yetişiyor. (Young talents are being raised from the youth academy.)
Technological Foundation: The underlying framework of a software system or network. Example: İnternet altyapısı yenileniyor. (The internet infrastructure is being renewed.)

In a sociological or Marxist context, altyapı corresponds to the 'base' (substructure), representing the forces and relations of production, which stands in contrast to üstyapı (superstructure), which includes culture, law, and religion. This distinction is crucial for academic Turkish. Furthermore, when building a business or a project, Turks use altyapı to describe the necessary groundwork or preparation required before the 'visible' work begins. Without a solid altyapı, any project is seen as doomed to fail. This is why you will often hear managers talk about 'strengthening the infrastructure' when they actually mean improving internal processes or training staff.

Yeni yapılacak olan hastanenin altyapı çalışmaları tamamlandı.

Translation: The infrastructure works for the new hospital to be built have been completed.

Culturally, the lack of altyapı is a common complaint in Turkish daily life, especially during heavy rains when streets might flood. In these moments, the word takes on a political and critical tone. It represents the invisible but essential labor of the state or local municipality. On the flip side, in the tech world, Turkey has seen massive investments in fiber optic altyapı, making it a buzzword in telecommunications marketing. Whether you are discussing the literal pipes under the street or the metaphorical foundation of a child's education, altyapı is the word that describes what lies beneath, supporting everything else.

Using altyapı correctly requires understanding its role as a compound noun and how it interacts with Turkish suffixes. Because it ends in a vowel-consonant structure (ı), it follows standard declension rules. However, when it is part of a noun compound—which it very often is—it takes the third-person possessive suffix -ı (or -si if it were a different word, but here it becomes altyapısı). For example, 'transportation infrastructure' is ulaşım altyapısı. Notice how altyapı becomes altyapısı to show the relationship between the two nouns.

Nominative Case: Used as the subject. Altyapı çok eski. (The infrastructure is very old.)
Dative Case (-ya): Indicating direction or investment. Altyapıya yatırım yapmalıyız. (We must invest in the infrastructure.)
Locative Case (-da): Indicating location or state. Altyapıda büyük sorunlar var. (There are big problems in the infrastructure.)

In professional settings, the word is frequently paired with verbs like kurmak (to establish), güçlendirmek (to strengthen), or yenilemek (to renew). If you are talking about a software project, you might say, Projenin teknik altyapısını hazırlıyoruz (We are preparing the technical infrastructure of the project). Here, altyapısını contains the possessive suffix -ı and the accusative marker -nı because it is the definite object of the verb.

Eğitim sisteminin altyapısı dijital çağa uygun hale getirilmeli.

Translation: The infrastructure of the education system should be made suitable for the digital age.

Another common usage is in the phrase altyapı çalışmaları. This is the go-to term for construction work involving pipes or cables under the road. If you see a 'Road Work' sign in Turkey, it often implies altyapı çalışması. In sports, the phrase altyapı oyuncusu refers to a 'homegrown player' or a player from the academy. This is a high praise for clubs like Altınordu or Ajax, known for their productive altyapı.

Finally, consider the abstract usage. If you say someone has a 'good altyapı' (İyi bir altyapısı var), you might be talking about their educational background or their foundational knowledge in a specific subject. It implies they have a solid base upon which they can build further expertise. This is a common way to compliment a student or a junior employee.

The word altyapı is omnipresent in Turkish public discourse. You will encounter it most frequently in the evening news during segments about urban development or local municipality achievements. Mayors often boast about how many kilometers of altyapı they have laid down, as it is a sign of 'unseen' but essential service. In these contexts, it is almost synonymous with 'civilization' and 'modernity'. If a neighborhood lacks proper altyapı, it is often viewed as neglected or underdeveloped.

Belediye başkanı, mahalledeki altyapı sorunlarını çözeceğine söz verdi.

Translation: The mayor promised to solve the infrastructure problems in the neighborhood.

