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A2 noun 10分で読める

大米

dami

練習する例文メモとヒント大米 30秒で

解説大米 in your Level:

At the A1 level, '大米' (dàmǐ) is one of the most fundamental nouns you will learn. It represents a staple part of the Chinese diet. At this stage, you should focus on identifying the word in a supermarket or kitchen. You will most likely use it when shopping for groceries. For example, you might say '我要买大米' (I want to buy rice). It is important to remember that '大' means big and '米' means rice. Even though the word contains 'big', it doesn't mean the grains are physically large; it's just the standard name for common rice. A1 learners often confuse '大米' with '米饭' (cooked rice). Just remember: '大米' is what you buy in a bag, and '米饭' is what you eat in a bowl. You will also learn the measure word '袋' (dài, bag) to quantify it. Practicing the tones is also key: 'dà' is a sharp falling tone, and 'mǐ' is a dipping tone. If you can say '一袋大米', you have mastered a very useful phrase for daily life in China.

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For A2 learners, '大米' (dàmǐ) becomes part of more complex sentences involving cooking and daily routines. You will learn to describe the process of preparing rice: '洗大米' (washing the rice) and '煮大米' (cooking the rice, though '煮饭' is more common). At this level, you should also be able to understand simple descriptions of rice quality. You might hear someone say '这种大米很好吃' (This kind of rice is very delicious). You will also encounter the word in the context of regional differences in China. For instance, you will learn that people in the south eat more '大米' while people in the north eat more noodles. You should start to notice how '大米' is used in compound phrases like '大米粥' (rice porridge). Understanding the countability is also important; you don't use '个' with '大米', you use weight units like '斤' (jīn) or '公斤' (gōngjīn). If you are in a market, you should be able to ask '一斤大米多少钱？' (How much is half a kilo of rice?). This level is about moving from simple identification to practical usage in shopping and basic cooking scenarios.

At the B1 level, you will explore the varieties of '大米' and its economic significance. You will learn words like '东北大米' (Northeast rice) or '泰国大米' (Thai rice), which are common in Chinese households. You'll start to see '大米' in news articles about food prices or agricultural yields. You should be able to discuss the importance of rice as a staple food in Asian culture using more sophisticated grammar. For example, '大米是中国人饮食中不可缺少的一部分' (Rice is an indispensable part of the Chinese diet). You will also learn about the history of rice cultivation in a basic sense, including the work of scientists like Yuan Longping who developed hybrid rice. At B1, you should also be comfortable using '大米' in comparison with other grains like '小麦' (wheat) or '玉米' (corn). You might discuss health topics, such as the difference between white rice and '糙米' (brown rice). Your ability to use '大米' should now extend to discussing social habits, such as why a full rice bin is a symbol of prosperity in a home. This level bridges the gap between daily survival and more meaningful cultural conversation.

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At the B2 level, '大米' is used in more abstract and technical contexts. You will encounter the term in discussions about environmental issues, such as how climate change affects '大米产量' (rice yield) or the impact of '重金属污染' (heavy metal pollution) on soil and grain quality. You should be able to read and understand articles about the '大米出口' (rice export) market and the global supply chain. Linguistically, you will learn more idioms and formal expressions related to rice. For example, '生米煮成熟饭' (the raw rice is already cooked) is a common idiom meaning 'what's done is done'. You will also dive deeper into the culinary science of rice, discussing '淀粉含量' (starch content) and how it affects the texture of different varieties. B2 learners should be able to debate the pros and cons of modern agricultural techniques versus traditional organic farming. You will also see '大米' in literature and films as a symbol of rural life and the struggles of the peasantry. At this stage, your understanding of '大米' transcends the kitchen and enters the realms of economics, science, and cultural symbolism.

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For C1 learners, '大米' serves as a gateway to deep cultural and historical analysis. You will study the 'Rice Culture' (稻米文化) of Southern China and how it has shaped social structures, labor patterns, and even the collective psychology of the region compared to the 'Wheat Culture' of the North. You will read academic papers or high-level journalism about '粮食安全' (food security) and the strategic importance of '大米储备' (rice reserves) for national stability. You should be able to discuss the nuances of different rice varieties with the expertise of a connoisseur, using terms like '颗粒饱满' (plump grains), '香气浓郁' (intense aroma), and '回甘' (sweet aftertaste). In literature, you will analyze how '大米' is used as a motif to represent life, death, and the cycle of nature. You will also explore the etymology of the character '米' and its role as a radical in hundreds of other Chinese characters related to food and spirit. At this level, you are expected to use '大米' in complex rhetorical structures and understand its deep-seated connotations in the Chinese subconscious.

