Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds
Double your words to double the intensity: repeat a word or modify its sound to emphasize a quality or action.
- Full reduplication: Repeat the whole word (e.g., 'xinh' -> 'xinh xinh' - cute).
- Partial reduplication: Change the rhyme or initial consonant (e.g., 'đẹp' -> 'đẹp đẽ' - beautiful).
- Intensity focus: Use reduplication to show extreme states or vivid descriptions.
Meanings
Reduplication is a morphological process where a word is repeated or modified to express intensity, attenuation, or vividness.
Intensity
Emphasizing the degree of an adjective.
“Trời xanh xanh.”
“Cô ấy nhỏ nhắn.”
Attenuation
Softening the intensity of an adjective.
“Màu đỏ đỏ.”
“Cái áo vàng vàng.”
Action Vividness
Describing the repetitive nature of an action.
“Anh ấy đi đi lại lại.”
“Cô ấy cười cười nói nói.”
Reduplication Patterns
| Type | Pattern | Example |
|---|---|---|
| Full | A -> AA | Xinh -> Xinh xinh |
| Rhyme | AB -> AB' (rhyme) | Đẹp -> Đẹp đẽ |
| Initial | AB -> A'B (initial) | Vui -> Vui vẻ |
Reference Table
| Form | Structure | Example |
|---|---|---|
| Affirmative | Adj + Adj | Đẹp đẹp |
| Negative | Không + Adj + Adj | Không đẹp đẹp |
| Question | Adj + Adj + không? | Đẹp đẹp không? |
| Attenuation | Adj + Adj | Đỏ đỏ |
| Intensity | Adj + Adj | Xanh xanh |
| Action | Verb + Verb | Đi đi |
フォーマル度スペクトル
Cô ấy rất xinh đẹp. (Describing someone.)
Cô ấy xinh xinh. (Describing someone.)
Em ấy xinh ghê. (Describing someone.)
Xinh xỉu! (Describing someone.)
Reduplication Map
Intensity
- xanh xanh very blue
Attenuation
- đỏ đỏ reddish
レベル別の例文
Cái áo này đỏ đỏ.
This shirt is reddish.
Cô ấy xinh xinh.
She is cute.
Anh ấy đi đi lại lại.
He is pacing back and forth.
Trời xanh xanh, mây trắng trắng.
The sky is blue, the clouds are white.
Cô ấy cứ cười cười nói nói suốt ngày.
She keeps laughing and talking all day.
Dáng điệu cô ấy thật là thướt tha, yểu điệu.
Her demeanor is truly graceful and delicate.
間違えやすい
Learners think any repetition is reduplication.
よくある間違い
đẹp đẹp
đẹp đẽ
vui vui
vui vẻ
xanh xanh (for dark blue)
xanh đậm
xinh xinh (in formal report)
xinh đẹp
文型パターン
Cái này ___ ___.
Real World Usage
Xinh xỉu!
Learn the pattern
Smart Tips
Use reduplication for shades.
発音
Tone
Keep the tones consistent with the root word.
Rising
Đẹp đẹp?
Questioning intensity
暗記しよう
記憶術
Double the sound, double the feeling.
視覚的連想
Imagine a word splitting into two to show it's growing in intensity.
Rhyme
Double the word to make it clear, intensity is what you hear.
Story
I saw a cute girl (xinh xinh). She was walking back and forth (đi đi lại lại). She looked very happy (vui vẻ).
Word Web
チャレンジ
Describe three things in your room using reduplication.
文化メモ
Uses more reduplication for vividness.
Ancient Austroasiatic roots.
会話のきっかけ
Cái áo này màu gì?
日記のテーマ
Test Yourself
Cô ấy rất ___ (xinh).
Score: /1
練習問題
1 exercisesCô ấy rất ___ (xinh).
Score: /1
よくある質問 (1)
No, only specific adjectives and verbs.
Scaffolded Practice
1
Mastery Progress
Needs Practice
Improving
Strong
Mastered
In Other Languages
AA/ABB
Vietnamese has more complex rhyme patterns.