In the world of Turkish sports, particularly football (soccer), altyapı is a holy word. Fans and commentators constantly debate why Turkish clubs buy expensive foreign players instead of investing in their own altyapı. You will hear phrases like altyapı devrimi (infrastructure/academy revolution) or altyapı hocası (academy coach). For a young Turkish boy, being 'selected for the altyapı' (altyapıya seçilmek) of a big club like Galatasaray or Fenerbahçe is a life-changing dream.

News & Politics: Discussions about city planning, fiber internet expansion, and earthquake preparedness.
Sports Commentary: Analyzing the development of young players and the financial health of clubs.
Corporate Meetings: Talking about the IT backend, database structures, or the foundational training of staff.

If you are in the tech industry in Istanbul or Ankara, altyapı refers to your server stack or the network architecture. A developer might say, Bu altyapı bu kadar trafiği kaldırmaz (This infrastructure cannot handle this much traffic). It is also used in the context of 'cloud infrastructure' (bulut altyapısı). Essentially, whenever there is a system where the visible output depends on a complex hidden foundation, altyapı is the word of choice. Even in music, the backing track or the beat of a song is sometimes referred to as the altyapı, especially in rap or pop music production.

For English speakers, the most common mistake is using altyapı when they actually mean temel (foundation). While they are related, temel is usually used for the concrete base of a single building or the 'basics' of a subject (like 'the foundations of math'). Altyapı is much broader and refers to a system or a network. You wouldn't say a house has an 'altyapı' in the sense of its physical concrete base; you would say it has a temel. However, the house's connection to the city's water and power is part of the altyapı.

Altyapı vs. Temel: Temel is for a specific building or a starting point. Altyapı is for a system (city, sports club, internet).
Altyapı vs. Tesis: Tesis means 'facility' (like a factory or a gym). Altyapı is the underlying network that supports those facilities.

Another mistake is grammatical. Because altyapı is a compound noun (alt + yapı), learners often forget that it acts as a single unit. When you want to say 'social infrastructure', you say sosyal altyapı (adjective + noun). But when you want to say 'city infrastructure', you must use the noun compound form: şehir altyapısı. Forgetting that possessive suffix -ı is a very frequent error for intermediate learners.

Yanlış: Şehir altyapı çok eski.
Doğru: Şehir altyapısı çok eski.

Note: Noun compounds require the possessive suffix on the second word.

Lastly, don't confuse altyapı with donanım (hardware). In IT, donanım refers to the physical machines (servers, computers), while altyapı refers to the entire setup, including the network, cabling, and sometimes the basic software environment. If you tell a technician 'the altyapı is broken', they will look at the cables and network settings. If you say 'the donanım is broken', they will look for a fried motherboard.

To sound more natural in Turkish, it's helpful to know the synonyms and related terms for altyapı. Depending on the level of formality and the specific field, you might choose a different word. For instance, in very formal or old-fashioned academic texts, you might encounter the Ottoman-rooted word tyapı is sometimes replaced by esas or temel when discussing the 'basis' of an argument.

Temel (Foundation/Base): Used for the physical base of a building or the fundamental principles of a science. Binanın temeli sağlam. (The building's foundation is solid.)
Donanım (Equipment/Hardware): Used in technical contexts or to describe a person's skills. Onun teknik donanımı çok yüksek. (His technical equipment/background is very high.)
Kuruluş (Establishment/Organization): Used when referring to the institutional foundation of a company or state. Devletin kuruluşu. (The establishment of the state.)

In the context of sports, there isn't a perfect synonym for altyapı, but you might hear özkaynak düzeni (resource system), a term popularized by the Beşiktaş gymnastics club to emphasize using internal resources rather than external ones. In urban planning, bayındırlık is an older term that refers to the state of being developed or having public works, though it's less common today than altyapı.

Bu projenin altyapısı (infrastructure) hazır, sadece üst yapısı (superstructure) kaldı.

Comparison: Altyapı is what's underneath; Üstyapı is what's on top.

When comparing altyapı to şebeke (network), remember that şebeke usually refers to the pattern of connections (like an electrical grid or a criminal ring), while altyapı refers to the total system that makes those connections possible. If you say 'internet şebekesi', you are talking about the web of connections; if you say 'internet altyapısı', you are talking about the cables, servers, and regulatory framework.

