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اِنْعِدَام

B2 noun 10분 분량

اِنْعِدَام

in'idam

연습하기 예시 노트와 팁 اِنْعِدَام 30초 만에

설명 اِنْعِدَام in your Level:

At the A1 level, you don't need to use 'In'idam' yet. Instead, you use simple ways to say 'there is not.' For example, 'Ma fi' in spoken Arabic or 'La yujad' in standard Arabic. These phrases help you say things like 'There is no water' or 'There is no bread.' 'In'idam' is too formal and complex for daily A1 tasks like ordering food or introducing yourself. However, it is good to know that the root of this word, 'Adam, means 'no' or 'not.' If you see a word starting with 'In'i-', it often describes a big situation or a state of something. At this stage, focus on 'La' (No) and 'Laysa' (Is not). Think of 'In'idam' as the 'giant version' of 'No.' While 'No' says something isn't here, 'In'idam' says it has completely disappeared from the world. You might see it on a very serious sign or a news headline, but for now, just remember it means a very strong 'No.' As you learn more, you will see how Arabic builds big words from small roots like 'A-D-M.'

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At the A2 level, you are starting to read more varied texts, including short news clips or weather reports. You might encounter 'In'idam' in the phrase 'In'idam al-ru'ya,' which means 'zero visibility.' This is important for safety! While you would still use 'Adam' or 'Laysa' for most things, you can begin to recognize 'In'idam' as a noun that means 'the state of having none.' For example, if you are talking about a desert, you might say there is an 'In'idam' of water. This sounds much more advanced than just saying 'No water.' You are beginning to learn about 'Idafa' (noun pairs), and 'In'idam' is a perfect word to practice this. You always put another noun after it. So, 'In'idam' + 'Food' = 'Lack of food.' At this level, try to recognize the word when you hear it in formal contexts like a teacher speaking or a news broadcast. It helps you understand that the speaker is talking about a serious problem or a scientific fact. It's a 'power word' that makes your Arabic sound more serious and grown-up.

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At the B1 level, you are moving into intermediate territory where you discuss social issues, work, and the environment. 'In'idam' becomes a very useful tool for your vocabulary. Instead of using simple negations, you can now describe complex situations. For instance, in a discussion about work, you might mention 'In'idam al-furas' (lack of opportunities). This shows you can handle abstract concepts. You should also start using it in writing. If you are writing an essay about the environment, 'In'idam al-ma'' (lack of water) is a great phrase to use. You are also learning more about verb forms. 'In'idam' is the noun form of Form VII. This form usually means something happened by itself or describes a state. Understanding this helps you see why 'In'idam' feels like a 'result.' It's not just that something is missing; it's the *state* of it being missing. You should be able to distinguish between 'Adam' (used as a prefix like 'non-') and 'In'idam' (the noun). For example, 'Adam al-ihtimam' (not caring) vs. 'In'idam al-ihtimam' (the total absence of care). The second one is much stronger!

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At the B2 level, which is the target level for this word, you should be using 'In'idam' fluently in formal discussions and academic writing. You understand that this word implies an absolute or structural absence. You can use it to talk about 'In'idam al-wazn' (weightlessness) in a science context or 'In'idam al-amn' (lack of security) in a political context. You are expected to use it with the correct genitive case for the following noun. You also recognize that 'In'idam' is more formal than 'Ghiyab' (absence) or 'Qilla' (scarcity). At B2, you should be able to explain *why* you chose 'In'idam' over another word. For example, you might say, 'I used In'idam because the trust was completely destroyed, not just weakened.' You should also be comfortable with the word in professional settings. If you are describing a project failure, you might point to 'In'idam al-tansiq' (lack of coordination). This level requires you to move beyond basic communication into precise expression, and 'In'idam' is essential for that precision in Modern Standard Arabic.

At the C1 level, your use of 'In'idam' should be nuanced and contextually perfect. You are now exploring the philosophical and legal depths of the word. You might use it in a legal sense to discuss the 'In'idam' (nullity) of a contract due to missing signatures. You also understand its role in literature, where it might be used to describe an existential void or the 'In'idam' of hope in a poetic sense. You are aware of its etymological connection to 'Adam (non-existence/nothingness) and how it contrasts with 'Wujud' (existence). You can use it in complex sentence structures, perhaps as part of a circumstantial clause or a sophisticated 'Idafa' chain. At this level, you also notice the rhythmic and rhetorical value of the word. In a speech, 'In'idam' can be used for emphasis, creating a sense of finality and gravity. You should also be able to identify synonyms like 'Khuluww' or 'Nafad' and explain the subtle differences in meaning. Your vocabulary is no longer just a list of words; it's a toolkit for precise, high-level expression in any professional or academic field.

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At the C2 level, you have mastered 'In'idam' to the point of native-like intuition. You use it across all domains—from theoretical physics to high court legalities. You are comfortable using it in its most abstract forms, such as discussing the 'In'idam' of time in certain cosmological models or the 'In'idam' of the self in mystical philosophy. You can play with the word's morphology and relate it to other words in the 'A-D-M' family, such as 'Ma'dum' (non-existent) or 'Yu'dim' (to annihilate). You understand the historical development of the word and how its usage has evolved in modern journalism compared to classical texts. Your writing is indistinguishable from that of a highly educated native speaker, using 'In'idam' to provide clarity, weight, and formal elegance to your prose. You can also critique the use of the word in others' writing, identifying when it is used redundantly or when a more specific term might be better. For you, 'In'idam' is not just a word for 'lack'; it is a concept representing the absolute zero of the Arabic linguistic scale.

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اِنْعِدَام 30초 만에

In'idam means a total lack or absolute absence of something.
It is a formal word used in science, news, and academic writing.
It usually appears in an Idafa structure (e.g., lack of security).
It is the noun form of the verb meaning 'to become non-existent.'

