müsaade 30秒で
- Müsaade is the formal Turkish word for permission, used to show respect in social interactions.
- It is commonly heard as 'Müsaadenizle' (With your permission) when leaving or interrupting.
- Unlike 'izin', it carries a tone of elegance and is used to ask for physical space or social leave.
- It is a compound verb when paired with 'etmek' (to allow) or 'istemek' (to ask for).
The Turkish word müsaade is a sophisticated and culturally rich noun that translates to 'permission,' 'allowance,' or 'consent.' Rooted in the Arabic word musā'ada, which originally carries connotations of 'helping' or 'facilitating,' it has evolved in the Turkish language to represent a polite, often formal request for someone to allow an action or to grant passage. While the word izin is the most common synonym for 'permission,' müsaade carries a weight of etiquette (adab) and refinement (nezaket) that makes it indispensable in formal, professional, and traditional social settings.
- The Social Function
- In Turkish culture, asking for müsaade is not just about getting a 'yes' or 'no'; it is about acknowledging the hierarchy or the space of the other person. For example, when leaving a dinner party, one doesn't simply say 'I am going.' Instead, one says 'Müsaadenizle' (With your permission), which signals respect for the host's company.
- The Spatial Function
- If you are on a crowded bus and need to reach the door, saying müsaade or 'Müsaade eder misiniz?' is the standard way to ask people to move aside. It is more polite than saying 'Pardon' and more specific than 'Geçebilir miyim?' (Can I pass?).
"Efendim, eğer müsaade buyurursanız, bu konudaki şahsi fikrimi beyan etmek isterim."
Historically, müsaade was also used in the Ottoman administrative context to refer to the confiscation of property (müsadere), but in modern Turkish, that legal meaning has largely disappeared, leaving only the sense of granting leave or consent. You will encounter this word in classic Turkish literature, legal documents, and in the daily speech of older generations or those who value 'İstanbul Türkçesi' (the refined Istanbul dialect). Understanding this word is key to mastering the social nuances of the Turkish language, particularly the concept of nezaket (politeness).
"Bize kendimizi açıklamamız için hiç müsaade tanımadılar."
In a modern business context, müsaade is often used in the phrase 'müsaade etmek' (to permit/allow). For instance, a software program might ask for 'müsaade' to access your files, though 'erişim izni' (access permission) is becoming more common in tech. However, in interpersonal business relations, using müsaade when interrupting a meeting or asking for a moment of someone's time shows a high level of professional maturity.
Using müsaade correctly requires understanding its grammatical flexibility. It is most commonly used as a noun, but it frequently combines with auxiliary verbs like etmek (to do/make) or istemek (to want/ask for) to create functional phrases.
- Müsaade Etmek (To Permit/Allow)
- This is the standard verb form. It takes a dative case (-e/-a) for the action being permitted. Example: 'Bu duruma müsaade edemeyiz.' (We cannot allow this situation.)
- Müsaade İstemek (To Ask for Permission)
- Used when you need authorization. Example: 'Dışarı çıkmak için müsaade istedim.' (I asked for permission to go out.)
- Müsaadenizle (With Your Permission)
- The most common polite formula used when leaving a room, hanging up a phone, or starting to speak. It literally means 'with your permission.'
"Hava şartları müsaade ederse yarın yola çıkacağız."
In formal writing, müsaade can also be used to mean 'opportunity' or 'room.' For example, 'Bu bütçe yeni yatırımlara müsaade etmiyor' (This budget doesn't allow for/permit new investments). Here, it functions similarly to the English 'allow for.'
"Lütfen konuşmama müsaade edin!"
Another interesting usage is 'müsaade buyurmak,' which is an extremely formal and old-fashioned way of saying 'to grant permission,' often used in historical dramas or when addressing someone of very high status. Conversely, 'müsaadeniz olursa' (if you permit) is a gentler alternative to 'müsaadenizle.'
"Bana biraz müsaade verin, düşüneyim."
The word müsaade is ubiquitous in Turkey, but its frequency varies depending on the social 'temperature' of the environment. Here is where you are most likely to hear it:
- On Public Transport: When someone is trying to get off a crowded bus or metro, they will say 'Müsaade eder misiniz?' or simply 'Müsaade!' to prompt others to move. It is the polite 'excuse me' of the Turkish transit system.
