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B1 noun #4,000 よく出る 11分で読める

نزدیکان

nazdikan 上位4,000

練習する例文メモとヒント نزدیکان 30秒で

解説 نزدیکان in your Level:

At the A1 level, you should focus on the root of this word: **نزدیک (nazdik)**, which means 'near' or 'close'. You might use it to talk about a house being near a park. **نزدیکان (nazdikān)** is just the plural version used for people. Think of it as 'the close people'. At this stage, you don't need to use it in complex sentences. Just remember that if someone is 'nazdik' to you in your life, they are your 'nazdikān'. You can use it to talk about your family and best friends. For example, 'My nazdikān live in Tehran.' It is a useful word because it covers many people at once. You don't have to say 'my mom, my dad, my brother, and my best friend'; you can just say 'my nazdikān'. Remember that in Persian, we add '-ān' to some words to make them plural when we talk about people. It's a special way to show respect and warmth. Focus on the sound: naz-dik-ān. It has three syllables. Try to use it when you want to say 'my inner circle' or 'my family and friends'. It's a very friendly word!

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At the A2 level, you can start using **نزدیکان (nazdikān)** to describe your social life. This word is more than just 'near'; it implies a relationship. You will often use it with possessive endings like **نزدیکانم (nazdikānam)** which means 'my close ones'. You can use this word when talking about who you spend your holidays with or who you invite to your birthday party. For example, 'I spent Nowruz with my نزدیکان.' It's a step up from just saying 'family' (khānevāde). It shows you understand that some friends can be as close as family. You should also notice that this word is plural. You wouldn't use it for just one person. If you want to talk about one person, you would say 'a close friend' or 'a close relative'. But when you want to talk about your whole group of 'VIP' people, **نزدیکان** is the perfect word. In Persian culture, these people are very important because they help you when you are sad or celebrate with you when you are happy. Practice saying 'با نزدیکانم' (bā nazdikānam - with my close ones). It's a very common phrase you will hear in stories and conversations.

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At the B1 intermediate level, you should understand the nuance between **نزدیکان (nazdikān)** and other similar words like 'fāmil' or 'khishāvandān'. While 'fāmil' is very casual and 'khishāvandān' is formal/legal, **نزدیکان** sits in the middle—it is respectful, warm, and widely used in both writing and speech. At this level, you should be able to use it in more complex sentences, such as 'He consulted with his close ones before making a decision' (او قبل از تصمیم‌گیری با نزدیکانش مشورت کرد). You should also be aware of the cultural significance. In Iran, the 'inner circle' is a very important concept. Being part of someone's **نزدیکان** means you have a high level of trust. You will see this word in news reports about famous people, where the 'nazdikān' provide comments to the press. It is also used in the context of mourning; the 'nazdikān' are the ones who receive condolences. Try to incorporate this word into your writing when you want to sound more sophisticated than just using 'family and friends'. It shows a better grasp of Persian vocabulary and social structure.

At the B2 level, you should be comfortable using **نزدیکان (nazdikān)** in various registers, from formal reports to literary analysis. You should understand that the '-ān' suffix is a mark of a more classical or formal plural, which gives the word a certain weight and dignity. At this level, you can use it to discuss social obligations and the concept of 'privacy' (harim-e khosusi) in Persian culture. The **نزدیکان** are those who are permitted into one's private sphere. You might encounter this word in psychological or sociological texts in Persian, discussing the importance of a support system. For example, 'The role of close ones in the recovery of patients is undeniable.' You should also be able to use the word in the Ezafe construction with more abstract nouns, like 'نزدیکانِ فکری' (intellectual intimates/those with similar thoughts). Pay attention to how the word is used in modern Persian literature to explore the tension between individual desires and the expectations of one's inner circle. Using **نزدیکان** instead of more basic terms demonstrates your ability to navigate the subtle social hierarchies embedded in the Persian language.

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At the C1 advanced level, you should appreciate the poetic and historical depth of **نزدیکان (nazdikān)**. This word isn't just a label; it's a statement of relational proximity that has been explored by Persian poets for centuries. You should be able to analyze its usage in classical texts where it might be contrasted with 'bigāne' (the stranger/the other). At this level, you should recognize the word's role in legal and inheritance contexts (Arsh-e Nazdikān), where 'proximity' to the deceased determines rights. You should also be able to use it metaphorically. For instance, in a political context, the 'nazdikān' of a leader refers to their 'inner cabinet' or 'confidants', often implying a circle of influence that may be opaque to the public. Your usage should reflect an understanding of the 'Andaruni/Biruni' (inner/outer) dichotomy in Iranian life. When you use **نزدیکان**, you are acknowledging a boundary of intimacy that is sacred in Persian culture. You should also be able to distinguish it from the more archaic 'khishān' or the highly formal 'aqrabā', choosing the correct term based on the precise tone of your discourse, whether it be a formal lecture, a legal brief, or a nuanced piece of creative writing.