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At the C2 level, you have a near-native grasp of '大米' in all its manifestations. You can engage in professional-level discourse about agricultural policy, biotechnology in rice cultivation, and the history of the Neolithic revolution in the Yangtze River valley. You understand the most obscure literary references and classical Chinese texts where '米' or '稻' appear. You can navigate the complexities of regional dialects where the word for rice might change, yet you maintain the standard Mandarin '大米' for formal settings. You are aware of the subtle social status associated with different brands and origins of rice, and you can participate in high-level discussions about the future of sustainable farming in Asia. Your usage of the word is perfectly nuanced, whether you are writing a technical report on grain moisture levels or a poetic essay on the scent of a rice field in autumn. '大米' is no longer just a word; it is a complex symbol of civilization, economy, and heritage that you can manipulate with precision and cultural sensitivity.

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練習する例文メモとヒント

大米 30秒で

大米 (dàmǐ) means uncooked rice grains, a staple food in China.
It is different from '米饭' (cooked rice) and '水稻' (the rice plant).
Commonly sold in bags (袋) and measured by kilograms (公斤) or jin (斤).
Essential for shopping and cooking contexts in daily Chinese life.

The term 大米 (dàmǐ) specifically refers to uncooked, husked rice grains. In the context of Chinese linguistics, it is a compound word where '大' (dà) means big and '米' (mǐ) means rice or grain. While '米' can refer to any grain or specifically to rice, '大米' is the standard term used in commercial and domestic settings to distinguish common white or brown rice from other grains like millet (小米 - xiǎomǐ) or glutinous rice (糯米 - nuòmǐ). Understanding the distinction between '大米' and other terms for rice is crucial for any learner. In Western languages, 'rice' often covers the plant, the raw grain, and the cooked dish. However, in Chinese, these are distinctly categorized: 水稻 (shuǐdào) for the plant in the field, 大米 (dàmǐ) for the dry grains you buy at the store, and 米饭 (mǐfàn) for the steaming bowl on your dinner table.

Common Usage: Used primarily when shopping, discussing agricultural products, or following recipes that involve raw measurements.

超市里的大米正在打折。 (The rice in the supermarket is on sale.)

People use this word most frequently in the grocery store or when discussing food storage. If you are asking someone to buy a bag of rice, you must say '一袋大米'. If you say '一袋米饭', people will think you are buying a bag of pre-cooked, hot rice, which is much less common. Historically, rice has been the backbone of the Chinese economy and diet, particularly in the southern regions where the climate is wet and warm. Consequently, '大米' is not just a food item; it represents stability and basic sustenance. In modern urban China, you will see '大米' sold in massive 5kg or 10kg bags, or increasingly in smaller, vacuum-sealed 'boutique' packages for high-end varieties like Northeast Wuchang rice.

Botanical Context: Scientifically, it refers to the seeds of the Oryza sativa plant after the hull has been removed through milling.

这种大米的颗粒非常饱满。 (The grains of this rice are very plump.)

我们需要买二十斤大米。 (We need to buy twenty jin of rice.)

Market Terminology: In economic news, '大米价格' (rice prices) is a key indicator of inflation and food security.

中国是世界上最大的大米生产国。 (China is the world's largest producer of rice.)

把大米洗干净后再煮。 (Wash the rice clean before cooking it.)

Using 大米 correctly requires an understanding of measure words and the state of the rice. In Chinese, nouns are often accompanied by specific measure words. For '大米', the most common is '袋' (dài - bag), '斤' (jīn - 500 grams), or '公斤' (gōngjīn - kilogram). Because rice is a mass noun, you don't count individual grains unless you are being extremely specific (in which case you use '粒' lì). When you are at a supermarket, you might say, '我要一袋五公斤的大米' (I want a five-kilogram bag of rice). In a culinary context, if you are reading a recipe, it will instruct you to '取两杯大米' (take two cups of rice). Note that once the '大米' is placed in the rice cooker and water is added, it begins its transformation into '米饭'.

Shopping Context: Focus on quantity and brand quality.