- At the Dinner Table: When a guest wants to leave the table or the house, they will say 'Bana müsaade' (Permission for me/I'm taking my leave). The host might reply 'Müsaade sizin' (The permission is yours), which is a polite way of saying 'Of course, you may go.'
- In Formal Meetings: A participant might say 'Müsaadenizle bir ekleme yapmak istiyorum' (With your permission, I would like to make an addition) before speaking.
- In Old Turkish Movies (Yeşilçam): You will hear this word constantly in classic cinema, where characters speak with a higher degree of formal etiquette. It evokes a sense of nostalgia for a more 'gentlemanly' era.
"Anne, akşam arkadaşlarla dışarı çıkmak için müsaade alabilir miyim?"
Interestingly, in some regions, müsaade is used almost as a synonym for 'time' or 'space.' If someone says 'Biraz müsaade et,' they might mean 'Give me a second' or 'Give me some space.' It is less about a formal decree and more about social 'breathing room.'
In medical or technical contexts, you might hear 'müsaade edilen limitler' (permitted limits). However, in these cold, clinical settings, 'izin' is slowly replacing müsaade. To sound like a native speaker who has a deep command of the language's social graces, prioritize müsaade in social interactions and 'izin' in administrative ones.
Even advanced learners can trip up on the nuances of müsaade. Here are the most frequent pitfalls:
- Mistake 1: Spelling and Pronunciation
- Many learners spell it as 'müsade' (with one 'a'). In Turkish, the double 'a' represents a long vowel sound from the original Arabic. Pronouncing it too quickly makes it sound like a different word or simply incorrect.
- Mistake 2: Over-using it in Casual Settings
- While it's polite, saying 'müsaadenizle' to your best friend before going to the bathroom might sound overly formal or even sarcastic. In very casual settings, 'hadi ben kaçtım' (I'm off) or 'izninle' is more common.
- Mistake 3: Confusing 'Müsaade' with 'İzin'
- If you are asking for a day off from work, you ask for 'izin' (annual leave). If you ask for 'müsaade' in that context, it sounds like you are asking for a moment to speak, not a formal vacation day.
Incorrect: "Yıllık müsaademi kullanmak istiyorum."
Correct: "Yıllık iznimi kullanmak istiyorum."
Another mistake is the word order in the phrase 'Bana müsaade.' Some learners try to say 'Müsaade bana,' which sounds unnatural. The standard idiom for taking one's leave is 'Bana müsaade' (Permission for me/to me).
Finally, remember that 'müsaade etmek' is a compound verb. The auxiliary 'etmek' must be conjugated correctly. For example, 'müsaade ettiler' (they permitted) or 'müsaade ediyorlar' (they are permitting). Using it without 'etmek' as a verb is a common beginner error.
Turkish has several words for permission, each with its own 'flavor.' Choosing the right one depends on the context and the level of formality you wish to convey.
- İzin (Permission / Leave)
- The most common and neutral term. Used for work leave, parental permission, or general authorization. It is less 'elegant' than müsaade but more practical.
- Ruhsat (License / Permit)
- Specifically refers to official, written, or legal permits, such as a driver's license (ehliyet/ruhsat) or a building permit. You wouldn't use this to ask someone to move on a bus.
- Onay (Approval / Consent)
- Means 'confirmation' or 'approval.' Used when a plan is submitted and needs a 'thumbs up.' It is more about agreement than granting leave.
- İcazet (Authorization / Diploma)
- A very formal, traditional term often used in religious or master-apprentice contexts. It implies that someone has reached the proficiency to perform a task independently.
- Destur (Permission / Way!)
- An archaic term often heard in historical contexts. It was used to announce the arrival of a high-ranking official or to ask for 'spiritual' permission before entering a dark room (to ward off spirits).
Comparison:
1. "Bize izin verdiler." (Neutral/Informative)
2. "Bize müsaade ettiler." (Polite/Formal)
When in doubt, use 'izin' for facts and 'müsaade' for manners. If you are writing a formal letter to a government office, 'müsaade' can sometimes sound a bit too 'interpersonal,' so 'izin' or 'onay' might be safer. However, in a face-to-face meeting with a potential business partner, 'müsaade' will make you sound much more respectful and culturally integrated.