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At the C2 level of mastery, you should have an instinctive feel for the resonance of **نزدیکان (nazdikān)** within the vast tapestry of Persian discourse. You understand that this word carries the echoes of centuries of social ethics, where the 'near ones' are the primary locus of moral responsibility. You can use it with total precision in high-level academic writing, perhaps discussing the 'sociology of proximity' in the Middle East, or in literary criticism when discussing the portrayal of domestic life in the works of writers like Simin Daneshvar or Mahmoud Dowlatabadi. You should be able to manipulate the word in complex rhetorical structures, such as using it in ironic or paradoxical ways (e.g., 'the loneliness among one's close ones'). Furthermore, you should be familiar with its appearance in mystical (Sufi) literature, where 'proximity' (qorb) to the Divine is the ultimate goal, and how 'nazdikān' can sometimes refer to those who have achieved a state of spiritual intimacy. Your mastery allows you to use the word not just as a noun, but as a key to unlocking deeper cultural and philosophical meanings, demonstrating a profound connection to the Persian language and its worldview.

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練習する例文メモとヒント

نزدیکان 30秒で

A plural noun meaning 'close ones', 'relatives', or 'intimates'.
Used for family and very close friends in both formal and informal Persian.
Derived from 'nazdik' (near) with the animate plural suffix '-ān'.
Essential for discussing social circles, privacy, and emotional support.

The word نزدیکان (nazdikān) is a quintessential Persian noun that transcends simple biological classification. Derived from the adjective نزدیک (nazdik), meaning 'near' or 'close', and the plural suffix -ān (reserved specifically for animate beings in formal Persian), it translates literally to 'the close ones'. In the Persian-speaking world, this term is used to describe the inner circle of an individual's life—those who are bound by blood, deep-seated friendship, or intense emotional proximity. Unlike the more clinical term خویشاوندان (khishāvandān), which strictly refers to relatives, نزدیکان carries a warmer, more inclusive connotation that can encompass anyone who is 'near' to one's heart or home.

Core Definition: The collective group of people including immediate family, very close friends, and intimates who share a person's private life.

In social contexts, Iranians often use this word when discussing matters of privacy, inheritance, social obligations, or emotional support. It is a word that defines the boundary between the khodi (insider) and the gharibe (stranger). When someone says they are only inviting their نزدیکان to a wedding, they are signaling an intimate, small-scale event. It implies a level of trust and mutual responsibility that is central to the collectivist nature of Iranian culture.

او تمام اسرار خود را فقط با نزدیکانش در میان می‌گذارد.
(He shares all his secrets only with his close ones/intimates.)

The usage of this word is particularly frequent during holidays like Nowruz (the Persian New Year). During this time, the tradition of did-o-bazdid (visiting and returning visits) begins with the نزدیکان. It serves as a social glue, reinforcing the hierarchy of relationships. In legal and religious discourse, the term also appears when discussing those who have the first right to help or inheritance, reflecting the deep-rooted belief that one's primary duty is to those closest to them.

Sociolinguistic Nuance: The term is inherently plural. While you can say 'fard-e nazdik' (a close person), 'nazdikān' acts as a collective noun representing a sanctuary of support.

در مواقع سختی، انسان به کمک نزدیکان نیاز دارد.
(In times of difficulty, a human needs the help of their close ones.)

Furthermore, the word appears frequently in literature and poetry. Persian poets often contrast the loyalty of نزدیکان with the indifference of the world. However, they also warn that the deepest wounds can come from these very people, as they are the ones who know our vulnerabilities. This dual nature—source of strength and potential source of pain—makes the word a powerful tool for emotional expression in the Persian language. When you use this word, you aren't just identifying people; you are identifying a bond of significant weight.

Formal vs. Informal: In very casual speech, people might just say 'famil-e nazdik' (close family), but 'nazdikān' remains the standard choice for writing, news, and respectful conversation.

Using نزدیکان correctly requires an understanding of Persian possessive constructions and prepositional phrases. Because it is a plural noun referring to people, it often takes the Ezafe construction (the short 'e' sound) when followed by a possessive pronoun or another noun. For example, 'my close ones' is نزدیکانِ من (nazdikān-e man). In more formal or written Persian, this is often shortened using the pronominal suffix -am, becoming نزدیکانم (nazdikānam).

Possessive Usage: Always remember that 'nazdikān' implies a relationship. It is rarely used without a possessive context (whose close ones are they?).

The word often functions as the subject or object of verbs related to communication, gathering, or support. Common verbs paired with نزدیکان include دعوت کردن (da'vat kardan - to invite), اطلاع دادن (ettelā dādan - to inform), and مشورت کردن (mashvarat kardan - to consult). For instance, if you are planning a private dinner, you might say: 'I only invited my close ones' (من فقط نزدیکانم را دعوت کردم).

او از طرف نزدیکانش حمایت شد.
(He was supported by his close ones.)

In more complex sentences, نزدیکان can be used to set a scope of privacy. In Persian culture, there is a strong distinction between the public sphere and the private sphere. The نزدیکان are those allowed into the 'Andaruni' (the inner private quarters of a traditional house). Therefore, sentences involving secrets, financial status, or personal health often feature this word.

Grammatical Pattern: [Subject] + [Preposition] + نزدیکان + [Possessive Suffix] + [Verb]. Example: علی با نزدیکانش مشورت کرد (Ali consulted with his close ones).

Another important usage is in the context of mourning or celebrations. When a death occurs, the نزدیکانِ متوفی (the close ones of the deceased) are the primary mourners. In news reports, you will see phrases like 'Among the attendees were the close ones of the artist'. This provides a respectful way to group family and dear friends together without having to list every cousin or associate.