How Formal Is It?

豆知識

The word was popularized during the Language Revolution in Turkey to replace the Arabic-origin word 'tyapı' is now used in everything from Marxist theory to football scouting.

発音ガイド

UK /alt.ja.pɯ/

US /alt.jɑ.pʊ/

The stress is typically on the last syllable: altyaPÍ.

韻が合う語

yapı kapı tapı çapı sapı atlı tatlı katlı

よくある間違い

Pronouncing 'ı' as 'i' (like 'ee' in beet).
Putting the stress on the first syllable 'ALT'.
Treating 'alt' and 'yapı' as two separate words with a pause.
Pronouncing 'y' as 'j'.
Making the 'a' sound too long.

難易度

読解 3/5

Easy to recognize in context, but technical texts can be dense.

ライティング 4/5

Requires correct handling of noun compounds and possessive suffixes.

スピーキング 4/5

Pronouncing the 'ı' correctly is the main challenge.

リスニング 3/5

Commonly heard in news and sports broadcasts.

次に学ぶべきこと

前提知識

alt yapı şehir takım sorun

次に学ぶ

üstyapı bayındırlık yatırım donanım sürdürülebilirlik

上級

diyalektik materyalizm kentsel dönüşüm lojistik ağlar

知っておくべき文法

Noun Compounds

İnternet altyapı-sı (The internet infrastructure)

Buffer 'n' with Possessives

Altyapısı-n-da (In its infrastructure)

Ablative with Source

Altyapı-dan (From the infrastructure/academy)

Dative with Investment

Altyapı-ya (To/into the infrastructure)

Adjective formation with -sal

Altyapı-sal (Infrastructural)

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レベル別の例文

Bu köyün altyapısı yok.

This village has no infrastructure.

Uses the possessive -ı and 'yok' for negation.

Altyapı çok önemli.

Infrastructure is very important.

Simple subject-adjective sentence.

O, altyapıda oynuyor.

He plays in the youth academy.

Locative case -da added to altyapı.

Yeni altyapı lazım.

New infrastructure is needed.

Uses 'lazım' for necessity.

Altyapı nedir?

What is infrastructure?

Simple question with 'nedir'.

Şehirde altyapı çalışması var.

There is infrastructure work in the city.

Compound noun: altyapı çalışması.

Altyapı basketbol için de var.

There is also a youth academy for basketball.

Use of 'de' for 'also'.

Babam altyapı hocası.

My father is a youth academy coach.

Compound noun: altyapı hocası.

Belediye altyapıyı yeniliyor.

The municipality is renewing the infrastructure.

Accusative case -yı added to altyapı.

İnternet altyapısı burada çok yavaş.

The internet infrastructure is very slow here.

Possessive compound: internet altyapısı.

Altyapıdan beş oyuncu geldi.

Five players came from the youth academy.

Ablative case -dan (from).

Eski binaların altyapısı kötü.

The infrastructure of old buildings is bad.

Genitive-possessive: binaların altyapısı.

Altyapıya yatırım yapmak gerekiyor.

It is necessary to invest in infrastructure.

Dative case -ya (to/into).

Bu mahallenin altyapısı ne zaman bitecek?

When will this neighborhood's infrastructure be finished?

Future tense 'bitecek'.

Altyapı sorunları can sıkıyor.

Infrastructure problems are annoying.

Plural 'sorunları'.

Hangi takımın altyapısı daha iyi?

Which team's youth academy is better?

Interrogative 'hangi'.

Şirketin teknolojik altyapısını güçlendirdik.

We strengthened the company's technological infrastructure.

Double suffix: altyapı-sı-nı (possessive + accusative).

Altyapı yetersizliği nedeniyle elektrikler kesildi.

The power went out due to infrastructure inadequacy.

Noun phrase: altyapı yetersizliği.

İyi bir altyapı olmadan başarı gelmez.

Success does not come without a good foundation.

Using 'olmadan' (without).

Eğitim altyapımız her geçen gün gelişiyor.

Our education infrastructure is developing every day.