豆知識
While the Arabic root means 'help', in Turkish it shifted to 'permission'. The logic is that by giving someone permission, you are 'helping' them perform the action they desire. In modern Arabic, 'musā'ada' still means 'help', which can confuse Turkish speakers learning Arabic!
発音ガイド
- Pronouncing it as 'müsade' (short 'a').
- Pronouncing the 'ü' as 'u' (like 'moosade').
- Dropping the final 'e'.
- Putting the stress on the first syllable.
- Confusing it with 'müsait' during fast speech.
レベル別の例文
Müsaade eder misiniz?
Will you give permission? (Excuse me)
A polite question using the aorist tense.
Lütfen müsaade!
Please, permission! (Excuse me!)
Short imperative-like request.
Bana müsaade.
Permission to me. (I'm leaving.)
Dative case 'bana' + noun.
Müsaade var mı?
Is there permission? (Can I?)
Simple existential sentence with 'var'.
Müsaadenizle geçebilir miyim?
With your permission, can I pass?
Possessive suffix + instrumental case.
Müsaade yok.
There is no permission.
Negative existential sentence.
Biraz müsaade lütfen.
A little permission please. (Give me some space.)
Noun phrase with an adjective.
Müsaade senin.
Permission is yours. (Go ahead.)
Possessive pronoun as a predicate.
Annem dışarı çıkmama müsaade etmedi.
My mother did not permit my going out.
Compound verb 'müsaade etmek' in the past negative.
Müsaadenizle bir soru sorabilir miyim?
With your permission, can I ask a question?
Polite formulaic opening.
Doktor biraz müsaade istedi.
The doctor asked for some permission (time/space).
Subject + object + verb 'istemek'.
Bu akşam bize müsaade edin.
Give us permission this evening. (Leave us alone.)
Imperative form of 'müsaade etmek'.
Müsaade ederseniz ben başlayayım.
If you permit, let me start.
Conditional 'ederseniz' + optative 'başlayayım'.
Öğretmen konuşmamıza müsaade etmiyor.
The teacher doesn't allow our talking.
Dative of the verbal noun (-mamıza).
Müsaadenizle artık kalkalım.
With your permission, let's get up (leave) now.
Optative first person plural 'kalkalım'.
Babamdan müsaade aldım.
I got permission from my father.
Ablative case 'babamdan' + 'müsaade almak'.
Hava müsaade ederse yarın denize gireceğiz.
If the weather permits, we'll swim tomorrow.
Personification of 'hava' (weather) as the subject.
Müsaadenizle bu konuyu kapatmak istiyorum.
With your permission, I want to close this subject.
Infinitive 'kapatmak' as an object of 'istiyorum'.
Müsaade ederseniz size yardım edebilirim.
If you permit, I can help you.
Conditional + potential 'edebilirim'.
Lütfen biraz müsaade edin, işimi bitireyim.
Please give me some room, let me finish my work.
Imperative + optative sequence.
Müsaadenizle bir telefon görüşmesi yapmam lazım.
With your permission, I need to make a phone call.
Necessitative 'lazım' with a verbal noun.
Bu bütçe yeni bir araba almamıza müsaade etmez.
This budget won't allow us to buy a new car.
Aorist negative for a general truth.
Müsaadenizle toplantıdan erken ayrılmak zorundayım.
With your permission, I have to leave the meeting early.
Obligative 'zorundayım'.
Sizden bir günlüğüne müsaade istiyorum.
I am asking for permission/a day off from you.
Ablative 'sizden' + 'müsaade istemek'.
Sağlık durumum seyahat etmeme müsaade etmiyor.
My health condition doesn't allow me to travel.
Abstract subject + dative verbal noun.
Müsaadenizle araya girip bir noktayı düzeltmek isterim.
With your permission, I'd like to intervene and correct a point.
Adverbial 'girip' (by entering/intervening).
Kurallar buna hiçbir şekilde müsaade etmez.
The rules do not permit this in any way.
Emphatic 'hiçbir şekilde'.
Müsaadenizle kendimi kısaca tanıtayım.
With your permission, let me introduce myself briefly.