این خبر باعث نگرانی نزدیکان او شد.
(This news caused concern for his close ones.)

Finally, consider the word's role in comparative sentences. You might say, 'He is closer to his friends than his نزدیکان' (meaning his biological relatives). This highlights the flexibility of the term—it sets a standard of expected closeness that reality can sometimes fail to meet. By mastering the use of نزدیکان, you gain the ability to describe the complex social web of any individual in the Persian-speaking world.

You will encounter نزدیکان in a variety of settings, ranging from high-brow literature to evening news broadcasts and hospital waiting rooms. Its versatility stems from its ability to be both respectful and deeply personal. One of the most common places to hear it is in the media. When a high-profile figure, such as a politician or a celebrity, is involved in an event, journalists will often report on the reactions or presence of their نزدیکان. This avoids the need for specific names while acknowledging the most important people in that person's life.

News & Journalism: Used to refer to the inner circle of public figures. Example: 'نزدیکان رئیس‌جمهور این خبر را تکذیب کردند' (The President's close ones denied this news).

In the realm of Persian cinema and television dramas (which are a great resource for learners), نزدیکان is a staple word. It is used in dialogue to discuss family loyalty, betrayals, and the emotional stakes of relationships. A character might lament, 'I didn't expect this from my نزدیکان!' This usage highlights the cultural expectation that those closest to you should be your greatest allies.

مراسم تشییع جنازه با حضور نزدیکان برگزار شد.
(The funeral ceremony was held with the presence of close ones.)

In everyday life, you might hear this word during social planning. If someone is hosting a party and you ask who is coming, they might respond, 'Just نزدیکان'. This is a polite way of saying the event is not open to acquaintances or 'gharibe-hā' (strangers/outsiders). It sets a tone of informality and comfort. Additionally, in religious or ethical sermons, speakers often talk about the rights of نزدیکان, emphasizing that charity and kindness should begin at home.

Social Contexts: Used to define the 'inner circle' for events, dinners, or sharing sensitive information.

If you are reading Persian literature, particularly classical works or modern novels, نزدیکان is used to explore themes of intimacy and trust. A poet might write about the 'nazdikān' as a source of warmth in a cold world. In legal documents, such as wills or contracts involving family businesses, the term is used to define a specific class of related individuals who have certain rights or responsibilities. Understanding this word gives you a key to understanding the structure of Iranian society itself—a society built on concentric circles of proximity.

او همیشه به فکر رفاه نزدیکانش است.
(He is always thinking about the welfare of his close ones.)

While نزدیکان is a straightforward word, learners often stumble over its pluralization and its distinction from other 'family' words. One common mistake is trying to use the plural suffix -hā with the adjective nazdik to refer to people. While nazdik-hā is grammatically possible in some contexts (like 'the nearby ones' referring to objects), it sounds unnatural when referring to relatives or intimates. Always use نزدیکان for people.

Mistake 1: Incorrect Plural: Saying 'nazdik-hā' instead of 'nazdikān' when referring to family or close friends. 'Nazdikān' is a fixed lexical item for this concept.

Another frequent error is confusing نزدیکان with خانواده (khānevāde). While they overlap, they are not identical. Khānevāde usually refers to the nuclear or extended biological family. نزدیکان is broader—it includes those family members but also includes friends who are 'like family'. If you only mean your mother, father, and siblings, khānevāde is more precise. If you mean the whole group of people you are close to, نزدیکان is the better choice.

❌ من با نزدیک‌هایم به سینما رفتم.
✅ من با نزدیکانم به سینما رفتم.
(I went to the cinema with my close ones.)

Learners also sometimes forget the Ezafe when using possessives. Because نزدیکان ends in the 'n' sound, the Ezafe is a clear 'e' sound. It is nazdikān-e u (his close ones), not nazdikān u. Furthermore, don't confuse نزدیکان with همسایگان (hamsāyegān - neighbors). While neighbors are physically near, they are not necessarily نزدیکان in the emotional or relational sense.

Mistake 2: Over-Formalization: Using 'khishāvandān' in a casual conversation about friends. Stick to 'nazdikān' for a balance of warmth and respect.

او فقط به نزدیکانش اعتماد دارد.
(He only trusts his close ones.)

Lastly, be careful with the singular form. While نزدیک is the singular adjective, there isn't a singular noun form 'nazdikān' (obviously). If you want to refer to one specific close person, you should use یکی از نزدیکان (yeki az nazdikān - one of the close ones) or فردِ نزدیک (fard-e nazdik). Using 'nazdikān' to refer to a single person is a common grammatical slip for beginners.

Persian is rich with terms for relationships, and choosing the right one depends on the level of formality and the specific type of bond you want to emphasize. نزدیکان is the most versatile middle-ground term. However, there are several alternatives you should know to sound more like a native speaker.

نزدیکان vs. خویشاوندان (Khishāvandān): Difference: Khishāvandān is formal and strictly refers to biological or legal relatives (blood or marriage). Nazdikān is warmer and can include very close friends.

Another common word is اقوام (aqvām). This is the plural of qom (tribe/people) but in modern Persian, it refers to 'extended family' or 'kinsfolk'. You would use aqvām when talking about the large group of relatives you see at big weddings or family reunions. It feels slightly more 'tribal' or 'group-oriented' than the personal and intimate نزدیکان.