First person plural possessive: altyapı-mız.

Altyapıda çalışan işçiler grev yapıyor.

Workers working in the infrastructure are on strike.

Participle 'çalışan' modifying 'işçiler'.

Bu projenin altyapısında büyük hatalar var.

There are big mistakes in the infrastructure/groundwork of this project.

Locative with possessive: altyapısı-n-da.

Altyapı çalışmaları trafiği olumsuz etkiledi.

Infrastructure works negatively affected the traffic.

Past tense 'etkiledi'.

Sporcular altyapıdan yetişerek profesyonel oluyor.

Athletes become professional by growing up from the youth academy.

Adverbial 'yetişerek' (by growing up).

Ülkenin ulaşım altyapısı son on yılda modernize edildi.

The country's transportation infrastructure has been modernized in the last ten years.

Passive voice: modernize edildi.

Yazılımın altyapısını tamamen değiştirmemiz gerekiyor.

We need to completely change the software's infrastructure.

Genitive 'yazılımın' + possessive/accusative 'altyapısını'.

Kentsel dönüşüm sadece bina yapmak değil, altyapıyı da düzeltmektir.

Urban transformation is not just building houses, it's also fixing the infrastructure.

Infinitive 'düzeltmektir' used as a predicate.

Altyapı yatırımları uzun vadede meyvesini verir.

Infrastructure investments bear fruit in the long run.

Idiomatic 'meyvesini vermek'.

Deprem sonrası altyapı sistemleri çöktü.

Infrastructure systems collapsed after the earthquake.

Postposition 'sonrası'.

Bilgi altyapısı zayıf olan toplumlar geri kalır.

Societies with weak information infrastructure fall behind.

Relative clause 'olan'.

Altyapı oyuncularına daha fazla şans verilmelidir.

More chances should be given to youth academy players.

Passive necessity 'verilmelidir'.

Fiber altyapı tüm şehre yayıldı.

Fiber infrastructure spread throughout the city.

Reflexive/Passive sense 'yayıldı'.

Ekonomik kriz, altyapı projelerinin durmasına neden oldu.

The economic crisis caused infrastructure projects to stop.

Causal construction: 'neden oldu'.

Bu felsefi akımın altyapısını antik Yunan düşüncesi oluşturur.

Ancient Greek thought forms the foundation of this philosophical movement.

Abstract usage of altyapı.

Altyapısal sorunlar giderilmeden sürdürülebilir kalkınma mümkün değildir.

Sustainable development is not possible without resolving structural/infrastructural problems.

Adjective 'altyapısal' and 'giderilmeden' (without being resolved).

Kulüp, altyapı modelini revize ederek başarıyı yakaladı.

The club achieved success by revising its youth academy model.

Adverbial 'ederek'.

Veri altyapısının güvenliği en öncelikli konumuzdur.

The security of the data infrastructure is our top priority issue.

Triple noun compound: veri altyapısının güvenliği.

Sanatçının müzikal altyapısı oldukça zengin.

The artist's musical background/foundation is quite rich.

Metaphorical usage for 'background'.

Altyapı hizmetlerinin özelleştirilmesi tartışmalara yol açtı.

The privatization of infrastructure services led to debates.

Compound: altyapı hizmetleri.

Şehrin drenaj altyapısı sel felaketini önleyemedi.

The city's drainage infrastructure could not prevent the flood disaster.

Negative potential 'önleyemedi'.

Marksist kuramda altyapı, toplumsal bilinci belirleyen temel unsurdur.

In Marxist theory, the base (infrastructure) is the fundamental element that determines social consciousness.

Academic/Theoretical context.

Kritik altyapı tesislerinin siber saldırılara karşı korunması milli güvenlik meselesidir.

Protecting critical infrastructure facilities against cyber attacks is a matter of national security.

Complex noun phrase as subject.

Demokrasinin kurumsal altyapısı henüz tam olarak oturmuş değil.

The institutional infrastructure of democracy is not yet fully established.

Abstract political usage.

Lojistik altyapıdaki aksaklıklar tedarik zincirini bozuyor.