Optative first person singular.
Bize biraz müsaade verirseniz seviniriz.
We would be happy if you gave us some space/time.
Conditional + aorist (polite request).
Bu ortam ders çalışmama müsaade etmiyor.
This environment doesn't allow me to study.
Environmental subject.
Müsaadenizle konuyu biraz daha açmak istiyorum.
With your permission, I want to elaborate on the subject more.
Idiomatic 'konuyu açmak' (to elaborate).
Müsaade buyurursanız size eşlik edeyim.
If you grant permission, let me accompany you.
Formal 'buyurmak' auxiliary.
Şartlar müsaade ettiği takdirde projeyi tamamlayacağız.
In the event that conditions permit, we will complete the project.
Conditional structure 'ettiği takdirde'.
Müsaadenizle, bu iddiayı çürütecek kanıtları sunuyorum.
With your permission, I am presenting the evidence that will refute this claim.
Future participle 'çürütecek' (that will refute).
Vicdanım bu haksızlığa müsaade etmemi engelliyor.
My conscience prevents me from permitting this injustice.
Complex sentence with 'engellemek' and a verbal noun.
Müsaadenizle, toplantının geri kalanını asistanım yönetecek.
With your permission, my assistant will manage the rest of the meeting.
Future tense 'yönetecek'.
Zamanın müsaade ettiği ölçüde her soruyu yanıtlayacağım.
I will answer every question to the extent that time permits.
Relative clause 'ettiği ölçüde'.
Müsaade ediniz de kendimizi savunalım.
Grant us permission so that we may defend ourselves.
Formal imperative 'ediniz' + 'de' conjunction.
Eğer müsaade buyurursanız, bu kadim geleneği anlatalım.
If you would grant permission, let us explain this ancient tradition.
Formal 'buyurmak' and 'kadim' (ancient).
Bu yapısal sorunlar binanın genişletilmesine müsaade etmez.
These structural issues do not permit the expansion of the building.
Passive verbal noun 'genişletilmesine'.
Müsaadenizle, bu ontolojik tartışmaya farklı bir zaviyeden yaklaşalım.
With your permission, let us approach this ontological debate from a different angle.
Academic vocabulary (ontolojik, zaviye).
Hukuki mevzuat, bu tür bir tasarrufa asla müsaade etmemektedir.
Legal legislation never permits this kind of disposition/usage.
Formal '-mekte' present continuous.
Müsaade buyurduğunuz takdirde, maruzatımı arz etmek isterim.
In the event you grant permission, I wish to present my petition/request.
Highly formal/archaic language (maruzat, arz etmek).
Zihnimin yorgunluğu daha fazla odaklanmama müsaade etmiyor.
The fatigue of my mind does not permit me to focus any further.
Metaphorical usage.
Müsaadenizle, bu girift meseleyi bizzat ben üstleniyorum.
With your permission, I am personally taking on this intricate matter.
Adjective 'girift' (intricate).
Eserin özgünlüğü, üzerinde herhangi bir tahrifat yapılmasına müsaade etmez.
The originality of the work does not permit any falsification/alteration to be made on it.
Noun 'tahrifat' (alteration/falsification).
Müsaadenizle, sözlerimi bir şairin mısralarıyla noktalamak istiyorum.
With your permission, I want to conclude my words with the verses of a poet.
Formal 'noktalamak' (to conclude/punctuate).
Kaderin müsaade etmediği hiçbir vuslat gerçekleşmez.
No reunion happens that destiny does not permit.
Philosophical/Literary 'vuslat' (reunion).
よく使う組み合わせ
よく使うフレーズ
— With your permission. Used when leaving, interrupting, or starting an action.
Müsaadenizle ben çıkıyorum.
— I'm taking my leave. A polite way to say goodbye at a gathering.
Geç oldu, artık bana müsaade.
— The permission is yours. A polite reply to someone saying they are leaving.
— Bana müsaade. — Müsaade sizin, yine bekleriz.
— Will you permit? Used to ask someone to move or to allow an action.
Müsaade eder misiniz, kapıya ulaşmam lazım.
— If you would permit. A gentler, more conditional version of müsaadenizle.
Müsaadeniz olursa bir şey sormak istiyorum.