请帮我提这袋大米，它太重了。 (Please help me carry this bag of rice; it is too heavy.)

In more formal or academic sentences, '大米' is used to discuss trade and agriculture. For example, '大米出口额' (rice export value). It can also be modified by adjectives to describe quality: '优质大米' (high-quality rice), '陈大米' (old rice), or '新大米' (freshly harvested rice). In daily life, parents might tell their children not to waste rice by saying '每一粒大米都来之不易' (every grain of rice is hard-earned), emphasizing the labor of the farmers. This usage highlights the cultural value placed on the grain itself as a product of hard work.

Instructional Context: Used in cooking steps or storage advice.

大米应该存放在阴凉干燥的地方。 (Rice should be stored in a cool, dry place.)

这里的大米种类很多，有长粒的和短粒的。 (There are many types of rice here, including long-grain and short-grain.)

Comparative Usage: Comparing different staples.

南方人喜欢吃大米，北方人喜欢吃面食。 (Southerners like to eat rice, while Northerners like to eat wheat-based foods.)

我们需要储备足够的大米以备不时之需。 (We need to stockpile enough rice for emergencies.)

You will encounter 大米 in several distinct real-world environments. First and foremost is the Chinese wet market (菜市场 - càishìchǎng) and supermarkets (超市 - chāoshì). In a traditional market, you'll see large open sacks of rice where customers can run their hands through the grains to check for quality and scent. Here, vendors will shout prices per '斤' (half-kilo). You'll hear phrases like '新下来的大米' (freshly harvested rice) to entice buyers. This is the most 'authentic' place to hear the word, often accompanied by lively bargaining and discussions about which province the rice came from (e.g., '东北大米' from the Northeast or '泰国大米' from Thailand).

Commercial Media: TV commercials for rice brands often feature slow-motion shots of white grains falling into a bowl.

这款大米香甜软糯，是您家庭的首选。 (This rice is sweet and soft, the top choice for your family.)

Another common place is in the news or financial reports. Because rice is a strategic commodity in China, the government frequently releases statements about '大米储备' (rice reserves) or '大米产量' (rice yield). During the COVID-19 pandemic or other periods of social stress, you might have heard people talking about '囤大米' (stockpiling rice). This reflects the deep-seated cultural memory of food scarcity; having a full bag of '大米' at home provides a sense of psychological security that bread or potatoes simply don't offer in a Chinese context. Furthermore, in schools or rural development documentaries, you'll hear about the '杂交大米' (hybrid rice) pioneered by Yuan Longping, a national hero who helped solve China's hunger issues.

News & Economics: Used in reports regarding national food security and international trade agreements.

今年全国大米产量预计将创历史新高。 (The national rice yield is expected to reach a record high this year.)

这种包装的大米保质期更长。 (This vacuum-packed rice has a longer shelf life.)

Household Conversations: Parents reminding children to finish their rice or discussing which brand to buy.

家里的大米快吃完了，明天去买一点。 (The rice at home is almost finished; let's buy some tomorrow.)

这些大米是用来做寿司的。 (This rice is used for making sushi.)

The most frequent mistake English speakers make is using 大米 (dàmǐ) when they actually mean 米饭 (mǐfàn). In English, we say 'I am eating rice.' If you translate this literally as '我在吃大米' (Wǒ zài chī dàmǐ), a Chinese person will imagine you are crunching on hard, dry, uncooked grains. It sounds painful and very strange! Always remember: if it's on a plate and ready to eat, it's '米饭'. If it's in a bag or a sack and needs to be washed and boiled, it's '大米'.

Mistake 1: The 'Eating' Error: Saying '吃大米' instead of '吃米饭'. Use '吃大米' only if you are discussing your general diet (e.g., 'Our family eats rice as a staple').

错误：我想点一碗大米。 (Wrong: I want to order a bowl of uncooked rice.)

Another common error involves the measure words. Since rice is composed of many tiny grains, beginners sometimes try to use plural markers or incorrect classifiers. In Chinese, you never add an 's' to make it plural. You also shouldn't use '个' (ge) for rice. Use '袋' (dài) for bags, '盒' (hé) for boxes, or '粒' (lì) if you are literally talking about a single grain. Forgetting the '大' and just saying '米' is usually okay in casual conversation, but in writing or formal contexts, '米' by itself can sometimes be confused with 'meter' (the unit of length). For example, '十米' means ten meters, not ten rices. Using '大米' ensures there is no ambiguity.