Disruptions in the logistics infrastructure are breaking the supply chain.

Locative-adjective '-daki'.

Bilimsel araştırmaların altyapısını oluşturacak laboratuvarlar kurulmalı.

Laboratories that will form the infrastructure of scientific research should be established.

Future participle 'oluşturacak' as an adjective.

Altyapı yetersizliği, doğrudan yabancı yatırımların önündeki en büyük engeldir.

Infrastructure inadequacy is the biggest obstacle in front of foreign direct investments.

Complex sentence structure.

Şehrin dijital ikizi, altyapı yönetiminde devrim yaratacak.

The city's digital twin will revolutionize infrastructure management.

Compound: altyapı yönetimi.

Kültürel altyapı, bir milletin geleceğini inşa eden sessiz güçtür.

Cultural infrastructure is the silent power that builds a nation's future.

Metaphorical/Philosophical usage.

よく使う組み合わせ

altyapı yatırımı

altyapı eksikliği

teknik altyapı

spor altyapısı

altyapı çalışması

bilgi altyapısı

altyapı hocası

dijital altyapı

altyapı projesi

altyapı oyuncusu

よく使うフレーズ

altyapısı sağlam

— Having a solid foundation, either physically or metaphorically.

Onun matematik altyapısı sağlam.

altyapıdan yetişmek

— To be raised in the youth academy of a club.

Arda Güler, Fenerbahçe altyapısından yetişti.

altyapı kurmak

— To establish the necessary foundation or systems.

Yeni bir iş için önce altyapı kurmak lazım.

altyapı hazırlamak

— To prepare the groundwork for something.

Gelecek projeler için altyapı hazırlıyoruz.

altyapı sorunu

— A problem related to the underlying systems.

İstanbul'un en büyük sorunu altyapı sorunu.

altyapı yetersizliği

— The state of not having enough infrastructure.

Altyapı yetersizliği gelişimi engelliyor.

altyapı desteği

— Support provided for infrastructural needs.

Devlet, teknoparklara altyapı desteği veriyor.

altyapı sistemi

— The overall system of infrastructure.

Ulaşım altyapı sistemi yenilenmeli.

altyapı hizmetleri

— Services related to infrastructure (water, gas, etc.).

Altyapı hizmetleri aksamadan devam etmeli.

altyapı maliyeti

— The cost of building or maintaining infrastructure.

Altyapı maliyeti bütçeyi aştı.

よく混同される語

altyapı vs temel

Temel is for a specific house or a 'basic' starting point. Altyapı is for a whole system.

altyapı vs donanım

Donanım is physical hardware. Altyapı is the network and system behind it.

altyapı vs üstyapı

Üstyapı is the opposite—the visible buildings or cultural superstructure.

慣用句と表現

"altyapı oluşturmak"

— To create a basis or preparation for a future action.

Bu görüşmeler barış için bir altyapı oluşturacak.

formal

"temeli altyapıdan atmak"

— To start building from the very bottom/youth level.

Başarıyı yakalamak için temeli altyapıdan atmalıyız.

neutral

"altyapısı boş"

— Lacking foundational knowledge or a solid plan.

Bu projenin altyapısı boş, tutmaz.

informal

"altyapıya inmek"

— To focus on the youth academy or the core issues.

Sorunu çözmek için altyapıya inmemiz lazım.

neutral

"altyapı devrimi"

— A radical change in the foundational systems.

Eğitimde bir altyapı devrimi şart.

journalistic

"altyapıdan gelmek"

— To have started from the youth academy or the bottom of a hierarchy.

O, bu şirkete altyapıdan gelmiş bir yönetici.

neutral

"altyapıyı güçlendirmek"

— To reinforce the foundation or the youth systems.

Ekonomiyi düzeltmek için altyapıyı güçlendirmeliyiz.

formal

"altyapı feda etmek"

— To neglect the foundation for short-term gains.

Transfer yapmak için altyapıyı feda etmeyelim.

sports

"altyapı kurbanı"

— Someone or something that fails due to lack of infrastructure.

