The Chinese word '少' (shǎo) signifies a small quantity or low degree, often implying insufficiency.
30秒でわかる単語
- Indicates a small quantity or degree.
- Opposite of 'many' or 'much'.
- Used frequently in everyday Chinese.
Overview
“少” (shǎo) 是一个非常基础和常用的中文形容词，表示数量或程度上的不足。它的反义词是“多”(duō)。在日常交流中，“少”的用法非常广泛，可以用来描述人、物、时间、空间等各个方面。理解“少”的用法对于掌握基础的中文数量概念至关重要。
“少”通常用在名词前，直接修饰名词，表示该名词所指的事物数量很少。例如，“少人”(shǎo rén - few people)。它也可以单独使用，或者在句子中充当谓语。例如，“我的朋友很少”(wǒ de péngyǒu hěn shǎo - I have few friends)。在一些固定搭配中，“少”还可以表示“缺乏”或“不常”的意思。
- 1描述数量：公园里人很少。 (Gōngyuán lǐ rén hěn shǎo. - There are few people in the park.) 2. 描述程度：请少说两句。 (Qǐng shǎo shuō liǎng jù. - Please say less.) 3. 表达缺乏：我缺少时间。 (Wǒ quēshǎo shíjiān. - I lack time.) (注意：此处“缺少”是动词，但与“少”的含义相关) 4. 在否定句中：不多不少。(Bù duō bù shǎo. - Neither too much nor too little.)
“少”与“几”(jǐ) 和 “一些”(yìxiē) 都有表示数量不多的意思，但侧重点不同。“几”通常用于可数名词，表示比“少”稍多一点的数量，且常用于疑问句或表示不确定的少数。例如，“有几个人？”(Yǒu jǐ ge rén? - How many people are there?)。“一些”则表示数量上“稍微多一点”或者“一部分”，通常比“少”的数量要多。例如，“我还有一些钱”(Wǒ hái yǒu yìxiē qián - I still have some money)。“少”则强调数量的“不足”或“不多”。
例文
这个城市里住的人很少。
everydayThere are very few people living in this city.
请少喝点酒。
informalPlease drink less alcohol.
他在这方面经验很少。
neutralHe has little experience in this area.
我们拥有的时间不多了。
everydayWe have little time left.
よく使う組み合わせ
よく使うフレーズ
人山人海
sea of people (opposite of few people)
少见
rare, seldom seen
至少
at least
よく混同される語
'几' (jǐ) is used for countable nouns and often implies a small, uncertain number, typically more than '少' (shǎo). It's common in questions like '有几个人？' (How many people are there?). '少' (shǎo) emphasizes scarcity or lack.
'一些' (yìxiē) means 'some' or 'a small amount/number', generally implying more than '少' (shǎo) but less than '多' (duō). It's often used neutrally to indicate a portion.
文法パターン
How to Use It
使い方のコツ
The word '少' (shǎo) is a fundamental adjective in Chinese. It's used neutrally in most contexts. Adding '很' (hěn) before '少' intensifies the meaning, indicating 'very little' or 'very few'. It can appear before or after a noun, though placing it after often emphasizes the quantity itself.
よくある間違い
Learners might confuse '少' (shǎo) with '烧' (shāo) due to similar pronunciation. Ensure correct tones are used. Also, avoid using '少' when '几' (jǐ) or '一些' (yìxiē) would be more appropriate for a slightly larger or uncertain quantity.
Tips
Use 'Shǎo' for Small Amounts
When you want to express that there isn't much of something, use '少' (shǎo). It's a fundamental word for quantity.
Avoid Confusion with 'Shǎo' vs 'Shao'
Be mindful of the tone. '少' (shǎo) is the adjective for 'few/little'. '烧' (shāo) means 'to burn' or 'hot'.
Humility in Saying 'Less'
In Chinese culture, sometimes saying '少' (shǎo) can be a way to express humility, for example, when offering advice or a gift, implying it's not much.
語源
The character '少' originally depicted a person with a sickle, representing harvesting a small amount. Its meaning evolved to broadly signify 'few' or 'little'.
文化的な背景
In Chinese culture, expressing that something is '少' (shǎo) can sometimes be a form of modesty or politeness, especially when offering something or giving advice, implying it's not a large amount.
覚え方のコツ
Think of 'Shǎo' sounding like 'show'. Imagine a show with very few people watching – a 'shǎo' audience.
よくある質問
4 問“少”表示数量少，而“多少”是一个疑问词，用于询问数量的多少，或者表示“或多或少”的意思。
可以。例如，可以说“经验少”(jīngyàn shǎo - little experience) 或 “时间少”(shíjiān shǎo - little time)。
“少”最常见也最直接的反义词是“多”(duō)，表示数量多或程度深。
在“少”前面加“很”(hěn) 是一种常见的用法，用来加强语气，表示数量“非常少”。例如，“人很少”(rén hěn shǎo - very few people)。
自分をテスト
这个周末来公园玩的人很 ______。
句意是公园里人不多，所以用“少”最合适。
你有什么建议吗？
“少说”表示说得不多，符合在不确定或不想说太多时常用的一种表达方式。
词语：我，朋友，少，有
“很少”是形容词“少”的常用程度副词形式，表示数量非常少。
スコア： /3
Summary
The Chinese word '少' (shǎo) signifies a small quantity or low degree, often implying insufficiency.
- Indicates a small quantity or degree.
- Opposite of 'many' or 'much'.
- Used frequently in everyday Chinese.
Use 'Shǎo' for Small Amounts
When you want to express that there isn't much of something, use '少' (shǎo). It's a fundamental word for quantity.
Avoid Confusion with 'Shǎo' vs 'Shao'
Be mindful of the tone. '少' (shǎo) is the adjective for 'few/little'. '烧' (shāo) means 'to burn' or 'hot'.
Humility in Saying 'Less'
In Chinese culture, sometimes saying '少' (shǎo) can be a way to express humility, for example, when offering advice or a gift, implying it's not much.
例文
4 / 4这个城市里住的人很少。
There are very few people living in this city.
请少喝点酒。
Please drink less alcohol.
他在这方面经验很少。
He has little experience in this area.
我们拥有的时间不多了。
We have little time left.
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