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B1 中級 英語 14:59 Educational

The Next Global Superpower Isn't Who You Think | Ian Bremmer | TED

TED · 12,556,956 回視聴 · 追加日 3週間前

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00:04

I have a big question.

00:06

Which is, who runs the world?

00:08

It used to be an easy question to answer.

00:12

If you're over 45 like me,

00:16

you grew up in a world that was dominated by two giants.

00:23

The United States called the shots on one side of the Wall,

00:26

the Soviets set the rules on the other.

00:29

And that was a bipolar world.

00:33

It's very simple.

00:34

If you're under 45,

00:37

you grew up when the Soviet Union had already collapsed,

00:42

and that left the United States as the sole superpower,

00:46

dominating global institutions and also exerting raw power.

00:52

And that was a unipolar world.

00:56

And then about 15 years ago,

00:59

things got a little more complicated.

01:04

The United States increasingly didn't want to be the world's policeman

01:10

or the architect of global trade

01:13

or even the cheerleader for global values.

01:18

Other countries were becoming more powerful,

01:20

and they could increasingly ignore many of the rules they didn't like,

01:25

sometimes even setting new rules themselves.

01:31

What happened?

01:33

Three things.

01:35

Number one,

01:37

Russia was not integrated into Western institutions.

01:43

A former great power now in very serious decline

01:47

and they are angry about it.

01:51

We can argue about whose fault that is, but we are where we are.

01:57

Number two,

01:58

China was integrated into US-led institutions

02:04

on the presumption that as they got wealthier and more powerful,

02:10

they would become Americans.

02:16

Turns out, they're still Chinese.

02:19

(Laughter)

02:21

And the United States is not particularly comfortable with that.

02:25

Number three,

02:27

tens of millions of citizens in the United States

02:31

and other wealthy democracies

02:33

felt left behind by globalization.

02:37

This has been ignored for decades.

02:40

But as a consequence,

02:41

they felt that their governments and their leaders were more illegitimate.

02:47

Now if you look at all the headlines in the world today,

02:52

driving all of this geopolitical tension and conflict,

02:56

over 90 percent of them are because of these three reasons.

03:03

And that's why today we live in a leaderless world.

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