همه اقوام در عروسی شرکت کردند.
(All the relatives/kin attended the wedding.)

For a very informal, everyday term, you can use فامیل (fāmil). This is borrowed from the French 'famille' and is used extensively in spoken Persian to mean 'relatives'. While you might say 'fāmil-e nazdik' (close family), using نزدیکان in the same context sounds a bit more elegant and thoughtful.

نزدیکان vs. دوستانِ صمیمی (Dustān-e Samimi): Difference: Dustān-e samimi specifically means 'intimate friends'. Nazdikān can include these friends, but it primarily implies the whole inner circle, including family.

Lastly, there is the term بستگان (bastegān). This comes from the verb bastan (to tie/bind). So, bastegān are 'those who are bound to you'. It is very similar to khishāvandān and is commonly used in administrative contexts or news to refer to relatives. If you want to emphasize the emotional bond, نزدیکان is still your best bet. If you want to emphasize the legal or biological tie, bastegān or khishāvandān are more appropriate.

او هیچ بستگانی در این شهر ندارد.
(He has no relatives in this city.)

By understanding these nuances, you can move beyond simple translations and start choosing words that reflect the exact social and emotional landscape you wish to describe. نزدیکان remains the 'heart' word of the group—the one that speaks to the people who truly matter.

How Formal Is It?

豆知識

The suffix '-ān' is one of the oldest plural markers in Persian. While modern Persian often uses '-hā' for objects, '-ān' has survived primarily for human beings and certain poetic or natural elements (like 'derakhtān' for trees).

発音ガイド

UK /næzdiːˈkɒːn/

US /næzdiːˈkɑːn/

The primary stress is on the final syllable: 'kān'.

韻が合う語

پایان (pāyān) ایران (irān) خوبان (khubān) دوستان (dustān) آسمان (āsemān) قهرمان (qahramān) مهربان (mehrabān) رایگان (rāyegān)

よくある間違い

Pronouncing the first 'a' like the 'a' in 'father' (it should be short like 'apple').
Misplacing the stress on the first or second syllable.
Failing to pronounce the final 'n' clearly.
Shortening the long 'i' (ee) in the middle syllable.
Confusing the plural suffix '-ān' with '-un' in very formal writing (though '-un' is common in some spoken dialects).

難易度

読解 3/5

Easy to recognize if you know 'nazdik', but the '-ān' suffix might be confused by beginners.

ライティング 4/5

Requires correct use of the Ezafe and possessive suffixes.

スピーキング 3/5

Common word, but learners must avoid using 'nazdik-hā'.

リスニング 3/5

Clear pronunciation, but can be missed in fast spoken Persian.

次に学ぶべきこと

前提知識

نزدیک (nazdik) دوست (dust) خانواده (khānevāde) با (bā) من (man)

次に学ぶ

خویشاوندان (khishāvandān) صمیمیت (samimiyat) اعتماد (e'temād) حریم خصوصی (harim-e khosusi) بستگان (bastegān)

上級

اقربا (aqrabā) خویشان و تبار (khishān o tabār) اندرونی (andaruni) صله رحم (sele-ye rahem)

知っておくべき文法

Animate Plural Suffix '-ān'

نزدیک (near) -> نزدیکان (close people). This suffix is used for living beings.

Ezafe Construction with Plurals

نزدیکانِ علی (Ali's close ones). The 'e' sound links the noun to the owner.

Possessive Pronominal Suffixes

نزدیکانم (my close ones), نزدیکانت (your close ones), نزدیکانش (his/her close ones).

Direct Object Marker 'rā'

من نزدیکانم را دیدم. (I saw my close ones.)

Subjunctive after 'Bāyad'

ما باید به نزدیکانمان کمک کنیم. (We must help our close ones.)

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レベル別の例文

نزدیکان من در ایران هستند.

My close ones are in Iran.

The word 'man' (my) follows the noun with an Ezafe (the hidden 'e' sound).

او با نزدیکانش به پارک رفت.

He went to the park with his close ones.

The suffix '-ash' means 'his' or 'her'.

نزدیکان شما کجا زندگی می‌کنند؟

Where do your close ones live?

'Shomā' is the formal or plural 'you'.

من نزدیکانم را دوست دارم.

I love my close ones.

The 'rā' indicates that 'nazdikānam' is the direct object of the verb.

نزدیکان او مهربان هستند.

His/her close ones are kind.

'Hastand' is the plural form of 'to be'.

آیا نزدیکان شما اینجا هستند؟

Are your close ones here?

'Āyā' is a question marker used at the beginning of sentences.

نزدیکان من امروز می‌آیند.

My close ones are coming today.

'Mi-āyand' is the present continuous/simple plural of 'to come'.

او برای نزدیکانش هدیه خرید.

He bought gifts for his close ones.

'Barāye' is the preposition for 'for'.

ما عید را با نزدیکان جشن می‌گیریم.

We celebrate the New Year (Eid) with close ones.

'Jashn migirim' is the first person plural of 'to celebrate'.

نزدیکان او همیشه به او کمک می‌کنند.

His close ones always help him.

'Hamishe' means 'always' and usually comes before the verb.

من فقط نزدیکانم را به مهمانی دعوت کردم.