Mistake 2: Measure Word Confusion: Using '个' instead of '袋' or '斤'. For example, '三个大米' is incorrect; '三袋大米' is correct.

正确：这袋大米有十公斤重。 (Correct: This bag of rice weighs ten kilograms.)

错误：他跑了五百个大米。 (Wrong: He ran 500 rices. Correct: He ran 500 meters - 他跑了五百米.)

Mistake 3: Confusing Types: Calling '糯米' (glutinous rice) or '小米' (millet) just '大米'. They are different species and used for different dishes.

注意：做粽子要用糯米，不能用普通的大米。 (Note: Use glutinous rice for zongzi, not ordinary rice.)

这种大米不适合煮粥。 (This type of rice is not suitable for cooking porridge.)

To truly master the vocabulary surrounding rice, you must understand the subtle differences between 大米 and its linguistic cousins. In English, 'rice' is a catch-all term, but Chinese is much more granular. Here is a breakdown of the most common related terms:

大米 vs. 米饭 (mǐfàn): The most important distinction. '大米' is the raw ingredient (uncooked). '米饭' is the finished, cooked product ready to eat. You buy '大米' but you eat '米饭'.
大米 vs. 水稻 (shuǐdào): '水稻' refers to the rice plant growing in the field. Farmers plant '水稻'; they don't plant '大米'. Once the '水稻' is harvested and the husk is removed, it becomes '大米'.
大米 vs. 糯米 (nuòmǐ): '糯米' is glutinous or 'sticky' rice used for desserts like zongzi or mango sticky rice. '大米' usually refers to non-sticky varieties used for daily meals.
大米 vs. 小米 (xiǎomǐ): '小米' is millet, a much smaller, yellow grain. It is often used to make porridge (小米粥) in Northern China. Despite the similar names, they are completely different grains.

我们要区分大米和水稻。 (We need to distinguish between rice grains and the rice plant.)

Furthermore, within the category of '大米', there are sub-types. 粳米 (jīngmǐ) refers to round-grained rice common in the north and in Japan/Korea. 籼米 (xiānmǐ) refers to long-grained rice, like Jasmine rice, common in South China and Southeast Asia. If you want healthy rice, look for 糙米 (cāomǐ), which is brown rice (rice with the bran layer still attached). Knowing these terms will help you navigate a Chinese supermarket like a pro and ensure you get exactly the texture and flavor you want for your meal.

相比于大米，糙米含有更多的纤维。 (Compared to white rice, brown rice contains more fiber.)

这种大米的价格比小米贵。 (The price of this rice is more expensive than millet.)

How Formal Is It?

豆知識

In ancient China, '米' was so essential that the character itself became a radical for words related to 'spirit' (精 - jīng) and 'order' (料 - liào), suggesting that rice was the essence of life and organization.

発音ガイド

UK /dɑː miː/

US /dɑ mi/

Primary stress on the second syllable 'mǐ' due to the third tone's length.

韻が合う語

大底 (dà dǐ) 大礼 (dà lǐ) 大体 (dà tǐ) 画笔 (huà bǐ) 夏季 (xià jì) 那里 (nà lǐ) 哪里 (nǎ lǐ) 代理 (dài lǐ)

よくある間違い

Pronouncing 'dà' with a rising tone (like a question).
Pronouncing 'mǐ' as a flat high tone (mī).
Using an English 'd' (aspirated) instead of the Chinese unaspirated 'd'.
Failing to drop the pitch low enough for the third tone on 'mǐ'.
Confusing 'mǐ' with 'mí' (riddle).

難易度

読解 2/5

The characters are simple and high-frequency.

ライティング 3/5

'米' is easy, but '大' is fundamental. Stroke order is straightforward.

スピーキング 3/5

Third tone on 'mǐ' requires practice for clarity.

リスニング 2/5

Easily recognized in context of food or shopping.

次に学ぶべきこと

前提知識

大 (dà) 米 (mǐ) 买 (mǎi) 吃 (chī) 好 (hǎo)

次に学ぶ

米饭 (mǐfàn) 面条 (miàntiáo) 蔬菜 (shūcài) 超市 (chāoshì) 公斤 (gōngjīn)

上級

水稻 (shuǐdào) 粮食 (liángshi) 耕种 (gēngzhòng) 丰收 (fēngshōu) 杂交 (zájiāo)

知っておくべき文法

Measure words for rice

一袋大米 (a bag of rice), 一斤大米 (500g of rice).