— God willing / If God permits. Similar to 'İnşallah'.
Allah müsaade ederse yarın görüşürüz.
— To ask for permission and leave. A standard social sequence.
Erken müsaade isteyip ayrıldı.
— Give me permission so that... Often used when asking for room to finish a task.
Müsaade verin de işimi yapayım.
— It is not permitted. Used for rules or prohibitions.
Burada sigara içilmesine müsaade edilmez.
— A little room! (Excuse me!). Often said quickly in a crowd.
Bir müsaade arkadaşlar, geçiyorum!
慣用句と表現
— Go ahead / You are free to go. Used as a polite response to someone asking to leave.
Tabii ki, müsaade sizin.
Neutral/Polite— To manage to get permission after some effort or persuasion.
Zor da olsa babamdan müsaade kopardım.
Informal— To grant permission (used by a superior or in high formal settings).
Paşa hazretleri müsaade buyurdular.
Very Formal— To let someone do something or to allow a situation to continue.
Gürültüye daha fazla müsaade edemem.
Neutral— Excuse me for a minute. Used to step away briefly.
Müsaadenizle bir dakika, hemen geliyorum.
Polite— If there is permission. Used tentatively before doing something.
Müsaade varsa içeri girebilir miyim?
Polite— To ask for permission as a way of showing respect, even if not strictly required.
Büyüklerden müsaade istemeden sofraya oturmazdı.
Cultural— To not allow, to block, or to be stingy with space/time.
Hiç müsaade vermeden konuşuyor.
Neutral— As much as (it) permits. Often used with time or health.
Gözlerim müsaade ettiği kadar okuyacağım.
Literary— Time to ask for permission (to leave).
Artık müsaade isteme vaktimiz geldi.
Social語族
名詞
動詞
形容詞
関連
暗記しよう
記憶術
Think of 'Müsaade' as 'Must-Add-A' (you must add an extra 'a' sound to the middle). Imagine asking for permission to 'Add A' chair to a table.
視覚的連想
Imagine a gentleman in a top hat bowing and saying 'Müsaadenizle' as he steps through a doorway. The bow represents the politeness of the word.
Word Web
チャレンジ
Try to use 'Müsaadenizle' at least three times today: once when leaving a room, once before asking a question, and once when getting past someone.
語源
Borrowed from Arabic 'musā'ada' (مساعدة), which is the verbal noun of 'sā'ada' (ساعد), meaning 'to help' or 'to assist'.
元の意味： In Arabic, it primarily means 'assistance' or 'help'.
Semitic (Arabic) origin, adapted into the Oghuz branch of Turkic languages.文化的な背景
In English, we often use 'Excuse me' for both physical space and social leave. Turkish splits this: 'Affedersiniz' is for mistakes or getting attention, while 'Müsaade' is specifically for requesting the 'allowance' to do something.
Summary
The word 'müsaade' is more than just 'permission'; it is a tool of Turkish etiquette. Master the phrase 'Müsaadenizle' to navigate social situations with grace, and use 'müsaade etmek' when you want to sound more professional or refined than using 'izin vermek'.
- Müsaade is the formal Turkish word for permission, used to show respect in social interactions.
- It is commonly heard as 'Müsaadenizle' (With your permission) when leaving or interrupting.
- Unlike 'izin', it carries a tone of elegance and is used to ask for physical space or social leave.
- It is a compound verb when paired with 'etmek' (to allow) or 'istemek' (to ask for).
関連コンテンツ
generalの関連語
aksine
B1それどころか、もっと悪くなった。
aktarmak
B1お金やデータをある場所から別の場所へ移すこと。
aktif
B1活動的な、アクティブな。人やシステムが動いている状態を指します。
akıbet
C1物事の最後、あるいは運命。「その計画の結末（akıbet）はまだ分からない。」
akıl
A2mind, intellect, wisdom
algılamak
B2五感や知性を通じて何かを知覚すること。
alternatif
B1An option or choice other than the present
alçak
B1このテーブルはとても低い (alçak) です。
ana
B1主な、主要な。 '主な道路' (ana yol)。 'この本の主題' (bu kitabın ana teması)。
aniden
B1突然に、急に。予期せぬことが起こる様子。