Yeni açılan fabrika altyapı kurbanı oldu.

neutral

"altyapı harikası"

— A masterpiece of engineering or youth development.

Bu yeni tünel bir altyapı harikası.

enthusiastic

間違えやすい

altyapı vs tesisat

Both relate to pipes and wires.

Tesisat is the specific plumbing or wiring inside a building. Altyapı is the city-wide system.

Evin tesisatı yenilendi ama sokağın altyapısı hala eski.

altyapı vs şebeke

Both refer to networks.

Şebeke refers to the grid/pattern of connections. Altyapı is the entire foundational system.

Elektrik şebekesi altyapının bir parçasıdır.

altyapı vs kuruluş

Both can mean 'foundation'.

Kuruluş is the act of establishing an organization. Altyapı is the system that supports it.

Şirketin kuruluşu 1990'da oldu ama teknolojik altyapısı yeni kuruldu.

altyapı vs donatı

Both are structural terms.

Donatı refers to reinforcement materials (like rebar) in construction. Altyapı is the system.

Betonun içindeki donatı sağlam ama binanın altyapısı sorunlu.

altyapı vs esas

Both mean 'basis'.

Esas is more abstract, meaning 'the main point'. Altyapı is more systematic.

Bu kuralın esası adalettir.

文型パターン

[Noun] altyapısı var/yok.

Köyün altyapısı yok.

[Noun] altyapısını [Verb].

Belediye altyapıyı yeniliyor.

[Adjective] altyapı [Verb].

Güçlü bir altyapı kurduk.

Altyapı yetersizliği nedeniyle [Result].

Altyapı yetersizliği nedeniyle sular kesildi.

[Abstract Noun] altyapısını [Verb].

Bu fikrin altyapısını hazırladık.

Altyapısal reformlar [Requirement].

Altyapısal reformlar kaçınılmaz hale geldi.

Altyapıdan yetişen [Noun].

Altyapıdan yetişen oyuncular başarılı.

Altyapıya yatırım [Verb].

Altyapıya yatırım yapmak geleceği kurtarır.

語族

名詞

yapı

altyapı

üstyapı

yapılanma

yapıcı

動詞

yapmak

yapılanmak

yapılandırmak

形容詞

yapısal

altyapısal

yapılı

yapay

使い方

frequency

Very high in news, sports, and technical fields.

よくある間違い

Şehir altyapı → Şehir altyapısı
In Turkish noun compounds, the second noun must take the possessive suffix.
Evin altyapısı sağlam. → Evin temeli sağlam.
For a single building's foundation, use 'temel'. 'Altyapı' is for systems.
Altyapıda oynuyorum. → Altyapıda oynuyorum.
Wait, this is actually correct! But learners often forget the locative '-da'.
Altyapıyı donanımla karıştırmak. → Donanım (Hardware) vs Altyapı (System).
Don't use altyapı when you specifically mean physical equipment like a computer.
Altyapısi → Altyapısı
The word ends in 'ı', so the suffix is '-ı', not '-i'. Watch your vowel harmony!

ヒント

City Context

When you see roads being dug up in Turkey, the word you will hear most is 'altyapı'. It's the go-to term for anything related to utilities.

Football Fans

If you want to talk like a Turkish football expert, talk about the 'altyapı'. It shows you understand the importance of youth development.

Suffix Alert

Remember the compound rule: 'Internet altyapısı' (not just altyapı). The '-ı' at the end is crucial for noun-noun relationships.

IT Professionals

Use 'altyapı' for your server architecture or network setup. It's the standard term in Turkish tech companies.

Sociology Students

If you study Marx in Turkish, 'altyapı' is the word for 'base'. Pair it with 'üstyapı' for 'superstructure'.

The 'ı' sound

The final 'ı' is like the 'u' in 'butter' but with the tongue further back. Don't make it sound like 'ee'!

Groundwork

Use 'altyapı hazırlamak' when you are in the early phases of a project. It sounds very professional.

Solid Background

To compliment a student, say 'Altyapın çok iyi'. It means they have a great foundation to learn more.

Alt-Yapı

Think of 'Alt' as 'under' (like an altitude from the bottom) and 'Yapı' as 'structure'. Under-structure.