I only invited my close ones to the party.

'Faqat' means 'only' and limits the scope of the object.

او از نزدیکانش خداحافظی کرد.

He said goodbye to his close ones.

'Khodāhāfezi kardan' is a compound verb meaning 'to say goodbye'.

نزدیکان بیمار در بیمارستان هستند.

The patient's close ones are at the hospital.

'Bimār' means 'patient'. The Ezafe links 'nazdikān' and 'bimār'.

آیا شما با نزدیکان خود مشورت کردید؟

Did you consult with your close ones?

'Khod' is the reflexive pronoun 'self/own'.

نزدیکان او از موفقیتش خوشحال شدند.

His close ones became happy about his success.

'Khoshhāl shodan' means 'to become happy'.

ما باید به نزدیکان خود احترام بگذاریم.

We must respect our close ones.

'Bāyad' (must) is followed by the subjunctive form of the verb.

او تمام اسرار زندگی‌اش را به نزدیکانش می‌گوید.

He tells all his life secrets to his close ones.

'Asrār' is the plural of 'serr' (secret).

در زمان بیماری، حضور نزدیکان بسیار تسکین‌دهنده است.

During illness, the presence of close ones is very soothing.

'Taskin-dahande' is a compound adjective meaning 'soothing/comforting'.

نزدیکان نویسنده از انتشار کتاب جدید او خبر دادند.

The author's close ones gave news of the publication of his new book.

This is a common journalistic structure in Persian.

او هیچ‌گاه از حمایت نزدیکانش بی‌نیاز نبوده است.

He has never been without the need for his close ones' support.

'Bi-niyāz' means 'needless/independent'.

اختلاف بین نزدیکان می‌تواند بسیار دردناک باشد.

Dispute between close ones can be very painful.

'Ekhtelāf' means 'dispute' or 'difference'.

او سعی می‌کند وقت بیشتری را با نزدیکانش بگذراند.

He tries to spend more time with his close ones.

'Begozarānd' is the subjunctive form of 'gozarāndan' (to spend time).

نزدیکان او در مراسم تقدیر از او شرکت کردند.

His close ones participated in the ceremony honoring him.

'Taqdir' means 'appreciation' or 'honoring'.

اعتماد به نزدیکان یکی از اصول زندگی اوست.

Trusting close ones is one of the principles of his life.

'E'temād be' means 'trust in'.

نزدیکان رئیس‌جمهور دخالت در این پرونده را رد کردند.

The President's close ones denied involvement in this case.

In political contexts, 'nazdikān' refers to the inner circle/advisors.

او ترجیح می‌دهد مسائل مالی را فقط با نزدیکانش مطرح کند.

He prefers to raise financial issues only with his close ones.

'Matrah kardan' means 'to raise/propose' a topic.

فشار نزدیکان گاهی باعث تصمیمات اشتباه می‌شود.

Pressure from close ones sometimes causes wrong decisions.

'Feshār' means 'pressure'.

او در وصیت‌نامه‌اش بخشی از اموالش را به نزدیکانش بخشید.

In his will, he bequeathed part of his property to his close ones.

'Vasiyat-nāme' means 'will/testament'.

حفظ حریم خصوصی در برابر نزدیکان نیز لازم است.

Maintaining privacy even against close ones is necessary.

'Harim-e khosusi' is the standard term for 'privacy'.

او از سوی نزدیکانش به خاطر این رفتار مورد انتقاد قرار گرفت.

He was criticized by his close ones for this behavior.

'Mored-e enteghād gharār gereftan' is a passive construction for 'to be criticized'.

نزدیکان او از وضعیت جسمانی وی ابراز نگرانی کردند.

His close ones expressed concern about his physical condition.

'Ebrāz kardan' means 'to express'.

او همیشه به وفاداری نزدیکانش ایمان داشت.

He always had faith in the loyalty of his close ones.

'Vafādāri' means 'loyalty'.

در اشعار کلاسیک، مرز میان نزدیکان و بیگانگان بسیار ظریف است.

In classical poems, the boundary between close ones and strangers is very subtle.

'Bigānegān' is the plural of 'stranger/outsider'.

نزدیکان فکری او در شکل‌گیری این نظریه نقش بسزایی داشتند.

His intellectual intimates played a significant role in the formation of this theory.

'Nazdikān-e fekri' refers to those with shared ideologies.

او در اوج قدرت، تنها به حلقه کوچکی از نزدیکانش اعتماد می‌کرد.

At the height of power, he only trusted a small circle of his close ones.

'Halqe' means 'circle' or 'ring'.

پیوند میان نزدیکان فراتر از مسائل مادی و دنیوی است.

The bond between close ones is beyond material and worldly matters.

'Peyvand' means 'bond' or 'connection'.

گاه نزدیکان انسان به دلیل شناخت عمیق، بیشترین آسیب را می‌زنند.

Sometimes a person's close ones cause the most harm due to deep knowledge.

'Āsib zadan' means 'to harm' or 'to damage'.

او با وجود دوری از وطن، همواره با نزدیکانش در ارتباط بود.

Despite being away from his homeland, he was always in contact with his close ones.

'Vojud' means 'existence', but 'bā vojud-e' means 'despite'.

نزدیکان وی از هرگونه اظهارنظر درباره شایعات خودداری کردند.