The Arabic word اِنْعِدَام (In'idām) is a sophisticated noun derived from the triliteral root ع-د-م (ʿ-d-m), which fundamentally pertains to non-existence, loss, or the state of being devoid of something. Morphologically, it is the Masdar (verbal noun) of the Form VII verb اِنْعَدَمَ (in'adama). In Arabic grammar, Form VII verbs often carry a reflexive or passive meaning, indicating a state that has been reached or a condition that exists. Therefore, اِنْعِدَام does not just mean 'a lack' in a casual sense; it frequently implies a total absence or a state of nullity. This word is a staple in formal Arabic, academic discourse, scientific reporting, and legal documentation. When you use In'idām, you are describing a situation where a quality, physical property, or abstract concept is completely missing or has vanished to the point of being non-existent.

Scientific Precision: In physics and astronomy, In'idām is the standard term for 'zero' or 'absence.' For example, 'zero gravity' is translated as اِنْعِدَامُ الجَاذِبِيَّةِ. It suggests a complete lack of gravitational pull, rather than just weak gravity.
Social and Political Context: In news reports, you will often hear about اِنْعِدَامُ الأَمْنِ (lack of security) or اِنْعِدَامُ الثِّقَةِ (lack of trust). Here, it emphasizes a critical and often dangerous void in social structures or international relations.
Legal and Philosophical Nuance: Legally, it can refer to the 'nullity' or 'invalidity' of a contract or a right. Philosophically, it touches upon nihilism or the void, representing the opposite of Wujud (existence).

تُعَانِي المِنْطَقَةُ مِنْ اِنْعِدَامِ الخِدَمَاتِ الأَسَاسِيَّةِ بِسَبَبِ الحَرْبِ.
(The region suffers from a total lack of basic services due to the war.)

To understand In'idām, one must distinguish it from the word 'Adam (عَدَم). While 'Adam is often used as a prefix (like 'non-' or 'un-') to negate nouns (e.g., 'Adam al-musawah for inequality), In'idām is a standalone noun that describes the state of that absence. It carries a heavier, more descriptive weight. If you say there is an In'idām of something, you are pointing to a vacuum where that thing should be. It is highly common in weather reports when discussing visibility; اِنْعِدَامُ الرُّؤْيَةِ (zero visibility) is a phrase every driver in the Middle East knows during sandstorms or heavy fog.

أَدَّى اِنْعِدَامُ الشَّفَافِيَّةِ إِلَى اِحْتِجَاجَاتٍ وَاسِعَةٍ.
(The total lack of transparency led to widespread protests.)

In summary, In'idām is your 'go-to' word for 'total lack,' 'absence,' or 'nullity' in formal contexts. It covers everything from the physical absence of light in a cave to the metaphorical absence of justice in a society. It is a B2-level word because it requires an understanding of abstract nouns and the ability to distinguish between different levels of 'not having' something. While a beginner might say 'Ma fi' (there isn't), an advanced learner uses In'idām to specify a structural or absolute void.

Using اِنْعِدَام effectively requires understanding its role as a noun in an Idafa construction (the possessive structure). Almost always, In'idām is the first part of the Idafa, followed by the thing that is missing. This construction allows you to create specific concepts like 'lack of oxygen,' 'lack of interest,' or 'lack of stability.' Because it is a formal word, it dictates the tone of the entire sentence, pulling it toward a journalistic or academic register.

The Idafa Pattern: The most common way to use this word is: اِنْعِدَام + [Noun in Genitive Case]. Example: اِنْعِدَامُ الفُرَصِ (Lack of opportunities). The word In'idām takes the case required by its position in the sentence (Nominative, Accusative, or Genitive), while the following noun is always Genitive.
As a Subject: When In'idām starts a sentence, it often highlights a cause-and-effect relationship. Example: اِنْعِدَامُ المَطَرِ سَبَّبَ الجَفَافَ (The absence of rain caused the drought).

يَشْعُرُ الرُّوَّادُ بِـاِنْعِدَامِ الوَزْنِ فِي المَحَطَّةِ الفَضَائِيَّةِ.
(Astronauts experience weightlessness [absence of weight] in the space station.)

One of the nuances of In'idām is that it can describe both physical and emotional states. In a psychological context, one might speak of اِنْعِدَامِ الرَّغْبَةِ (lack of desire) or اِنْعِدَامِ الشُّعُورِ (numbness/lack of feeling). In these cases, it implies a profound or pathological state rather than a temporary mood. It is also frequently paired with adjectives to describe the degree of absence, although In'idām itself is usually absolute. You might see اِنْعِدَامٌ شِبْهُ تَامٍّ (an almost complete absence).

يُؤَدِّي اِنْعِدَامُ التَّوَاصُلِ إِلَى مَشَاكِلَ عَمِيقَةٍ بَيْنَ الزَّوْجَيْنِ.
(The lack of communication leads to deep problems between the spouses.)

Finally, consider the use of In'idām in economic and development contexts. Phrases like اِنْعِدَامُ التَّوَازُنِ (lack of balance/imbalance) or اِنْعِدَامُ الكَفَاءَةِ (lack of efficiency/inefficiency) are standard in reports by organizations like the UN or the World Bank. When writing an essay in Arabic, using In'idām instead of just saying 'not having' (laysa ladayhi) will significantly elevate your writing style and demonstrate a command of academic vocabulary.

If you are consuming Arabic media, اِنْعِدَام is a word you will encounter daily. It is not a word used frequently in casual street slang, but it is ubiquitous in Modern Standard Arabic (MSA). You will hear it on Al Jazeera, read it in Asharq Al-Awsat, and find it in textbooks from Cairo to Casablanca. Its primary domains are news, science, law, and formal debate.