Noun as a modifier

大米价格 (rice price), 大米市场 (rice market).

Specifying types with adjectives

白大米 (white rice), 新大米 (new rice).

Disposal with 把

请把这些大米洗了。 (Please wash this rice.)

Existence with 有

厨房里有大米。 (There is rice in the kitchen.)

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レベル別の例文

我要买大米。

I want to buy rice.

Subject + 想要/要 + Verb + Object.

这袋大米很重。

This bag of rice is very heavy.

Noun + 很 + Adjective.

大米是白色的。

Rice is white.

Simple A is B structure.

你有大米吗？

Do you have rice?

Question with 吗.

大米在这里。

The rice is here.

Locative structure.

我要五公斤大米。

I want five kilograms of rice.

Number + Measure Word + Noun.

大米好吃吗？

Is the rice delicious?

Adjective + 吗 question.

买两袋大米。

Buy two bags of rice.

Imperative sentence.

请把大米洗干净。

Please wash the rice clean.

把 construction for disposal.

超市的大米在打折。

The supermarket's rice is on sale.

Possessive 的 and status.

我们需要买一些大米。

We need to buy some rice.

Use of 一些 (some).

这种大米比那种贵。

This kind of rice is more expensive than that kind.

Comparison with 比.

大米放在厨房里。

The rice is placed in the kitchen.

Placement with 放在.

我不喜欢吃这种大米。

I don't like eating this kind of rice.

Negative preference.

你要买多少大米？

How much rice do you want to buy?

Question with 多少.

大米快吃完了。

The rice is almost finished.

快...了 indicating 'soon'.

东北大米以其优良的品质而闻名。

Northeast rice is famous for its excellent quality.

以...而闻名 (famous for...).

这些大米是去年收获的。

This rice was harvested last year.

是...的 construction for emphasis.

为了健康，他开始吃糙米而不是大米。

For health, he started eating brown rice instead of white rice.

为了... (for/in order to).

如果大米受潮了，就不能吃了。

If the rice gets damp, it can't be eaten.

如果...就... (if... then...).

大米的价格受天气影响很大。

The price of rice is greatly affected by the weather.

受...影响 (be affected by).

这种大米的包装非常精美。

The packaging of this rice is very exquisite.

Adverb + Adjective.

南方人的主食主要是大米。

The staple food of Southerners is mainly rice.

主要 (mainly) as an adverb.

他在搬运大米的时候扭伤了腰。

He sprained his back while carrying rice.

...的时候 (while/when).

随着技术的进步，大米的产量不断提高。

With the advancement of technology, rice yields continue to increase.

随着... (along with/following).

专家建议将大米储存在真空容器中。

Experts suggest storing rice in vacuum containers.

将 (equivalent to 把) in formal contexts.

大米的种类繁多，口感各异。

There are many types of rice, and the tastes vary.

各异 (each is different).

中国政府高度重视大米的储备安全。

The Chinese government attaches great importance to the security of rice reserves.

高度重视 (attach great importance to).

这种大米含有丰富的维生素和矿物质。

This rice is rich in vitamins and minerals.

含有 (contain).

即便大米价格上涨，需求依然稳定。

Even if rice prices rise, demand remains stable.

即便...依然... (even if... still...).

由于连降大雨，大米遭受了严重的损失。

Due to continuous heavy rain, the rice suffered severe losses.

由于 (due to) and 遭受 (suffer).

这种大米是经过特殊工艺加工而成的。

This rice is processed through a special technique.

经过...加工而成 (processed through...).

袁隆平院士为杂交大米的研究做出了巨大贡献。

Academician Yuan Longping made great contributions to the research of hybrid rice.

为...做出贡献 (make a contribution to).

大米在亚洲文化中象征着丰饶与生命。

Rice symbolizes fertility and life in Asian culture.

象征着 (symbolize).

我们需要从战略高度来审视大米供应问题。

We need to examine the issue of rice supply from a strategic perspective.

从...角度/高度 (from a... perspective/height).

这种大米入口即化，余味悠长。

This rice melts in the mouth and has a long-lasting aftertaste.

Descriptive four-character idioms.

大米市场的波动引起了投资者的广泛关注。

Fluctuations in the rice market have attracted widespread attention from investors.