His close ones refrained from any comment regarding the rumors.

'Khoddāri kardan' means 'to refrain' or 'to abstain'.

او میراث معنوی خود را برای نزدیکان و شاگردانش به جا گذاشت.

He left his spiritual legacy for his close ones and students.

'Mirās-e ma'navi' means 'spiritual/intellectual legacy'.

در فلسفه اخلاق، تقدم وظیفه نسبت به نزدیکان همواره مورد بحث بوده است.

In moral philosophy, the priority of duty toward close ones has always been debated.

'Taqaddom' means 'priority' or 'precedence'.

ساختار قدرت در این نظام بر پایه روابط با نزدیکان استوار است.

The power structure in this system is built upon relationships with close ones.

'Ostovār' means 'firm' or 'established'.

او در خاطراتش از خیانت نزدیکان به عنوان تلخ‌ترین تجربه یاد می‌کند.

In his memoirs, he mentions the betrayal of close ones as the bitterest experience.

'Khiyānat' means 'betrayal'.

عرفان اسلامی بر قُرب و نزدیکی تأکید دارد، اما نه لزوماً با نزدیکان جسمانی.

Islamic mysticism emphasizes proximity and nearness, but not necessarily with physical close ones.

'Erfān' is 'mysticism'. 'Qorb' is the Arabic root for 'nearness'.

تأثیرات روانی از دست دادن نزدیکان می‌تواند دهه‌ها باقی بماند.

The psychological effects of losing close ones can remain for decades.

'Az dast dādan' is a polite way to say 'to lose' (by death).

او با ظرافتی خاص، تضادهای درونی نزدیکانش را در رمان به تصویر می‌کشد.

With a specific subtlety, he portrays the internal contradictions of his close ones in the novel.

'Be tasvir keshidan' means 'to portray' or 'to depict'.

نزدیکان وی مدعی هستند که او در اواخر عمر به انزوا پناه برده بود.

His close ones claim that towards the end of his life, he had taken refuge in isolation.

'Modda'i' means 'claimant'.

مسئولیت اجتماعی نباید باعث غفلت از حقوق نزدیکان گردد.

Social responsibility should not lead to the neglect of the rights of close ones.

'Ghaflat' means 'neglect' or 'heedlessness'.

よく使う組み合わせ

نزدیکانِ درجه یک

حلقه نزدیکان

مشورت با نزدیکان

حمایتِ نزدیکان

از دست دادنِ نزدیکان

دعوت از نزدیکان

رازهای نزدیکان

حقوقِ نزدیکان

نزدیکانِ فکری

دوری از نزدیکان

よく使うフレーズ

نزدیکانِ من

— My close ones; my family and dear friends.

نزدیکان من همیشه پشت من هستند.

در جمعِ نزدیکان

— In the company of close ones; in an intimate setting.

او در جمع نزدیکان احساس راحتی می‌کند.

به نقل از نزدیکان

— According to close ones (often used in news).

به نقل از نزدیکان، حال او رو به بهبودی است.

یکی از نزدیکان

— One of the close ones; a close relative or friend.

یکی از نزدیکان او این خبر را تأیید کرد.

نزدیکانِ متوفی

— The close ones of the deceased; the grieving family.

نزدیکان متوفی در صف اول ایستاده بودند.

فقط برای نزدیکان

— Only for close ones; a private event.

این مراسم فقط برای نزدیکان است.

دایره نزدیکان

— The circle of close ones; the inner circle.

او اجازه نمی‌دهد کسی وارد دایره نزدیکانش شود.

خیانتِ نزدیکان

— Betrayal by close ones.

خیانت نزدیکان دردناک‌ترین نوع خیانت است.

دوری و دوستی با نزدیکان

— Keeping a distance for the sake of friendship (even with close ones).

گاهی برای حفظ حرمت، دوری و دوستی با نزدیکان بهتر است.

نزدیکانِ سببی و نسبی

— Relatives by marriage and blood.

او تمام نزدیکان سببی و نسبی‌اش را دعوت کرد.

よく混同される語

نزدیکان vs نزدیک (nazdik)

Nazdik is an adjective (near); nazdikān is a noun (close ones). You can't say 'He is my nazdik'.

نزدیکان vs همسایگان (hamsāyegān)

Neighbors are physically near but are not necessarily 'nazdikān' (intimates).

نزدیکان vs دوستان (dustān)

Friends. All nazdikān might be friends, but not all friends are nazdikān.

慣用句と表現

"چراغی که به خانه رواست به مسجد حرام است"

— What is needed at home (for close ones) should not be given to the mosque (strangers). Charity begins at home.

اول به فکر خانواده‌ات باش، چراغی که به خانه رواست به مسجد حرام است.

Proverbial

"دوری و دوستی"

— Distance makes the heart grow fonder; sometimes staying a bit away from close ones prevents conflict.

با نزدیکانت دوری و دوستی کن تا احترامت حفظ شود.

Common

"از ماست که بر ماست"

— It is from us that it is upon us; our problems are caused by ourselves or our close ones.

شکست ما نتیجه اشتباه نزدیکانمان بود، از ماست که بر ماست.

Literary/Common

"خودی و غیرخودی"

— Insider vs. outsider; often used to describe favoritism toward close ones.

