Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds
Double your words to double the intensity: repeat a word or modify its sound to emphasize a quality or action.
- Full reduplication: Repeat the whole word (e.g., 'xinh' -> 'xinh xinh' - cute).
- Partial reduplication: Change the rhyme or initial consonant (e.g., 'đẹp' -> 'đẹp đẽ' - beautiful).
- Intensity focus: Use reduplication to show extreme states or vivid descriptions.
Meanings
Reduplication is a morphological process where a word is repeated or modified to express intensity, attenuation, or vividness.
Intensity
Emphasizing the degree of an adjective.
“Trời xanh xanh.”
“Cô ấy nhỏ nhắn.”
Attenuation
Softening the intensity of an adjective.
“Màu đỏ đỏ.”
“Cái áo vàng vàng.”
Action Vividness
Describing the repetitive nature of an action.
“Anh ấy đi đi lại lại.”
“Cô ấy cười cười nói nói.”
Reduplication Patterns
| Type | Pattern | Example |
|---|---|---|
| Full | A -> AA | Xinh -> Xinh xinh |
| Rhyme | AB -> AB' (rhyme) | Đẹp -> Đẹp đẽ |
| Initial | AB -> A'B (initial) | Vui -> Vui vẻ |
Reference Table
| Form | Structure | Example |
|---|---|---|
| Affirmative | Adj + Adj | Đẹp đẹp |
| Negative | Không + Adj + Adj | Không đẹp đẹp |
| Question | Adj + Adj + không? | Đẹp đẹp không? |
| Attenuation | Adj + Adj | Đỏ đỏ |
| Intensity | Adj + Adj | Xanh xanh |
| Action | Verb + Verb | Đi đi |
正式程度
Cô ấy rất xinh đẹp. (Describing someone.)
Cô ấy xinh xinh. (Describing someone.)
Em ấy xinh ghê. (Describing someone.)
Xinh xỉu! (Describing someone.)
Reduplication Map
Intensity
- xanh xanh very blue
Attenuation
- đỏ đỏ reddish
按水平分级的例句
Cái áo này đỏ đỏ.
This shirt is reddish.
Cô ấy xinh xinh.
She is cute.
Anh ấy đi đi lại lại.
He is pacing back and forth.
Trời xanh xanh, mây trắng trắng.
The sky is blue, the clouds are white.
Cô ấy cứ cười cười nói nói suốt ngày.
She keeps laughing and talking all day.
Dáng điệu cô ấy thật là thướt tha, yểu điệu.
Her demeanor is truly graceful and delicate.
容易混淆
Learners think any repetition is reduplication.
常见错误
đẹp đẹp
đẹp đẽ
vui vui
vui vẻ
xanh xanh (for dark blue)
xanh đậm
xinh xinh (in formal report)
xinh đẹp
句型
Cái này ___ ___.
Real World Usage
Xinh xỉu!
Learn the pattern
Smart Tips
Use reduplication for shades.
发音
Tone
Keep the tones consistent with the root word.
Rising
Đẹp đẹp?
Questioning intensity
记住它
记忆技巧
Double the sound, double the feeling.
视觉联想
Imagine a word splitting into two to show it's growing in intensity.
Rhyme
Double the word to make it clear, intensity is what you hear.
Story
I saw a cute girl (xinh xinh). She was walking back and forth (đi đi lại lại). She looked very happy (vui vẻ).
Word Web
挑战
Describe three things in your room using reduplication.
文化笔记
Uses more reduplication for vividness.
Ancient Austroasiatic roots.
对话开场白
Cái áo này màu gì?
日记主题
Test Yourself
Cô ấy rất ___ (xinh).
Score: /1
练习题
1 exercisesCô ấy rất ___ (xinh).
Score: /1
常见问题 (1)
No, only specific adjectives and verbs.
Scaffolded Practice
1
Mastery Progress
Needs Practice
Improving
Strong
Mastered
In Other Languages
AA/ABB
Vietnamese has more complex rhyme patterns.