The Newsroom: News anchors use In'idām to describe crises. 'The total lack of food' (اِنْعِدَامُ الغِذَاءِ) or 'the absence of a political solution' (اِنْعِدَامُ الحَلِّ السِّيَاسِيِّ) are common phrases during coverage of conflict zones.
Weather and Environment: Meteorologists use it to warn the public. اِنْعِدَامُ الرُّؤْيَةِ الأُفُقِيَّةِ (absence of horizontal visibility) is the technical term used during fog or dust storms to advise drivers to stay off the roads.
Scientific Documentaries: In dubbed or original Arabic science programs (like those on National Geographic Abu Dhabi), In'idām is the standard term for vacuums, zero gravity, or the absence of life-sustaining elements on other planets.

حَذَّرَتِ الأَرْصَادُ الجَوِّيَّةُ مِنْ اِنْعِدَامِ الرُّؤْيَةِ عَلَى الطُّرُقِ السَّرِيعَةِ.
(The weather forecast warned of zero visibility on the highways.)

In the workplace, you might hear it during high-level meetings or in official emails. A manager might discuss the اِنْعِدَامُ المَسْؤُولِيَّةِ (lack of responsibility) among certain staff members, or a report might highlight the اِنْعِدَامُ المَوَارِدِ (lack of resources) for a new project. It is a word that demands attention because it signifies a serious deficiency. In literature, authors use it to create a sense of bleakness or existential void, describing characters who live in In'idām—a state of nothingness or total loss of hope.

يُشَكِّلُ اِنْعِدَامُ الأَمْنِ الغِذَائِيِّ تَهْدِيداً لِلِاسْتِقْرَارِ.
(The lack of food security poses a threat to stability.)

Ultimately, In'idām is a bridge between the physical and the abstract. Whether it is a doctor talking about اِنْعِدَامِ المَنَاعَةِ (lack of immunity/immunodeficiency) or a politician talking about اِنْعِدَامِ الدِّيمُقْرَاطِيَّةِ (lack of democracy), the word functions as a powerful tool for precision. It tells the listener that the thing being discussed is not just 'low' or 'weak'—it is functionally gone.

Learning to use اِنْعِدَام correctly involves avoiding several common pitfalls that English speakers often fall into. Because English uses 'lack' or 'absence' in many different ways, students sometimes apply In'idām where a simpler or different Arabic word would be more appropriate. Precision is key in Arabic, and choosing the wrong word for 'lack' can change the meaning or the formality of your sentence.

Confusing In'idām with 'Adam: This is the most frequent error. 'Adam (عَدَم) is typically used as a functional particle to negate a following noun (e.g., 'Adam al-hudoor for non-attendance). In'idām is a noun describing the state of absence. You wouldn't say 'The in'idām of attendance' in a simple register; you'd use 'Adam. Use In'idām when you want to emphasize the total vanishing or the resultant state of being without.
Using it for 'Scarcity': If something is just 'low' or 'scarce' (like water during a dry season but not a total drought), use Nudra (نُدْرَة) or Qilla (قِلَّة). In'idām means zero. If you say In'idām al-ma', you are saying there is literally not a drop of water left.

خَطَأ: اِنْعِدَامُ السُّكَّرِ فِي الشَّايِ. (Wrong: Total absence of sugar in the tea - unless it's a scientific lab report!)
صَحّ: قِلَّةُ السُّكَّرِ أَو بِدُونِ سُكَّرٍ. (Correct: Little sugar or without sugar.)

Another mistake is in the grammatical construction. Students sometimes try to use it as a verb. Remember, In'idām is a noun. If you want to say 'it became non-existent,' use the verb In'adama (اِنْعَدَمَ). Also, ensure that you don't use the definite article Al- on In'idām when it is the first part of an Idafa. It should be اِنْعِدَامُ الثِّقَةِ, not الاِنْعِدَامُ الثِّقَةِ.

Finally, be careful with the spelling. The Alif at the beginning is a Hamzat Wasl, meaning it is not pronounced when preceded by another word, and it does not have a written Hamza (ء) above or below it. Writing it as إِنْعِدَام (with a Hamza) is a common spelling error even among native speakers, but in formal writing, the Hamza should be omitted.

To truly master اِنْعِدَام, you must see how it fits into the broader family of Arabic words for 'lack' and 'absence.' Arabic is famous for having multiple words for a single English concept, each with a specific flavor. Choosing the right synonym depends on whether the lack is physical, abstract, temporary, or permanent.

1. غِيَاب (Ghiyāb): This means 'absence.' It is most commonly used for people (absence from school) or for things that are usually present but currently gone (absence of the sun). In'idām is more radical; Ghiyāb suggests the thing exists elsewhere, while In'idām suggests it is simply not there at all.
2. فَقْد (Faqd): This refers to 'loss.' Use this when something was once there but has been lost. فَقْدُ الذَّاكِرَةِ (loss of memory). In'idām describes the state of the void, while Faqd focuses on the act of losing it.
3. قِلَّة (Qilla): This means 'scarcity' or 'fewness.' If there is a little bit of something, use Qilla. If there is absolutely none, use In'idām.

يُوجَدُ فَرْقٌ بَيْنَ قِلَّةِ المَالِ وَاِنْعِدَامِهِ تَمَاماً.
(There is a difference between a lack [scarcity] of money and its total absence.)

In academic writing, you might also encounter Khuluww (خُلُوّ), which means 'emptiness' or 'being free from.' For example, خُلُوُّ المِنْطَقَةِ مِنَ السُّكَّانِ (the area being devoid of inhabitants). While In'idām focuses on the non-existence of the inhabitants, Khuluww focuses on the state of the area being empty. Another alternative is Nafād (نَفَاد), which means 'running out' or 'depletion,' often used for supplies like fuel or patience.

Understanding these distinctions allows you to choose the word that conveys the exact degree of 'nothingness' you intend. In professional Arabic, this level of nuance is what separates a proficient speaker from a fluent one. When you choose In'idām, you are making a strong, absolute statement about the total lack of a quality or substance.

How Formal Is It?

격식체

중립

비격식체

Child friendly

속어

재미있는 사실

The word for 'execution' (iʿdām) comes from the same root because it literally means 'making someone non-existent.' In'idām is the passive/reflexive state of that same root.