Word Family

Learning 'yapmak' (to do) and 'yapı' (structure) helps you understand 'altyapı' (infrastructure) and 'üstyapı' (superstructure).

暗記しよう

記憶術

Think of 'ALT' as the ALTernator under your car's hood—it's the hidden 'YAPI' (structure) that keeps everything running. Without the ALT-YAPI, the car (city) won't move.

視覚的連想

Imagine a giant iceberg. The part under the water is the 'altyapı' (alt = under). The part above is the 'üstyapı' (üst = above).

Word Web

şehir yol su elektrik internet genç takım futbol temel

チャレンジ

Try to find three different news articles online: one about a city, one about a football team, and one about technology, all containing the word 'altyapı'.

語源

Modern Turkish compound. 'Alt' is a Proto-Turkic root meaning 'bottom' or 'under'. 'Yapı' comes from the verb 'yapmak' (to do/make) with the suffix '-ı', meaning 'something made' or 'structure'.

元の意味： Sub-structure or bottom-structure.

Turkic

文化的な背景

No specific sensitivities, but complaining about a city's 'altyapı' is a national pastime.

While English uses 'infrastructure' mostly for roads and bridges, Turkish uses 'altyapı' much more frequently for sports academies and personal backgrounds.

Altınordu FK: A Turkish club famous for its 'altyapı' (youth academy). Marxist Theory: 'Altyapı ve Üstyapı' is a standard academic phrase in Turkish universities. Metro Istanbul: Often cited in 'altyapı' success stories.

実生活で練習する

実際の使用場面

Urban Planning

kanalizasyon altyapısı
elektrik şebekesi
altyapı yenileme
su boruları

Sports

altyapı seçmeleri
genç yetenek
altyapı antrenörü
akademiden yetişme

Information Technology

sunucu altyapısı
veri tabanı
network altyapısı
güvenlik duvarı

Education

temel eğitim
altyapı oluşturma
bilgi birikimi
akademik temel

Economics

altyapı fonu
kamu yatırımı
yap-işlet-devret
ekonomik temel

会話のきっかけ

"Sizce Türkiye'nin en büyük altyapı sorunu nedir?"

"Hangi futbol kulübünün altyapısı en başarılı?"

"Şirketinizde teknolojik altyapı yeterli mi?"

"Yeni bir dil öğrenirken nasıl bir altyapı oluşturmalıyız?"

"Şehrinizdeki altyapı çalışmaları hayatınızı nasıl etkiliyor?"

日記のテーマ

Gelecekteki hayalleriniz için bugün nasıl bir altyapı kuruyorsunuz?

Modern bir şehrin altyapısı sizce nasıl olmalı?

Spor kulüplerinin altyapıya yatırım yapması neden önemlidir?

İnternet altyapısı çökerse hayatımız nasıl değişir?

Kendi eğitim altyapınızı yeterli buluyor musunuz? Hangi alanlarda eksikleriniz var?

よくある質問

10 問

Yes, but metaphorically. It refers to their background, education, or foundational training. 'Onun altyapısı çok sağlam' means they have a very good educational or technical base.

No. It is widely used in sports (youth academies), IT (backend/networks), and even music (backing tracks/beats).

Use 'temel' for the concrete base of a building or the 'basics' of a subject. Use 'altyapı' for a system like a city's water network or a sports club's academy.

The most common term is simply 'altyapı'. Example: 'Beşiktaş altyapısı'.

It is a neutral word used in both everyday news and high-level academic or technical discussions.

It refers to construction work on the infrastructure, like laying pipes, cables, or fixing roads.

Yes, especially in rap, hip-hop, and pop music, the beat or instrumental track is called 'altyapı'.

The plural is 'altyapılar'. It is used when referring to multiple different systems (e.g., 'ulaşım ve enerji altyapıları').

Yes, 'altyapısal' means 'infrastructural'. It is used in formal contexts.

It is the opposite of 'altyapı'. It means 'superstructure'—the visible buildings, or in sociology, the culture and laws built upon the economic base.

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