引起...关注 (attract attention).

通过改良品种，大米的抗病性得到了显著提升。

Through improved varieties, the disease resistance of rice has been significantly enhanced.

通过...得到了提升 (enhanced through...).

大米的深加工产品在市场上越来越受欢迎。

Deep-processed rice products are becoming increasingly popular in the market.

越来越... (more and more).

这一政策旨在稳定大米的种植面积。

This policy aims to stabilize the planting area of rice.

旨在 (aim to).

大米种植的历史可以追溯到数千年前的新石器时代。

The history of rice cultivation can be traced back to the Neolithic period thousands of years ago.

可以追溯到 (can be traced back to).

在干旱时期，大米的水分管理显得尤为关键。

During periods of drought, the water management of rice becomes particularly critical.

显得尤为... (appears particularly...).

大米的基因组测序为精准育种奠定了基础。

The genome sequencing of rice has laid the foundation for precision breeding.

为...奠定基础 (lay the foundation for).

我们需要警惕大米贸易中的保护主义倾向。

We need to be wary of protectionist tendencies in the rice trade.

警惕 (be wary of).

这种大米的有机认证过程极其严苛。

The organic certification process for this rice is extremely stringent.

极其 (extremely).

大米文化的传承不仅是技艺的传递，更是精神的延续。

The inheritance of rice culture is not only the transfer of skills but also the continuation of spirit.

不仅是...更是... (not only... but also...).

大米作为一种战略物资，其储备量关乎国家安危。

As a strategic material, the reserve volume of rice is related to national security.

关乎 (be related to/concern).

通过对大米成分的精细分析，我们发现了其独特的营养价值。

Through fine analysis of rice components, we discovered its unique nutritional value.

通过对...的分析 (through the analysis of...).

よく使う組み合わせ

一袋大米

洗大米

大米价格

东北大米

优质大米

储备大米

大米产量

出口大米

大米出口国

囤积大米

よく使うフレーズ

吃大米

— To have rice as a staple diet. Note: Not used for the act of eating a specific meal.

我们南方人天天吃大米。

大米粥

— Rice porridge made from raw rice boiled in lots of water.

生病时喝点大米粥比较好。

大米粉

— Rice flour made by grinding raw rice.

这种糕点是用大米粉做的。

大米饭

— A slightly more formal way to say steamed rice (cooked).

白白的大米饭真香。

大米供应商

— Rice supplier.

我们正在寻找新的大米供应商。

大米加工厂

— Rice processing plant.

他在大米加工厂工作。

大米贸易

— Rice trade.

大米贸易是该地区的经济支柱。

大米质量

— Rice quality.

我们要严格检查大米质量。

大米品种

— Rice variety.

这种大米品种非常耐旱。

大米袋子

— Rice bag (the physical bag).

空的大米袋子可以回收。

よく混同される語

大米 vs 米饭 (mǐfàn)

English speakers use 'rice' for both, but Chinese distinguishes raw (大米) from cooked (米饭).

大米 vs 米 (mǐ)

Can mean rice, but also means 'meter'. Context is vital.

大米 vs 水稻 (shuǐdào)

This is the plant in the field, not the grain in the bag.

慣用句と表現

"生米煮成熟饭"

— The raw rice is already cooked. It means what is done cannot be undone; it's too late to change things.

事情已经生米煮成熟饭了，你后悔也没用。

Common / Informal

"鱼米之乡"

— A land of fish and rice. Describes a place of abundance and prosperity, usually fertile regions.

江南是著名的鱼米之乡。

Literary / Formal

"巧妇难为无米之炊"

— Even the cleverest housewife cannot cook without rice. One cannot do something without the necessary materials.

没有资金，巧妇难为无米之炊。

Proverb

"偷鸡不成蚀把米"

— Trying to steal a chicken only to lose a handful of rice. To fail in a scheme and suffer a loss instead.

他想骗钱却被抓了，真是偷鸡不成蚀把米。

Colloquial

"粒粒皆辛苦"

— Every single grain is the result of hard work. A reminder to value food and the labor of farmers.

我们要节约粮食，要知道粒粒皆辛苦。

Poetic / Educational

"米珠薪桂"

— Rice is as expensive as pearls and firewood as expensive as cassia. Describes extremely high cost of living.