발음 가이드

UK /ɪn.ʕi.daːm/

US /ɪn.ʕi.dɑːm/

The primary stress is on the final syllable: in-i-DAM.

라임이 맞는 단어

اِحْتِدَام (Ihtidām - intensification) اِلْتِزَام (Iltizām - commitment) اِنْسِجَام (Insijām - harmony) اِحْتِرَام (Ihtirām - respect) اِنْتِقَام (Intiqām - revenge) نِظَام (Nizām - system) سَلام (Salām - peace) كَلَام (Kalām - speech)

자주 하는 실수

Pronouncing the first 'Alif' with a hard 'A' like 'Apple'. It should be a light 'i' sound.
Missing the 'Ayn' sound (ʕ) and replacing it with a simple 'a' or 'i'.
Shortening the long 'a' in 'dam'. It must be held for two beats.
Adding a Hamza sound at the start when it's in the middle of a sentence.
Confusing the pronunciation with 'Adam' (short 'a' at start, no 'n').

난이도

독해 4/5

Requires recognizing the Form VII Masdar pattern and the Hamzat Wasl.

쓰기 5/5

Must be used in a correct Idafa structure with genitive case.

말하기 4/5

The 'Ayn' sound followed by 'i' and 'daam' requires clear articulation.

듣기 3/5

Common in news; easy to spot once you know the 'In-i-dam' rhythm.

다음에 무엇을 배울까

선수 학습

عَدَم لَيْسَ غِيَاب وُجُود قِلَّة

다음에 배울 것

مُنْعَدِم اِنْعَدَمَ بُطْلَان تَلاشٍ فَرَاغ

고급

الأَهْلِيَّة الشَّفَافِيَّة المِعْيَارِيَّة الاِقْتِضَاء الاِسْتِحَالَة

알아야 할 문법

Form VII Masdar

In'idam is the pattern for all Form VII verbs (Infi'al).

Idafa Construction

In'idam (muzaf) + Al-Amn (muzaf ilayh).

Hamzat Wasl

The 'i' in In'idam disappears in pronunciation after 'wa' (wa-n'idam).

Genitive Case (Jarr)

The noun following In'idam is always in the genitive case (kasra).

Gender Agreement

In'idam is masculine, so use 'huwa' or masculine verbs/adjectives.

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수준별 예문

لا يُوجَدُ مَاءٌ هُنَا.

There is no water here.

A1 uses 'La yujad' instead of 'In'idam'.

المَطْعَمُ بِدُونِ طَعَامٍ.

The restaurant is without food.

'Bidun' is a simpler way to say 'without'.

أَنَا لَيْسَ عِنْدِي وَقْتٌ.

I don't have time.

Simple negation using 'Laysa'.

الشَّارِعُ فَارِغٌ.

The street is empty.

'Farigh' means empty, a basic A1 adjective.

لا أَرَى شَيْئاً.

I don't see anything.

Basic verb negation.

هُوَ غَائِبٌ اليَوْمَ.

He is absent today.

'Gha'ib' is the adjective for 'absent'.

الحَقِيبَةُ لَيْسَتْ هُنَا.

The bag is not here.

Negating location.

لا شُكْرَ عَلَى وَاجِبٍ.

No thanks for a duty (You're welcome).

Common phrase with 'La'.

اِنْعِدَامُ الرُّؤْيَةِ بِسَبَبِ الضَّبَابِ.

Zero visibility due to fog.

'In'idam' is used here in a common weather phrase.

عَدَمُ وُجُودِ السُّكَّانِ فِي القَرْيَةِ.

The non-existence of residents in the village.

'Adam' is more common at A2 than 'In'idam'.

يُوجَدُ قِلَّةٌ فِي الأَمْطَارِ.

There is a lack (scarcity) of rain.

'Qilla' means a small amount/scarcity.

غِيَابُ الطُّلابِ عَنِ الدَّرْسِ.

The absence of students from the lesson.

'Ghiyab' is used for people's absence.

هَذَا العَمَلُ بِدُونِ فَائِدَةٍ.

This work is without benefit.

Using 'Bidun' for 'lack of'.

المَكَانُ هَادِئٌ بِسَبَبِ اِنْعِدَامِ الضَّجِيجِ.

The place is quiet because of the absence of noise.

Using 'In'idam' for a physical quality like noise.

لَيْسَ لَدَيَّ أَيُّ فِكْرَةٍ.

I don't have any idea.

Standard negation of possession.

اِنْعِدَامُ الحَرَكَةِ فِي الشَّارِعِ.

The absence of movement in the street.

'In'idam' used for physical motion.

يُؤَدِّي اِنْعِدَامُ الثِّقَةِ إِلَى الفَشَلِ.

The lack of trust leads to failure.

Abstract usage of 'In'idam' in social contexts.

تُعَانِي المَدِينَةُ مِنِ اِنْعِدَامِ النَّظَافَةِ.

The city suffers from a lack of cleanliness.

Using 'In'idam' to describe a public service issue.

اِنْعِدَامُ الجَاذِبِيَّةِ فِي الفَضَاءِ الخَارِجِيِّ.

Zero gravity in outer space.

Scientific term: 'In'idam al-jadhibiya'.

بِسَبَبِ اِنْعِدَامِ الخِبْرَةِ، لَمْ يَحْصُلْ عَلَى الوَظِيفَةِ.

Because of the lack of experience, he didn't get the job.

Common workplace usage.

اِنْعِدَامُ التَّوَاصُلِ بَيْنَ الأَجْيَالِ.

The lack of communication between generations.

Social observation using 'In'idam'.

نَشْعُرُ بِـاِنْعِدَامِ الأَمْنِ فِي هَذِهِ المِنْطَقَةِ.

We feel a lack of security in this area.

'In'idam al-amn' is a very common B1/B2 phrase.