او در شرکت بین خودی و غیرخودی فرق می‌گذارد.

Political/Social

"گوشت هم را بخورند استخوان هم را دور نمی‌اندازند"

— Even if close ones fight (eat each other's flesh), they won't abandon each other (throw away the bones). Blood is thicker than water.

نگران دعوای آن‌ها نباش، نزدیکان گوشت هم را بخورند استخوان هم را دور نمی‌اندازند.

Folk Idiom

"کس نخارد پشت من جز ناخن انگشت من"

— No one will scratch my back except my own fingernail; sometimes even close ones won't help, and you must rely on yourself.

روی کمک هیچ‌کس حساب نکن، کس نخارد پشت من جز ناخن انگشت من.

Proverbial

"آدم از نزدیکانش می‌خورد"

— One gets hurt most by their close ones.

مواظب باش، همیشه آدم از نزدیکانش می‌خورد.

Informal

"نزدیک‌تر از رگ گردن"

— Closer than one's jugular vein; used for extreme intimacy (often referring to God).

خداوند از نزدیکان ماست و به ما نزدیک‌تر از رگ گردن است.

Religious/Poetic

"درِ گوشی حرف زدن با نزدیکان"

— Whispering/confiding in close ones.

او همیشه درِ گوشی با نزدیکانش حرف می‌زند.

Informal

"حساب حساب است، کاکا برادر"

— Business is business, even among brothers/close ones.

پولم را پس بده، حساب حساب است، کاکا برادر.

Common

間違えやすい

نزدیکان vs بستگان

Both mean people related to you.

Bastegān is more formal and usually implies biological/legal ties. Nazdikān is warmer and can include friends.

او برای کارهای اداری به بستگانش نیاز دارد، اما برای درددل به نزدیکانش.

نزدیکان vs خویشاوندان

Both refer to a circle of people.

Khishāvandān is strictly relatives. Nazdikān is the 'inner circle'.

او خویشاوندان زیادی دارد، اما نزدیکانش انگشت‌شمارند.

نزدیکان vs اقوام

Both refer to a group of related people.

Aqvām refers to the broader extended family/kin. Nazdikān refers to the immediate intimates.

در مراسم ختم، همه اقوام آمدند، اما فقط نزدیکان در خانه ماندند.

نزدیکان vs همراهان

Both refer to people with you.

Hamrāhān are companions/travelers with you at a specific time. Nazdikān are people with a permanent emotional bond.

همراهان او در سفر غریبه بودند، نه از نزدیکانش.

نزدیکان vs آشنایان

Both refer to people you know.

Āshnāyān are acquaintances. Nazdikān are much closer.

او آشنایان زیادی دارد، اما به نزدیکانش اعتماد می‌کند.

文型パターン

[Possessive] نزدیکان [Verb]

نزدیکان من مهربان هستند.

با نزدیکان [Possessive] [Verb]

من با نزدیکانم به سفر رفتم.

یکی از نزدیکانِ [Noun] [Verb]

یکی از نزدیکان او بیمار است.

حمایتِ نزدیکان باعث [Noun] شد

حمایت نزدیکان باعث موفقیت او شد.

علیرغمِ [Noun]، نزدیکانش [Verb]

علیرغم مشکلات، نزدیکانش او را ترک نکردند.

مرز میان [Noun] و نزدیکان [Verb]

مرز میان بیگانگان و نزدیکان در این داستان فرو می‌ریزد.

مشورت با نزدیکان برای [Noun]

مشورت با نزدیکان برای ازدواج لازم است.

دعوت از نزدیکان به [Noun]

دعوت از نزدیکان به مهمانی لذت‌بخش است.

語族

名詞

نزدیکی (nazdiki) - closeness/proximity

نزدیکان (nazdikān) - close ones/relatives

動詞

نزدیک شدن (nazdik shodan) - to approach/get close

نزدیک کردن (nazdik kardan) - to bring closer

形容詞

نزدیک (nazdik) - close/near

نزدیک‌بین (nazdik-bin) - nearsighted

使い方

frequency

Commonly used in both written and spoken Persian, especially in emotional or social contexts.

よくある間違い

من با نزدیک‌هایم آمدم. → من با نزدیکانم آمدم.
Using 'nazdik-hā' for people is unnatural. 'Nazdikān' is the dedicated term for close ones.
او یکی نزدیکان من است. → او یکی از نزدیکان من است.
You need the preposition 'az' (from/of) when saying 'one of...'.
نزدیکانِ او خیلی مهربان است. → نزدیکانِ او خیلی مهربان هستند.
The verb must agree with the plural subject 'نزدیکان'.
من نزدیکان را دعوت کردم. → من نزدیکانم را دعوت کردم.
In Persian, you almost always specify *whose* close ones you are talking about using a possessive.
نزدیکان من در خانه هستند (referring to objects). → وسایل من در خانه هستند.
'Nazdikān' is only for people. Do not use it for nearby objects.

ヒント

Choosing the Right Plural

Always use 'nazdikān' for people. Avoid 'nazdik-hā' as it sounds like you are talking about nearby objects.

The Inner Circle

In Iran, 'nazdikān' are the people you can be yourself with. It's a key word for understanding the 'khodi' (insider) culture.

Don't Forget the Ezafe

When connecting 'nazdikān' to a name, always use the 'e' sound: 'nazdikān-e Maryam'.