战乱时期，城里米珠薪桂，百姓生活艰难。

Literary

"斗米折腰"

— To bow for a peck of rice. To humble oneself for a small salary (often used negatively).

他不愿为五斗米折腰，辞官回家了。

Classical / Historical

"陈米旧谷"

— Old rice and old grain. Refers to something outdated or old news.

这些陈米旧谷的事，就不要再提了。

Metaphorical

"多吃几担大米"

— To eat a few more piculs of rice. Means to live a few more years or gain more experience.

等你多吃几担大米，你就会明白了。

Informal / Elderly speech

"米已成炊"

— The rice has become a meal. Similar to 'done deal'.

既然米已成炊，我们就接受现实吧。

Literary

間違えやすい

大米 vs 小米 (xiǎomǐ)

Similar sounding and both are grains.

大米 is rice (Oryza sativa), 小米 is millet (Setaria italica). They look and taste completely different.

我今天想喝小米粥，不想吃大米饭。

大米 vs 糯米 (nuòmǐ)

Both are types of rice.

糯米 is very sticky and used for special snacks; 大米 is the daily non-sticky staple.

做粽子必须用糯米，不能用大米。

大米 vs 薏米 (yìmǐ)

Ends in 'mi'.

薏米 is Job's tears (barley-like grain), often used in TCM soups.

红豆薏米水可以去湿。

大米 vs 虾米 (xiāmǐ)

Ends in 'mi'.

虾米 are small dried shrimp, not a grain at all!

炒菜的时候放一点虾米很香。

大米 vs 花生米 (huāshēngmǐ)

Contains 'mi'.

Refers to shelled peanuts.

他喜欢吃油炸花生米。

文型パターン

我买[Number][Measure Word]大米。

我买一袋大米。

[Place]有大米。

超市里有大米。

[Type]大米比[Type]大米[Adjective]。

东北大米比普通大米贵。

由于[Reason]，大米价格[Action]。

由于干旱，大米价格上涨了。

大米不仅是[Noun]，更是[Noun]。

大米不仅是粮食，更是文化的象征。

这是大米吗？

请帮我[Verb]大米。

请帮我洗大米。

大米被[Action]了。

大米被卖完了。

語族

名詞

稻米 (dàomǐ) - rice grain

米粉 (mǐfěn) - rice flour/noodles

糯米 (nuòmǐ) - glutinous rice

小米 (xiǎomǐ) - millet

糙米 (cāomǐ) - brown rice

動詞

淘米 (táomǐ) - to wash rice

碾米 (niǎnmǐ) - to mill rice

形容詞

米色 (mǐsè) - rice-colored (beige/cream)

使い方

frequency

Extremely high in daily life and economic news.

よくある間違い

Eating '大米' → Eating '米饭'
You cannot eat '大米' because it is raw. Say '我喜欢吃米饭'.
Using '个' for rice → Using '袋' or '斤'
Rice is a mass noun. You buy '一袋大米', not '一个大米'.
Calling the plant '大米' → Calling it '水稻'
'大米' is only for the harvested grain. The plant in the field is '水稻'.
Confusing '米' with meters in shopping → Use '大米' for clarity
If you ask for '十米', the seller might think you want 10 meters of something. Use '十斤大米'.
Using '大米' for glutinous rice → Use '糯米'
'大米' refers to regular rice. Sticky rice is '糯米' and functions differently in recipes.

ヒント

State Matters

Always distinguish between raw (大米) and cooked (米饭). This is the #1 mistake for learners.

Measure Words

Use '袋' (dài) for bags and '斤' (jīn) for weight. Avoid using '个' (ge).

Don't Waste

Remember the phrase '粒粒皆辛苦' (every grain is hard work). Finishing your rice is polite.

Tone Accuracy

Focus on the 3rd tone of 'mǐ'. It should dip down and then slightly up.

Look for Origins

Rice from '东北' (Northeast) is generally considered the highest quality in China.

Washing Rice

In China, you always '淘米' (wash rice) before cooking to remove excess starch and dust.

Character Roots

The character '米' looks like grains on a stalk. Use this visual to remember it.

Economic Indicator

If you hear '大米' in the news, it's likely about food security or inflation.

Alternative Grains

If you want brown rice, look for '糙米' (cāomǐ) on the label.

Staple Talk

Talking about which rice you like is a great neutral conversation starter with Chinese people.