أَدَّى اِنْعِدَامُ المَطَرِ إِلَى جَفَافِ المَحَاصِيلِ.

The absence of rain led to the drying of crops.

Cause and effect with 'In'idam'.

اِنْعِدَامُ الرَّغْبَةِ فِي الدِّرَاسَةِ.

The total lack of desire to study.

Psychological state using 'In'idam'.

يُعَدُّ اِنْعِدَامُ الشَّفَافِيَّةِ عَائِقاً أَمَامَ التَّنْمِيَةِ.

The lack of transparency is considered an obstacle to development.

B2 level academic/political vocabulary.

نَتَجَ عَنِ الحَرْبِ اِنْعِدَامٌ تَامٌّ لِلْخِدَمَاتِ الطِّبِّيَّةِ.

The war resulted in a total lack of medical services.

Using 'Tam' (total) to emphasize 'In'idam'.

اِنْعِدَامُ المَسْؤُولِيَّةِ لَدَى بَعْضِ المُوَظَّفِينَ.

The lack of responsibility among some employees.

Professional context.

تَمَّ اِعْلَانُ اِنْعِدَامِ الرُّؤْيَةِ عَلَى الطَّرِيقِ السَّرِيعِ.

Zero visibility was announced on the highway.

Passive construction with 'In'idam'.

اِنْعِدَامُ التَّوَازُنِ فِي النِّظَامِ البِيئِيِّ.

The lack of balance in the ecosystem.

Environmental science usage.

يُؤَدِّي اِنْعِدَامُ العَدَالَةِ إِلَى اِضْطِرَابَاتٍ اِجْتِمَاعِيَّةٍ.

The lack of justice leads to social unrest.

Abstract concept in a complex sentence.

ظَاهِرَةُ اِنْعِدَامِ الوَزْنِ تُحَيِّرُ العُلَمَاءَ.

The phenomenon of weightlessness puzzles scientists.

Scientific register.

اِنْعِدَامُ المَوَارِدِ المَالِيَّةِ حَالَ دُونَ تَنْفِيذِ المَشْرُوعِ.

The lack of financial resources prevented the project's execution.

Formal 'hal duna' (prevented) construction.

يَتَّسِمُ هَذَا العَصْرُ بِـاِنْعِدَامِ اليَقِينِ السِّيَاسِيِّ.

This era is characterized by political uncertainty (lack of certainty).

Sophisticated 'yattasimu bi' (characterized by) construction.

أَدَّى اِنْعِدَامُ الأَهْلِيَّةِ القَانُونِيَّةِ إِلَى بُطْلَانِ العَقْدِ.

The lack of legal capacity led to the contract's nullity.

Legal terminology.

نُعَانِي مِنْ اِنْعِدَامِ المِعْيَارِيَّةِ فِي التَّقْيِيمِ.

We suffer from a lack of standardization in evaluation.

Academic/Professional nuance.

اِنْعِدَامُ الشُّعُورِ بِالآخَرِ هُوَ جَوْهَرُ الأَزْمَةِ الأَخْلَاقِيَّةِ.

The lack of empathy (feeling for the other) is the essence of the moral crisis.

Philosophical/Ethical discourse.

تَسَبَّبَ اِنْعِدَامُ الكَفَاءَةِ الإِدَارِيَّةِ فِي تَدَهْوُرِ المُؤَسَّسَةِ.

The lack of administrative competence caused the institution's decline.

Organizational analysis.

اِنْعِدَامُ الفَارِقِ بَيْنَ الحَقِيقَةِ وَالخَيَالِ فِي هَذِهِ الرِّوَايَةِ.

The lack of distinction between reality and fantasy in this novel.

Literary criticism.

يَشْهَدُ العَالَمُ اِنْعِدَاماً فِي التَّكَافُؤِ الاِقْتِصَادِيِّ.

The world is witnessing a lack of economic parity.

Global economic discourse.

اِنْعِدَامُ الرُّؤْيَةِ الاِسْتْرَاتِيجِيَّةِ أَدَّى إِلَى تَخَبُّطِ القَرَارِ.

The lack of strategic vision led to haphazard decision-making.

Strategic management terminology.

تَتَجَلَّى إِشْكَالِيَّةُ اِنْعِدَامِ المَعْنَى فِي الفَلْسَفَةِ العَبَثِيَّةِ.

The problematic of the lack of meaning is manifested in absurdist philosophy.

High-level philosophical analysis.

يُفْضِي اِنْعِدَامُ المَرْجِعِيَّةِ إِلَى فَوْضَى مَعْرِفِيَّةٍ.

The lack of a reference framework leads to cognitive/epistemological chaos.

Epistemological discourse.

اِنْعِدَامُ الوُجُودِ المَادِّيِّ لا يَعْنِي اِنْعِدَامَ الأَثَرِ.

The absence of physical existence does not mean the absence of impact.

Paradoxical philosophical statement.

يُعَدُّ اِنْعِدَامُ الحِسِّ الجَمَالِيِّ نَقْصاً فِي التَّكْوِينِ الإِنْسَانِيِّ.

The lack of aesthetic sense is considered a deficiency in human formation.

Aesthetic theory.

اِنْعِدَامُ التَّنَاغُمِ بَيْنَ النَّصِّ وَالسِّيَاقِ.

The lack of harmony between the text and the context.

Linguistic/Hermeneutic analysis.

يُشِيرُ اِنْعِدَامُ الكُتْلَةِ فِي بَعْضِ الجُسَيْمَاتِ إِلَى خَصَائِصَ فَرِيدَةٍ.

The lack of mass in some particles indicates unique properties.

Theoretical physics register.

اِنْعِدَامُ القَصْدِيَّةِ فِي الفِعْلِ يُغَيِّرُ التَّكْيِيفَ القَانُونِيَّ.

The lack of intentionality in the act changes the legal characterization.

Advanced jurisprudence.

