사임하다

Both 사임하다 and 그만두다 mean 'to quit' or 'to resign.' However, 사임하다 is typically used in more formal contexts, like resigning from a professional position or an official role. 그만두다 is more general and can be used for anything from quitting a job to stopping an activity or habit. Think of 사임하다 as 'to formally step down' and 그만두다 as 'to stop doing something.'

While 사임하다 is most commonly used for jobs and official positions, it can also be used in other situations where someone formally steps down from a role or responsibility. For example, a person might 사임하다 from a committee or a leadership position in a club.

You can use 사임하다 by attaching it to the position or role someone is resigning from. For example, '그는 사장직에서 사임했습니다.' (He resigned from the position of president.) Or, '회장이 내일 사임할 예정입니다.' (The chairman is scheduled to resign tomorrow.)

Common collocations include '사장직에서 사임하다' (to resign from the presidency), '대표직에서 사임하다' (to resign from the representative position), '직책에서 사임하다' (to resign from a post/position), and '정계에서 사임하다' (to resign from politics).

사임하다 itself doesn't have a separate honorific form. However, when speaking about someone highly respected, you would naturally use honorifics in the surrounding sentence structure. For example, instead of '그는 사임했다' (He resigned), you might say '그분께서 사임하셨습니다' (That esteemed person resigned), using the honorific suffix -께서 and the honorific verb ending -시-.

No, it's not natural to use 사임하다 for casual situations like quitting a hobby. For those cases, you should use 그만두다 or another more appropriate verb. For example, '저는 기타를 그만뒀어요.' (I quit playing the guitar.)

The noun form of 사임하다 is 사임 (saim). For example, '그의 사임은 모두를 놀라게 했다.' (His resignation surprised everyone.)

사임하다 is a relatively neutral to formal word for resigning. It implies a conscious decision to step down from a position. It's not inherently negative or overly dramatic; it just indicates a formal act of resignation.

Using 사임하다 would sound awkward if you're talking about quitting something informal or temporary. For example, saying '저는 아르바이트에서 사임했어요' (I resigned from my part-time job) sounds overly formal. In such a case, '저는 아르바이트를 그만뒀어요' would be much more natural.

Both 사임하다 and 퇴직하다 involve leaving a job, but they have a key difference. 사임하다 means to resign or step down, often implying a voluntary decision to leave a position before retirement. 퇴직하다 specifically means to retire from a job, usually after a long period of service, often due to age or reaching a retirement milestone. So, while a resignation can lead to leaving a job, retirement is a specific type of leaving.