暗記しよう

記憶術

Think of 'Dà' as a person standing BIG over a bowl of 'Mǐ' (rice grains). You need the BIG grains to survive!

視覚的連想

Visualize a giant bag of rice with a big capital 'D' on it for 'Dà'. Inside are millions of tiny 'M' shaped grains for 'Mǐ'.

Word Web

Rice White Bag Grain Cook China Staple Food

チャレンジ

Go to a local Chinese grocery store and find the rice aisle. Try to identify '大米' on the bags without looking at the English label.

語源

The character '大' (dà) depicts a person with arms outstretched, signifying 'big'. The character '米' (mǐ) is a pictograph representing several grains of rice or seeds separated by a crossbar (representing a stalk or husk). Together, '大米' emerged as a standard term to distinguish the primary large grain (rice) from smaller grains like '小米' (millet) which were also historically important in China.

元の意味： Big grain (specifically referring to the seeds of the rice plant).

Sino-Tibetan

文化的な背景

Be careful not to waste rice in traditional settings; it is considered culturally insensitive due to historical famines.

In the West, 'rice' is often seen as a side dish. In China, it is the 'zhǔshí' (staple food), and other dishes are 'cài' (accompaniments to the rice).

Yuan Longping (The Father of Hybrid Rice) The movie 'Raise the Red Lantern' (symbolism of food and status) Tang Dynasty poem '悯农' (Sympathy for the Farmers)

実生活で練習する

実際の使用場面

Supermarket Shopping

大米在哪里？
这袋大米多少钱？
有五公斤的大米吗？
这种大米好不好？

Kitchen / Cooking

把大米洗一下。
放两杯大米。
大米吃完了。
把大米放进锅里。

News / Economics

大米价格上涨。
大米产量增加。
大米储备充足。
大米出口额。

Agriculture

收获大米。
晒大米。
大米品种改良。
优质大米基地。

Health / Diet

多吃糙米，少吃大米。
大米含有淀粉。
有机大米更健康。
对大米过敏。

会話のきっかけ

"你家平时吃哪种大米？ (What kind of rice does your family usually eat?)"

"你觉得东北大米和泰国大米哪个更好吃？ (Do you think Northeast rice or Thai rice tastes better?)"

"你知道怎么选优质的大米吗？ (Do you know how to choose high-quality rice?)"

"你平时买大米是买大袋的还是小袋的？ (Do you usually buy rice in large bags or small bags?)"

"如果超市的大米打折，你会囤货吗？ (If supermarket rice is on sale, would you stockpile it?)"

日記のテーマ

描述一次你去超市买大米的经历。 (Describe an experience of going to the supermarket to buy rice.)

谈谈大米在你国家饮食文化中的地位。 (Talk about the status of rice in your country's food culture.)

如果你只能吃一种主食（大米或面条），你会选哪个？为什么？ (If you could only eat one staple food, which would you choose and why?)

写一段关于农民种植大米辛苦过程的感想。 (Write your thoughts on the hard process of farmers growing rice.)

想象一下如果世界上没有了大米，生活会变成什么样。 (Imagine what life would be like if there were no rice in the world.)

よくある質問

10 問

Technically no, unless you are eating raw grains. Use 'mǐfàn' for the meal. However, you can say '中国人吃大米' to mean 'Chinese people consume rice as a staple'.

The measure word is '粒' (lì). Example: 一粒大米 (one grain of rice).

In the context of food, yes. '大米' is more specific and formal, while '米' is casual. However, '米' also means 'meter', so '大米' is clearer.

It is to distinguish it from '小米' (Small Rice/Millet), which was another major staple in ancient China.

Brown rice is called '糙米' (cāomǐ). You can also say '糙大米', but '糙米' is more common.

This is a matter of taste! Northeast rice (Japonica) is stickier and rounder, while Southern rice (Indica) is fluffier and longer. Most people prefer Northeast rice for plain steamed rice.

Say '请给我一碗米饭' (Qǐng gěi wǒ yī wǎn mǐfàn). Do not use 'dàmǐ' here.

No, Chinese nouns don't have plural forms. The quantity is indicated by measure words like '袋' (bags) or '公斤' (kilograms).

Yes, Jasmine rice is a type of '大米'. In Chinese, it's often called '香米' (xiāngmǐ).

It's an idiom meaning 'the rice is already cooked', which translates to 'what's done is done' or 'it's too late to change things'.

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