Broader than Family

Remember that 'nazdikān' can include best friends. It’s about the bond, not just the blood.

Stress the End

The stress is on the last syllable '-kān'. This makes the word sound natural and authoritative.

Journalistic Style

Use 'به گفته‌ی نزدیکان' (according to close ones) when writing reports to sound professional.

Showing Respect

Using 'نزدیکان' when asking about someone's family shows you have a high level of Persian etiquette (Ta'arof).

Emergency Context

In a hospital, 'nazdikān' refers to the legal next-of-kin. It's a vital word for serious situations.

Poetic Nuance

In poetry, 'nazdikān' are often contrasted with 'bigāne' (the stranger) to highlight themes of loyalty.

Root Association

Link 'nazdikān' to 'nazdik' (near). It's simply the 'near-people'.

暗記しよう

記憶術

Think of 'Naz' (comfort/coquetry) and 'Dik' (like 'thick'). Your 'nazdikān' are the people you are 'thick' with and can show your 'naz' to.

視覚的連想

Imagine a small circle of people standing very close together in a warm, golden light, while the rest of the world is in the background.

Word Web

نزدیک (near) خانواده (family) دوست (friend) اعتماد (trust) حمایت (support) صمیمیت (intimacy) خویشاوند (relative) درون (inside)

チャレンジ

Try to list five people who are your 'nazdikān' and write one sentence about why they are 'nazdik' to you using the word.

語源

The word is derived from the Middle Persian (Pahlavi) 'nazdik', which has roots in Old Persian. It is composed of the adjective 'nazdik' (near) and the plural suffix '-ān'.

元の意味： The original meaning in Indo-European roots relates to being at hand or within reach.

Indo-European -> Indo-Iranian -> Iranian -> West Iranian -> Persian.

文化的な背景

Be careful when asking about someone's 'nazdikān' in a very formal setting; it can sometimes be seen as prying into their private life.

In English, we might say 'inner circle' or 'loved ones'. 'Nazdikān' is slightly more formal than 'loved ones' but warmer than 'relatives'.

Saadi's Gulistan mentions the rights of neighbors and 'nazdikān'. Modern Iranian films (like those by Asghar Farhadi) often center on the secrets held by 'nazdikān'. The Persian translation of the Bible uses 'nazdikān' for 'neighbors' in 'Love thy neighbor'.

実生活で練習する

実際の使用場面

Family Gatherings

مهمانی برای نزدیکان
دیدار با نزدیکان
جمعِ گرمِ نزدیکان
دعوت از نزدیکان

Health and Hospitals

اطلاع به نزدیکان
همراهیِ نزدیکان
نگرانیِ نزدیکان
اجازه از نزدیکان

Legal/Wills

ارث برای نزدیکان
حقوقِ نزدیکان
نزدیکانِ درجه یک
وصیت به نزدیکان

News/Media

به گفته‌ی نزدیکان
تکذیبِ نزدیکان
واکنشِ نزدیکان
حلقه نزدیکانِ وی

Emotional Support

تکیه بر نزدیکان
دردِ دل با نزدیکان
وفاداریِ نزدیکان
خیانتِ نزدیکان

会話のきっかけ

"آیا شما معمولاً تعطیلات را با نزدیکان خود می‌گذرانید؟"

"مهم‌ترین ویژگی نزدیکان شما چیست؟"

"چقدر به مشورت با نزدیکان خود اهمیت می‌دهید؟"

"آیا دوستانی دارید که آن‌ها را جزو نزدیکان خود بدانید؟"

"در فرهنگ شما، وظیفه انسان نسبت به نزدیکانش چیست؟"

日記のテーマ

درباره یکی از نزدیکان خود که همیشه حامی شما بوده است بنویسید.

تفاوت بین 'دوستان' و 'نزدیکان' از نظر شما چیست؟

زمانی را توصیف کنید که حضور نزدیکان به شما آرامش داد.

آیا فکر می‌کنید انسان باید تمام رازهایش را با نزدیکانش در میان بگذارد؟ چرا؟

نقش نزدیکان در شکل‌گیری شخصیت شما چه بوده است؟

よくある質問

10 問

No, 'نزدیکان' is plural. To refer to one person, use 'یکی از نزدیکان' (one of the close ones) or 'فردی نزدیک' (a close person).

Generally no. It is reserved for human relationships, as the '-ān' suffix usually denotes animate human beings in this context.

'Fāmil' is a casual word for 'relatives'. 'نزدیکان' is more elegant and includes close friends who are like family.

Yes, if you are referring to a client's inner circle or family in a respectful way, it is appropriate.

You can say 'نزدیکانِ من' (nazdikān-e man) or the more common 'نزدیکانم' (nazdikānam).

It is neutral to formal. It's safe to use in almost any context where you want to show respect and warmth.

Yes, if you are close to them. It defines the relationship by emotional proximity, not just the family tree.

The most direct opposite is 'بیگانگان' (strangers/outsiders) or 'غریبه‌ها'.

'-ān' is a classical Persian plural suffix for living beings. It adds a touch of formality and traditional beauty to the word.

Literally, 'those who are near' could mean neighbors, but in Persian, 'نزدیکان' specifically refers to emotional intimates. Use 'همسایگان' for neighbors.

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