نَحْنُ أَمَامَ حَالَةٍ مِنِ اِنْعِدَامِ الوَزْنِ القِيَمِيِّ.

We are facing a state of 'value weightlessness' (loss of moral compass).

Metaphorical sociological analysis.

동의어

فقدان غياب عدم خلو

반의어

وجود وفرة توافر

자주 쓰는 조합

اِنْعِدَامُ الجَاذِبِيَّةِ

اِنْعِدَامُ الرُّؤْيَةِ

اِنْعِدَامُ الأَمْنِ

اِنْعِدَامُ الثِّقَةِ

اِنْعِدَامُ المَسْؤُولِيَّةِ

اِنْعِدَامُ الشَّفَافِيَّةِ

اِنْعِدَامُ الفُرَصِ

اِنْعِدَامُ الأَثَرِ

اِنْعِدَامُ الخِبْرَةِ

اِنْعِدَامُ التَّوَازُنِ

자주 쓰는 구문

حَالَةُ اِنْعِدَامِ الوَزْنِ

— The state of weightlessness. Used in space science.

دَخَلَتِ المَرْكَبَةُ فِي حَالَةِ اِنْعِدَامِ الوَزْنِ.

شِبْهُ اِنْعِدَامٍ

— An almost total lack. Used for extreme scarcity.

هُنَاكَ شِبْهُ اِنْعِدَامٍ لِلْمَاءِ فِي الصَّحْرَاءِ.

اِنْعِدَامُ الضَّمِيرِ

— Lack of conscience. Used to describe cruel people.

تَصَرَّفَ بِانْعِدَامِ ضَمِيرٍ تَامٍّ.

اِنْعِدَامُ الجَدْوَى

— Lack of feasibility or pointlessness.

أَدْرَكَ اِنْعِدَامَ الجَدْوَى مِنَ الاِسْتِمْرَارِ.

اِنْعِدَامُ المَنَاعَةِ

— Immunodeficiency. Medical term.

مَرَضُ اِنْعِدَامِ المَنَاعَةِ المُكْتَسَبِ (AIDS).

اِنْعِدَامُ الصِّلَةِ

— Lack of connection or relevance.

اِنْعِدَامُ الصِّلَةِ بَيْنَ المَوْضُوعَيْنِ وَاضِحٌ.

اِنْعِدَامُ القُدْرَةِ

— Inability or total lack of power.

اِنْعِدَامُ القُدْرَةِ عَلَى الحَرَكَةِ.

اِنْعِدَامُ المَأْوَى

— Homelessness (lack of shelter).

تَفَاقَمَتْ أَزْمَةُ اِنْعِدَامِ المَأْوَى.

اِنْعِدَامُ الحَيَاةِ

— Lifelessness or absence of life.

كَانَ الكَوْكَبُ يَبْدُو فِي حَالَةِ اِنْعِدَامِ حَيَاةٍ.

اِنْعِدَامُ العَدَالَةِ

— Injustice (total absence of justice).

اِنْعِدَامُ العَدَالَةِ يُوَلِّدُ العُنْفَ.

자주 혼동되는 단어

اِنْعِدَام vs عَدَم

Adam is a general negation prefix; In'idam is the specific state of total absence.

اِنْعِدَام vs إِعْدَام

I'dam means execution (capital punishment); In'idam means lack/absence. Only one letter difference!

اِنْعِدَام vs نَفَاد

Nafad means running out of something; In'idam is the state of it already being gone.

관용어 및 표현

"يَعِيشُ فِي اِنْعِدَامٍ"

— To live in a state of total deprivation or a void.

بَعْدَ فَقْدِ عَائِلَتِهِ، صَارَ يَعِيشُ فِي اِنْعِدَامٍ.

Literary

"اِنْعِدَامُ الخُطُوطِ الحَمْرَاءِ"

— Lack of boundaries or limits (moral or political).

فِي هَذِهِ الحَرْبِ نَرَى اِنْعِدَاماً لِلْخُطُوطِ الحَمْرَاءِ.

Political

"اِنْعِدَامُ النُّورِ فِي نِهَايَةِ النَّفَقِ"

— No light at the end of the tunnel (total hopelessness).

نَشْعُرُ بِـاِنْعِدَامِ النُّورِ فِي نِهَايَةِ النَّفَقِ لِلْأَزْمَةِ.

Journalistic

"اِنْعِدَامُ الوَزْنِ السِّيَاسِيِّ"

— Political irrelevance (having no weight/influence).

تُعَانِي المَعَارَضَةُ مِنِ اِنْعِدَامِ الوَزْنِ السِّيَاسِيِّ.

Political

"اِنْعِدَامُ الكَلَامِ"

— Speechlessness (usually from shock).

أَصَابَهُ اِنْعِدَامُ الكَلَامِ مِنْ هَوْلِ المَوْقِفِ.

Literary

"اِنْعِدَامُ الأُفُقِ"

— Lack of prospects or future vision.

يُؤَدِّي اِنْعِدَامُ الأُفُقِ إِلَى إِحْبَاطِ الشَّبَابِ.

Social/Political

"اِنْعِدَامُ الصَّوْتِ"

— Silence (total absence of sound/voice).

سَادَ اِنْعِدَامُ الصَّوْتِ فِي القَاعَةِ.

Literary

"اِنْعِدَامُ البَوْصَلَةِ"

— Lack of direction or guidance.

تَسِيرُ الشَّرِكَةُ بِـانْعِدَامِ بَوْصَلَةٍ وَاضِحَةٍ.

Business

"اِنْعِدَامُ الحَيَاءِ"

— Total shamelessness.

تَصَرَّفَ بِـانْعِدَامِ حَيَاءٍ أَمَامَ النَّاسِ.

Social

"اِنْعِدَامُ الرُّوحِ"

— Soullessness or lack of vitality.

هَذَا المَشْرُوعُ يَعْكِسُ اِنْعِدَامَ الرُّوحِ الإِبْدَاعِيَّةِ.

Artistic

혼동하기 쉬운

اِنْعِدَام vs إِعْدَام

Looks and sounds very similar.

I'dam is Form IV Masdar (Execution); In'idam is Form VII Masdar (Absence).

حُكِمَ عَلَيْهِ بِالإِعْدَامِ (He was sentenced to death) vs. اِنْعِدَامُ الأَمْنِ (Lack of security).

اِنْعِدَام vs عَدَم

Same root and similar meaning.

Adam is used for 'non-' (e.g., non-payment); In'idam is a full noun for 'total absence'.

عَدَمُ الدَّفْعِ vs. اِنْعِدَامُ المَالِ.

اِنْعِدَام vs غِيَاب

Both mean absence.

Ghiyab is usually for things that exist but are away; In'idam is for things that don't exist at all in that context.

غِيَابُ الطَّالِبِ (Student is away) vs. اِنْعِدَامُ الأُوكْسِجِينِ (Oxygen is non-existent).

اِنْعِدَام vs قِلَّة

Both describe not having enough.

Qilla is scarcity (some exists); In'idam is absolute zero.

قِلَّةُ المَاءِ (Little water) vs. اِنْعِدَامُ المَاءِ (No water at all).

اِنْعِدَام vs فَقْد

Both relate to missing something.

Faqd is the act of losing; In'idam is the state of the void.

فَقْدُ المِحْفَظَةِ (Losing the wallet) vs. اِنْعِدَامُ الأَمَلِ (Absence of hope).

문장 패턴

اِنْعِدَامُ [Noun] بِسَبَبِ [Noun]

اِنْعِدَامُ الرُّؤْيَةِ بِسَبَبِ المَطَرِ.

يُؤَدِّي اِنْعِدَامُ [Noun] إِلَى [Noun]

يُؤَدِّي اِنْعِدَامُ الثِّقَةِ إِلَى الفَشَلِ.

نُعَانِي مِنْ اِنْعِدَامِ [Noun]

نُعَانِي مِنْ اِنْعِدَامِ المَاءِ.

رَغْمَ اِنْعِدَامِ [Noun]، إِلَّا أَنَّ...

رَغْمَ اِنْعِدَامِ المَالِ، إِلَّا أَنَّهُ سَعِيدٌ.

يُشَكِّلُ اِنْعِدَامُ [Noun] خَطَراً عَلَى...

يُشَكِّلُ اِنْعِدَامُ الأَمْنِ خَطَراً عَلَى السُّيَّاحِ.

فِي ظِلِّ اِنْعِدَامِ [Noun] المَنَالِ...

فِي ظِلِّ اِنْعِدَامِ الحُلُولِ المَنَالِ، نَنْتَظِرُ.

مَا يُمَيِّزُ هَذَا هُوَ اِنْعِدَامُ [Noun]...

مَا يُمَيِّزُ العَمَلَ هُوَ اِنْعِدَامُ التَّعْقِيدِ.

اِنْعِدَامُ [Noun] لا يَسْتَلْزِمُ اِنْعِدَامَ [Noun]...

اِنْعِدَامُ المَادَّةِ لا يَسْتَلْزِمُ اِنْعِدَامَ الوُجُودِ.

어휘 가족

명사

عَدَم Non-existence / lack

عَدِيم A person lacking something (e.g., 'adim al-fahm' - lacking understanding)

مَعْدُوم Non-existent / annihilated

إِعْدَام Execution / capital punishment

동사

عَدِمَ To lack / to miss

أَعْدَمَ To execute / to destroy

اِنْعَدَمَ To become non-existent / to vanish

형용사

عَدَمِيّ Nihilistic

مُنْعَدِم Absent / non-existent

사용법

frequency

Common in formal writing and news.

자주 하는 실수

إِنْعِدَام (with Hamza) → اِنْعِدَام (without Hamza)
It's a Form VII Masdar, which always uses Hamzat Wasl (no written Hamza).
اِنْعِدَام قَلِيل → قِلَّة
You can't have a 'little' total absence. It's either zero or it's not.
الاِنْعِدَام الثِّقَة → اِنْعِدَامُ الثِّقَةِ
In an Idafa, the first noun never takes 'Al-'.
اِنْعِدَام الطَّالِب → غِيَاب الطَّالِب
Use 'Ghiyab' for people's absence from a place.
هُوَ اِنْعَدَمَ المَال → هُوَ يَعَانِي مِنِ اِنْعِدَامِ المَالِ
In'idam is a noun; don't try to use it as a verb in a simple sentence without a preposition.

팁

The Idafa Rule

Never put 'Al-' on 'In'idam' if it is followed by another noun. Say 'In'idam al-amn' not 'Al-In'idam al-amn'.

Upgrade Your Arabic

Use 'In'idam' in your writing tasks to instantly boost your CEFR level from B1 to B2/C1.

The Ayn Sound

Make sure to clearly pronounce the 'Ayn' in the middle. It's what makes the word sound authentic.

News Watching

Watch the weather forecast on an Arabic channel; you will almost certainly hear 'In'idam al-ru'ya'.

Formal Essays

When discussing social problems, use 'In'idam' to describe structural voids like 'In'idam al-musawah' (lack of equality).

The Zero Point

Associate 'In'idam' with the number zero. It's the 'zero-ness' of a quality.

Form VII Pattern

Learn the 'Infi'al' pattern. If you know 'Inkishaf' (discovery) or 'Inshirah' (joy), 'In'idam' fits the same rhythm.

No Hamza

Remember: no little 'ء' on the first Alif. It's a Hamzat Wasl.

Total vs Partial

Only use 'In'idam' when something is 100% gone. If it's 50% gone, use 'Qilla'.

Metaphorical Weight

Use 'In'idam al-wazn' metaphorically to describe a person who has lost their influence.

암기하기

기억법

Think of 'In-i-DAM'. The 'DAM' sounds like 'Damn, it's gone!' In'idām is when something is completely gone.

시각적 연상

Imagine a space station where everything is floating because gravity has vanished. This is 'In'idām al-Jadhibiya'.

Word Web

Zero Void Lack Absence Nullity Space Vacuum Nothingness

챌린지

Try to use 'In'idām' in three different contexts today: one about the weather, one about a feeling, and one about a news event.

어원

Derived from the Arabic root ع-د-م (ʿ-d-m), which primarily means 'to be missing' or 'to not exist.' In Form I (ʿadima), it means to lack. In Form IV (ʾaʿdama), it means to cause something to not exist (hence 'to execute').

원래 의미: The root originally referred to the absence of a thing or the state of being without resources.

Semitic (Arabic).

문화적 맥락

No specific sensitivities, but using it to describe a person's 'In'idām of intelligence' is very insulting.

English speakers often use 'lack' loosely. Arabic speakers use 'In'idām' for absolute zero, making it much stronger than the English 'lack' in many cases.

In'idām al-Wazn (The standard Arabic title for documentaries about weightlessness). Al-In'idām (A common theme in existentialist Arabic literature). Used in UN reports regarding 'Food Insecurity' (In'idām al-amn al-ghidāʾī).

실생활에서 연습하기

실제 사용 상황

Science/Physics

اِنْعِدَامُ الوَزْنِ
اِنْعِدَامُ الهَوَاءِ
اِنْعِدَامُ الضَّغْطِ
اِنْعِدَامُ المَادَّةِ

Politics/News

اِنْعِدَامُ الأَمْنِ
اِنْعِدَامُ الاِسْتِقْرَارِ
اِنْعِدَامُ الشَّفَافِيَّةِ
اِنْعِدَامُ السِّيَادَةِ

Weather

اِنْعِدَامُ الرُّؤْيَةِ
اِنْعِدَامُ المَطَرِ
اِنْعِدَامُ الرِّيَاحِ
اِنْعِدَامُ السُّحُبِ

Psychology/Social

اِنْعِدَامُ الثِّقَةِ
اِنْعِدَامُ الشُّعُورِ
اِنْعِدَامُ الرَّغْبَةِ
اِنْعِدَامُ الضَّمِيرِ

Legal/Business

اِنْعِدَامُ الصَّلَاحِيَّةِ
اِنْعِدَامُ الجَدْوَى
اِنْعِدَامُ الرِّبْحِ
اِنْعِدَامُ المَسْؤُولِيَّةِ

대화 시작하기

"مَاذَا سَيَحْدُثُ لِلْعَالَمِ فِي حَالَةِ اِنْعِدَامِ الجَاذِبِيَّةِ؟ (What would happen to the world in a state of zero gravity?)"

"هَلْ تَعْتَقِدُ أَنَّ اِنْعِدَامَ الثِّقَةِ هُوَ سَبَبُ المَشَاكِلِ بَيْنَ النَّاسِ؟ (Do you think the lack of trust is the cause of problems between people?)"

"كَيْفَ نُوَاجِهُ اِنْعِدَامَ الرُّؤْيَةِ فِي حَيَاتِنَا المُسْتَقْبَلِيَّةِ؟ (How do we face the lack of vision in our future lives?)"

"هَلْ سَبَقَ لَكَ أَنْ شَعَرْتَ بِـانْعِدَامِ الوَزْنِ فِي مَدِينَةِ المَلاهِي؟ (Have you ever felt weightlessness at an amusement park?)"

"مَا هِيَ نَتَائِجُ اِنْعِدَامِ الشَّفَافِيَّةِ فِي الشَّرِكَاتِ؟ (What are the results of a lack of transparency in companies?)"

일기 주제

اُكْتُبْ عَنْ يَوْمٍ تَخَيَّلْتَ فِيهِ اِنْعِدَامَ التِّكْنُولُوجِيَا تَمَاماً. (Write about a day where you imagined the total absence of technology.)

صِفْ شُعُورَكَ عِنْدَمَا تَمْشِي فِي ضَبَابٍ كَثِيفٍ مَعَ اِنْعِدَامِ الرُّؤْيَةِ. (Describe your feeling when walking in thick fog with zero visibility.)

نَاقِشْ كَيْفَ يُؤَثِّرُ اِنْعِدَامُ الأَمْنِ عَلَى نَفْسِيَّةِ الأَطْفَالِ. (Discuss how the lack of security affects the psychology of children.)

هَلْ يُمْكِنُ لِلْحُبِّ أَنْ يَسْتَمِرَّ مَعَ اِنْعِدَامِ الاِحْتِرَامِ؟ (Can love continue with a total absence of respect?)

تَخَيَّلْ حَيَاتَكَ فِي الفَضَاءِ مَعَ اِنْعِدَامِ الجَاذِبِيَّةِ لِمُدَّةِ شَهْرٍ. (Imagine your life in space with zero gravity for a month.)

자주 묻는 질문

10 질문

Rarely. It is mostly for news, science, and formal writing. In daily life, people use 'Ma fi' or 'Bidun'.

Adam is like a prefix (non-), while In'idam is a noun describing the state of total lack. 'Adam al-ihtimam' = non-interest; 'In'idam al-ihtimam' = total absence of interest.

Only if you are talking about their absence in a very formal or philosophical way. For school/work, use 'Ghiyab'.

It is 'In'idam al-Jadhibiya' (اِنْعِدَامُ الجَاذِبِيَّةِ).

Only if it's at the very beginning of a sentence. If there is a word before it, the 'i' sound is skipped.

It is a masculine noun.

Yes, 'In'idam al-ma'wa' is a formal way to say lack of shelter/homelessness.

The verb is 'In'adama' (اِنْعَدَمَ), meaning 'to become non-existent'.

No, it means total absence. For scarcity, use 'Qilla' or 'Nudra'.

It is spelled with an Alif (without Hamza), Nun, 'Ayn, Dal, Alif, Mim: اِنْعِدَام.

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